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Pharmacy Practice Spring 2016 > Prescription Drug Slide Deck > Flashcards

Prescription Drug Slide Deck Flashcards

1
Q

General points for antihypertensives

A

Lifestyle modifications (ask what the provider told them) ie weight, moderate alcohol, reduce sodium, smoking cessation, diet (DASH)
Encourage home BP monitoring
Common side effect: dizziness

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2
Q

Beta-blocker key points and side effects

A 
Monitor HR (can slow)
Do not discontinue abruptly
Side effects: exercise intolerance, sexual dysfunction, fatigue/depression, dizziness
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3
Q

Calcium channel blockers key points and side effects

A

Monitor HR

Side effects: edema, fatigue, constipation (mostly verapamil and diltiazem)

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4
Q

Diuretics key points and side effects

A 
Monitor electrolytes (K+) - some are potassium sparing and some are potassium wasting
Side effects: urination, photosensitivity, possible rash
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5
Q

Ace inhibitors key points and side effects

A

Monitor electrolytes
First dose hypotension is worse if dehydrated
Side effects: cough (delayed onset), dizziness, angioedema (rare)

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6
Q

ARB key points and side effects

A

Monitor electrolytes
First dose hypotension is worse if dehydrated
Side effects: dizziness, angioedema (rare)

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7
Q

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors key points and side effects

A

Take in the evening for best effects (simva, lova)
Avoid grapefruit juice (simva, lova, atorva)
Lifestyle modifications
Ensure they have follow up labs in 1-3 months
Side effects: nausea/dyspepsia, myalgia (call Dr if no cause), can increase levels of enzymes in LFTs

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8
Q

Warfarin key points and side effects

A 
Consistent diet
Avoid NSAIDs
Let a provider know before you start taking a new drug or supplement
Food interactions
Keep all INR appointments
INR too high leads to bleeds
INR too low leads to clots
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9
Q

Clopidogrel key points and side effects

A

Avoid use with omeprazole - decreases effectiveness

Side effects: (usually well tolerated), increased risk of bleed, rash, pruritus

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10
Q

Metformin key points and side effects

A

Monitor A1C and renal function (BG monitoring not necessary)
Lifestyle modifications
Unlikely to cause hypoglycemia
Take with food
Side effects: nausea, vomiting, flatulence, diarrhea

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11
Q

Insulins key points and side effects

A

Monitor BG at home
Explain what to do if low BG
Proper pen/vial technique and storage
Side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain

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12
Q

Muscle relaxants key points and side effects

A

Avoid other CNS depressants
Avoid abrupt withdrawal if taking scheduled
Side effects less severe with tizanidine than cylcobenzaprine and are less prevalent if used PRN rather than scheduled
Side effects: dry mouth, hypotension, dizziness, sedation

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13
Q

Opioids key points and side effects

A

Abuse/dependence
Avoid other CNS depressants
APAP max dosing
Side effects: sedation, constipation, risk of abuse

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14
Q

General points for antidepressants

A

Do not discontinue abruptly
Can increase suicide ideation (reference med guide)
Takes 4-6 weeks to see full effects
Most are sedating (except bupropion and fluoxetine)
May cause sexual dysfunction (except buproprion)
Best to start on a weekend when you can evaluate how it will effect you

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15
Q

SSRI key points and side effects

A

Titrate to minimize side effects
Can increase bleed risk with anticoagulants
Side effects (pretty well tolerated): nausea, headache, restlessness

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16
Q

Venlafaxine key points and side effects

A

Titrate to minimize side effects
Can increase bleed risk with anticoagulants
Side effects: insomnia, loss of appetite, constipation

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17
Q

Buproprion key points and side effects

A

Minimal sexual dysfunction
Contraindicated in seizure disorders
Side effects: dry mouth, insomnia/agitation, weight loss, headache, tachycardia

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18
Q

Benzodiazepines key points and side effects

A

Avoid other CNS depressants
Taper off slowly if taking scheduled (not a concern with PRN use)
Side effects: somnolence/dizziness, abuse/withdrawal, anterograde amnesia

19
Q

Zolpidem key points and side effects

A

Take immediately before bedtime
Potential for dependence
Plan for a full night of sleep
Side effects: daytime somnolence, dizziness, parasomnias (not common but get a lot of press)

20
Q

ADHD medications key points and side effects

A

Monitor BP and HR (and height and weight for kids)
Potential for dependency/abuse (keep in a safe place and don’t let other people take it)
Side effects: nausea, loss of appetite, insomnia/irritability, headache

21
Q

Gabapentin key points and side effects

A

Several indications
Caution with other CNS depressants
Side effects: drowsiness/sedation, dizziness, fatigue, ataxia, fuzzy headed/confused

22
Q

Albuterol key points and side effects

A

Inhalation technique
For rescue
If using >2x/week reevaluate maintenance
Side effects (generally transient): headache, tachycardia, tremor/shakiness, lightheadedness

23
Q

Flovent/Advair key points and side effects

A

Rinse mouth out after every use
Use every day to control
Inhalation technique
Side effects: thrush, URI, cough/hoarseness, headache

24
Q

Tiotropium/Combivent key points and side effects

A

Inhalation technique

Side effects: dry mouth, cough/hoarseness, bitter taste, URI

25
Q

Prednisone key points and side effects

A

Used for asthma, allergic reactions, and RA
Take early in the day
Often a tapering dose
The side effects in the medication guide are with long term use (shouldn’t experience many with short term use)
Side effects: insomnia/agitation, fluid retention, increased appetite, can increase BP and BG at high doses

26
Q

Triamcinolone key points and side effects

A

Apply sparingly
No occlusive dressing unless Dr told them to
Typically no more than 10-14 days (used for a little bit, stop, restart if flares back up)
Side effects: skin atrophy, burning and contact dermatitis uncommon

27
Q

General points for antibiotics

A

Take exactly how prescribed
Finish the whole course even if you’re feeling better
May cause nausea/mild diarrhea - can take with food (except dairy with some)
Predispose to yeast infection
Double-check allergies
May interfere with oral contraceptives - not a lot of strong evidence but better safe than sorry
C. diff infection risk due to wiping out gut flora

28
Q

Beta-lactam key points

A

Beware of PCN allergy
Advise to take Augmentin with food
Diarrhea is more common with Augmentin

29
Q

Ciprofloxacin key points and side effects

A

Avoid taking with antacids, multivitamins, and dairy products
Side effects: tendonopathy, photosensitivity, peripheral neuropathy, QT prolongation (only counsel if they’re at higher risk)

30
Q

Doxycycline key points and side effects

A

Not for use in

31
Q

Clindamycin key points and side effects

A

Risk of C. diff (don’t use an OTC antidiarrheal)
Take full course if no problems
Side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

32
Q

Azithromycin key points and side effects

A

With or without food
Do not take with antacids
Side effects: GI upset, QT prolongation

33
Q

Septra/Bactrim key points and side effects

A

Take with plenty of water to avoid crystallization in kidney
Possible sulfa antibiotic allergy
Side effects: photosensitivity, rash

34
Q

GoLytely key points and side effects

A

Read packet from the prescriber and follow their instructions, not the ones on the bottle
Do not plan to leave your house
Don’t mix with or drink any dark colors
Only good for 48hr after adding water
Side effects: diarrhea, nausea, increased thirst

35
Q

Latanoprost key points and side effects

A

Administration technique

Side effects: mild irritation, blurred vision, eyelash growth, iris color change

36
Q

Ophthamic antibiotics key points and side effects

A

Administration technique

Side effects: mild irritation, blurred vision

37
Q

OC key points and side effects

A

Take every day
See insert on what to do if you miss a pill
Start on the first day of the menstrual cycle or use ‘quick start’ method
No smoking
Side effects: breast tenderness, breakthrough bleeding/spotting, reported weight gain (not a lot of evidence), headache/migraine, increased clot risk

38
Q

Antiviral key points and side effects

A

Works best at the first sign of an outbreak
Increased fluid intake
Can take with or without food
Side effects: malaise, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

39
Q

Alendronate key points and side effects

A

Take on an empty stomach with a full glass of water and avoid lying down for 30 minutes
Take calcium and vitamin D supplements
Side effects: nausea, vomiting, heartburn, RARE: atypical femur fracture, osteonecrosis of jaw

40
Q

Levothyroxine key points and side effects

A

Consistency is key**
Take on an empty stomach
Monitor TSH
No side effects if dosage is correct (euthyroid)
Side effects if dose is too high: tachycardia, sweating, weight loss

41
Q

Tamsulosin key points and side effects

A

Monitor BP

Side effects: dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, fatigue, headache

42
Q

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor key points and side effects

A

Take 30-60 minutes prior to sexual activity
Contraindicated if taking nitrates
Limit to 1 dose per day
Side effects (generally well tolerated): headache, flushing, color vision change, dyspepsia, priapism

43
Q

Epinephrine key points

A

Tell patient to get comfortable with the technique
Still need to seek medical attention if you use it
Always keep on hand and check expiration date

Pharmacy Practice Spring 2016 (8 decks)

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