Prescribing Flashcards
sodium chloride 0.9% 1000ml
150mmol Na
potassium chloride 0.3% 1000ml
40 mmol K
potassium chloride 1.5% 1000ml
20mmol K
glucose 5% 1000ml
50g glucose
daily requirements
25-30ml/kg water
1mmol/kg Na and K (and Cl)
50-100g glucose
fluid in emergency resuscitation
NaCl 0.9% 500ml over 15 mins
fluid in emergency hypoglycaemia
glucose 20% 100ml over 15 mins
fluid in emergency hypokalaemia
NaCl 0.9%/ KCl 0.3% 1000ml over 4 hours
fluid in emergency hypercalcaemia
NaCl 0.9% 1000ml over 4 hours
maintenance fluids without deficits/losses
25-30ml/kg water
1mmol/kg Na and K (and Cl)
50-100g glucose
aim 1000ml 8-12 hours
maintenance fluids with deficits/losses (e.g. low Na, K, vomiting, diarrhoea)
minimum 30ml/kg/hour water
ensure electrolytes replaced
aim 1000ml 4-6 hours
example maintenance fluid
NaCl 0.9%/ KCl 0.3% 1000ml over 8-12 hour
anticoagulant monitoring
LMWH- anti-factor Xa
Unfractionated heparin- aPTT
NOACs- monitor clinically
Warfarin- INR
hypocalcaemia
calcium gluconate 10% , 10ml over 10mins
hypercalcaemia
0.9% NaCL 1000ml over 4 hours
hypokalaemia
0.3% KCl 1000ml over 4 hours
hyperkalaemia
calcium gluconate 10%, 30ml over 10mins
analgesia summary
start with paracetamol and ibuprofen (+PPI)
codeine, co-codamol, tramadol
morphine, diamorphine, buprenorphine, fentanyl
low back pain and sciatica
NSAID
weak opioid if CI
neuropathic pain
amitriptyline, pregabalin, gabapentin
trigeminal neuralgia
carbamazepine
anti-emetics route
avoid PO - give IM/IV
anti-emetics: post-operative
ondanestron
anti-emetics: vertigo/motion sickness/vestibular disorders
cyclizine
