Prescribing Flashcards
How to calculate maintenance fluids in children?
1st 10kg - 100ml/kg/day
2nd 10kg - 50ml/kg/day
Remainder - 20ml/kg/day
How to calculate maintenance fluids in neonates?
Day 1 - 60ml/kg/day
Day 2 - 90ml/kg/day
Day 3 - 120ml/kg/day
Days 4-28 - 150ml/kg/day
How to estimate severity of dehydration and fluid deficit?
Mild - 5% body weight (50ml/kg) - slightly dry mucous membranes, increased thirst, reduced urine output. Treat with oral rehydration solution or NG if oral fails.
Moderate - 10% body weight (100ml/kg) - dry mucous membranes, tachycardia, reduced urine output, loss of skin turgor, sunken eyes/fontanelles. Treat with IV bolus or NG fluids. 25ml/kg/hour or first 4 hours.
Severe - 15% body weight (150ml/kg) - pronounced tachycardia, weak pulse, hypotension, delayed cap refill, mottled skin, cyanosis, dyspnoea. Treat with IV boluses.
What is the formula to calculate how much fluids to give in dehydration?
Fluids required (ml) = dehydration (%) x weight (kg) x 10.
How much fluids do you give in IV bolus?
10-20ml/kg normal saline.
IV bolus should be used to reduce moderate/severe dehydration to a deficit of 8% (80ml/kg)
How much oral rehydration solution fluid challenge of mild/moderate gastroenteritis do you give?
1-2ml/kg or ORS every 10 minutes.
o If child requires more than 20ml/kg in 2 hours at home, may need hospital admission
How much adrenaline do you give in anaphylaxis?
1:1000 IM
> 12 years - 500mcg
6-12 years - 300mcg
<6 years - 150mcg
What do you give during a seizure and at what dose?
Lorazepam 0.1mg/kg IV
If no IV access - buccal midazolam 0.5mg/kg
What do you presribe for sepsis?
Ceftriaxone 80mg/kg IV
