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Peds > Preschoolers > Flashcards

Preschoolers Flashcards

1
Q

What are the phrases that can describe play with toddlers and with preschoolers?

A

toddler: “follow the leader”
preschooler: “let’s play pretend”

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2
Q

What do we work on strengthening in 3 yo’s?

A

strengthening hands (for grip) and feet (for balance)

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3
Q

What do we work on strengthening in 4-5yo’s?

A

midrange control in quads and hamstrings (for skipping/galloping)

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4
Q

A child who is gaining linear and vertical acceleration/deceleration with their climbing/jumping is how old?

A

36 mo

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5
Q

T/F: Hand dominance is established at 4-5 yo.

A

false, still working on it

- 7-8 is when the last ones finally get it

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6
Q

What sensory perceptual development is occuring in 3-5 yo’s?

A
  • able to increase vertical and linear acceleration/deceleration
  • working on hand dominance
  • improving motor planning to execute advanced gross motor skills
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7
Q

A child who can walk on tiptoes on a 4in straight line is how old?

A

36 mo (could walk on one foot at 24 mo)

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8
Q

How does a child at 36 mo navigate stairs?

A

alternates feet going up
marks time going down

  • most still hold on for support
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9
Q

How does running improve by 36 mo?

A
  • at 24 mo, they were running on toes with immature weight shifts
  • now they can run FAST: 45’ in 6sec or less
  • stops/changes direction easily
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10
Q

How long can a 3yo stand on 1 foot?

A

3 seconds (compared to 1-2 for 2yo’s)

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11
Q

When does a child have mature weight shifts in gait?

A

2 yo

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12
Q

A child who can run 45ft in 6sec or less, as well as easily able to change direction and stop, is how old?

A

36 mo

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13
Q

How far can a 36 mo throw a tennis ball?

A

about 10 ft (was 3-7ft for 2 yo)

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14
Q

How does catching a ball differ between 2yo and 3yo?

A 
2 = catch large ball against body
3 = catch ball with arms extended, pulls ball into body
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15
Q

How old is a child that uses opposing arm/leg movements when kicking a ball?

A

3 yo: kicks it 6’

- as opposed to 3ft at 2 yo

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16
Q

At what age does hopping begin? Describe early hopping.

A

36mo: hops 2-10x in a row, uncoordinated

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17
Q

A child who is able to skip with trunk rotation is how old?

A

5 yo

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18
Q

A child who is able to jump forward 26” using 2 footed take off and landing is how old?

A

3 yo

2yo: jumped off step with one foot leading, jumped 1-2 inches in air

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19
Q

A child who is able to hop 20’ in 6 sec or less without losing balance is how old?

A

5 yo

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20
Q

How old is a child who demonstrates mature weight shifts during gait on a variety of surfaces and when moving objects?

A

4 yo

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21
Q

How long can a 5 yo maintain SLS with mature weight shifts?

A

10 sec

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22
Q

At what age do mature weight shifts with gait occur?

A

18 mo (developing at 15 mo)

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23
Q

A child who demonstrates mature weight shifts in transitions and in crawling up steps is how old?

A

18 mo

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24
Q

Describe how weight shifting matures in gait from 12 months to 4 yrs.

A

12 mo: immature weight shifts on level surfaces

15: maturing… on level surfaces
18: matured on level surfaces
36: immature on UNEVEN surfaces

4 yr: matured on a variety of surfaces

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25
Q

A child who alternates feet when going up stairs but still marks time when going down is how old?

A

3 yo

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26
Q

T/F: A child demonstrates mature weight shifts when navigating stairs by 4 yo.

A

true

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27
Q

A child beginning to ride a tricycle is how old?

A

3 yo

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28
Q

At what age do we have mature weight shifts in static standing?

A

12 mo

29
Q

At what age do we have matured weight shifts in transitions to stand?

A

18 mo

30
Q

A child who is able to alternate feet going up/down stairs and uses rotation when doing so is how old?

A

4-5 yo

- rotation difficult at 3 yo, also still marking time going down at 3 yo

31
Q

What are 3 yo’s good at? What are they missing?

A

good at: following directions

bad at: coordination

32
Q

A child who is able to stand on one foot for 10sec with limited swaying is how old?

A

4 yo

33
Q

Discuss the progression of standing on one foot skill development.

A

24 mo: stands on 1 foot for 1-2 sec

3 yo: stands on 1 foot for 3 sec

4: stands on 1 foot for 10 sec with limited sway

5: stands on tip toes for 8 sec without much sway, can stand on each foot for 10 sec without sway
- mature weight shifts at 5 yo also

34
Q

Describe running skill progression.

A

18 mo: hurried walk

24 mo: toe running with immature weight shifts for 10’

3 yo: runs faster, 45’ in 6 sec, mature weight shifts, slows better

4 yo: can stop/start within two steps of command without falling, mature weight shifts (red light/green light!!)

35
Q

Describe ball throwing progression.

A

13 mo: flinging

18 mo: throws overhand 3ft

24 mo: throws underhand 3-7 ft

36: throws overhand 10 ft

4 yo: throws underhand 10ft, can hit a target 12ft away

36
Q

Describe catching a ball progression.

A

13 mo: corrals in sitting

24 mo: catches large ball against body

36 mo: catches ball with arms extended, brings it into body

3.5 yo: catches ball with flexed elbows

4 yo: catches tennis ball with elbows bent

5 yo: bounces and catches tennis ball with one hand

37
Q

If a child is able to catch a ball with bent elbows without bringing it into their body, how old are they?

A

3.5 yrs

38
Q

If a child is able to catch a tennis ball, how old are they?

A

4 yo

39
Q

At what age do children no longer need their body to stabilize when catching a ball?

A

4-5 yo

40
Q

How old is a child that can walk backwards on a line?

A

4 yo

41
Q

How old is a child that can stand on their tiptoes with minimal sway?

A 
5 yo 
(4 yrs = stand on one foot 10sec with minimal sway)
42
Q

How old is a child that can run/stop by 2 steps of command without falling?

A 
4 yo
( 3 yrs = running fast, 45' in 6 sec with mature weight shifts)
43
Q

How old is a child that has mature weight shifts in running?

A

3 yo (don’t have them at 2, and can start/stop on command at 4 yo)

44
Q

How old is a child that alternates feet going up the stairs but still marks time going down?

A

3 yo (alternates both up and down at 4 yo)

45
Q

Describe jumping skill progression.

A

24 mo: jumps 1-2 in up with both feet, jumps down leading with one foot

36 mo: jumps FORWARD 26in with two foot initiation and landing

4 yo: jumps forward 30in, 2 feet

5 yo: jumps forward 36in, can jump and turn, jump sideways, jump rope

46
Q

A child that is able to jump rope is how old?

A

5 yo

47
Q

How far can a 5 yo skip?

A

8-10ft with trunk rotation

48
Q

How far can a 4 yo gallop?

A

10ft

49
Q

When does rhythmical, matured arm swing in gait occur?

A

age 4

start swinging arms at 18 mo, get counter rotation at 24 mo

50
Q

What is primarily used to catch balance in dynamic activities until 7 yo?

A

arms; trunk used after that but it’s just not strong enough yet

51
Q

Midrange control of quads is established at what age?

A

4-5 yo

52
Q

At what age do we see matured weight shifts during gait on level surfaces?

A

18 mo (still working on it at 15)

53
Q

When do we see mature weight shifts in running?

A

36 mo

54
Q

A child that demonstrates mature weight shifts in gait on UNEVEN surfaces is how old?

A

4 yo

55
Q

T/F: 4 yo’s have matured weight shifts during advanced play skills.

A

false, not mature until 5 yo

56
Q

Why do we need counter rotation during gait?

A

allows us to change direction smoother, run, and move faster

57
Q

Describe stair skill from 3-5 yo.

A

3: alternates feet going up, marks time down

4-5: alternates feet going up/down

58
Q

T/F: We see trunk rotation with skipping at age 5.

A

true

59
Q

At what age does hopping begin?

A

3 yrs: hops 2-10 times uncoordinated

60
Q

Describe hopping skill progression.

A

3 yo: hops 2-10 times uncoordinated

4 yo: hops more on dominant, some on non dominant

5 yo: hops 20’ in 6sec without losing balance

61
Q

What are some games you could play with preschoolers?

A

relays, dance routines, obstacle courses (with water maybe!), skip to my lou

62
Q

Summary: What are preschoolers gaining in this time?

A
  • coordination
  • advanced motor skills (gallop, skip, run, hop, trike, throw
  • improved balance
  • complex motor planning
63
Q

Why would insurance companies limit coverage at the preschool age for advanced motor skills, and how can we overcome this?

A
  • they think advanced skills like running, jumping, etc aren’t necessary
  • but if we prove that they’re hurting themselves doing these things (d/t poor balance or control) we could maybe make a case for them
64
Q

T/F: Family centered care tends to shift to child-centered care during the preschool years.

A

true

65
Q

For what ages is PT a primary service, and when does it become a related service?

A 
primary = infants/toddlers
related = preschool (more focus on language/education than gross motor now)
66
Q

What developmental stage are preschoolers in, cognitively?

A

pre-operational: symbolic play, illogical concrete thinking

67
Q

What are common differences between how toddlers and preschoolers are treated in therapy?

A
  • child-centered care for preschool vs family centered for toddlers
  • emphasize age appropriate behaviors/skills
  • shift in focus to language/literacy/education in preschool yrs vs gross motor (PT now a related service)
68
Q

How can we treat kids holistically in therapy?

A
  • emphasize gross motor age appropriate skills, but also cognition, fine motor, and socialization
  • encouragement for kids
  • consider transitions for kids now (like getting on bus, recess play time, etc) and practice skills to help those areas

Peds (2 decks)

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