Preschooler

Question 1

What is leukemia?

Answer 1

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, causing an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.

Example sentence: Leukemia is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention.

Question 2

What are the common types of leukemia in children?

Answer 2

The common types of leukemia in children are acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Additional information: ALL is the most common type of childhood leukemia.

Question 3

What are the symptoms of leukemia in children?

Answer 3

Common symptoms include fatigue, pale skin, easy bruising or bleeding, frequent infections, bone or joint pain, swollen lymph nodes, and weight loss.

Example sentence: Early detection of leukemia in children is crucial for effective treatment.

Question 4

What are some risk factors for childhood leukemia?

Answer 4

Risk factors may include genetic conditions such as Down syndrome, exposure to high levels of radiation or certain chemicals, and a history of certain genetic disorders in the family.

Additional information: Understanding risk factors can help in prevention and early detection of childhood leukemia.

Question 5

How is childhood leukemia diagnosed?

Answer 5

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to check for abnormal white blood cell counts and bone marrow tests to confirm the presence of leukemia cells.

Example sentence: Early diagnosis of childhood leukemia can improve treatment outcomes.

Question 6

What is the treatment for childhood leukemia?

Answer 6

Treatment may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell transplant, depending on the type and stage of leukemia.

Additional information: Treatment plans are tailored to each child’s specific condition and needs.

Question 7

What is the prognosis for childhood leukemia?

Answer 7

The prognosis varies depending on factors such as the type of leukemia, the child’s age, and response to treatment. With advances in treatment, the survival rates for childhood leukemia have improved significantly in recent years.

Example sentence: Regular follow-up care is essential for monitoring the long-term effects of childhood leukemia treatment.

Question 8

How can childhood leukemia impact a child’s life?

Answer 8

Childhood leukemia and its treatment can have significant physical, emotional, and social impacts on a child’s life, including side effects from treatment, disruptions to schooling and activities, and emotional distress for both the child and their family.

Additional information: Support from healthcare providers and loved ones is crucial for children undergoing leukemia treatment.

Question 9

What are some nursing interventions for children with leukemia?

Answer 9

Nursing interventions may include monitoring vital signs and blood counts, administering medications as prescribed, providing education and support to the child and family about the disease and treatment, promoting comfort measures to alleviate symptoms such as pain and nausea, implementing infection control measures to prevent the spread of infections, and facilitating psychosocial support to help cope with the emotional impact of the diagnosis and treatment.

Question 10

What is nephroblastoma, also known as Wilms tumor?

Answer 10

Nephroblastoma, commonly known as Wilms tumor, is a type of kidney cancer that primarily affects children.

Question 11

What are the common signs and symptoms of Wilms tumor?

Answer 11

Common signs and symptoms include abdominal swelling or mass, abdominal pain, blood in the urine, fever, nausea, vomiting, and high blood pressure.

Question 12

What are the risk factors associated with Wilms tumor?

Answer 12

Risk factors may include certain genetic conditions such as WAGR syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, and familial Wilms tumor, as well as having certain birth defects or a family history of Wilms tumor.

Question 13

How is Wilms tumor diagnosed?

Answer 13

Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to visualize the kidney and surrounding structures, followed by a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells.

Question 14

What is the treatment for Wilms tumor?

Answer 14

Treatment usually involves a combination of surgery to remove the tumor, chemotherapy to kill any remaining cancer cells, and sometimes radiation therapy, depending on the stage and risk factors of the tumor.

Question 15

What is the prognosis for children with Wilms tumor?

Answer 15

The prognosis for Wilms tumor is generally favorable, especially when diagnosed early and treated promptly. The five-year survival rate for children with Wilms tumor is high, particularly for those with localized disease.

Question 16

What are some complications associated with Wilms tumor and its treatment?

Answer 16

Complications may include side effects from chemotherapy such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and increased risk of infections, as well as potential long-term effects such as kidney problems or infertility, depending on the extent of treatment. Regular follow-up care is important to monitor for any late effects of treatment.

Question 17

What are some nursing interventions for children with Wilms tumor?

Answer 17

Nursing interventions may include providing emotional support to the child and family, educating them about the disease and treatment plan, monitoring for signs of complications such as infection or bleeding, assisting with pain management, promoting adequate nutrition and hydration, preparing the child and family for surgery and chemotherapy, and facilitating coordination of care among the healthcare team members. Additionally, supporting the child’s coping mechanisms and facilitating age-appropriate activities can contribute to their overall well-being during treatment.

Example sentence: The nurse provided emotional support to the child and family during the treatment process.

Question 18

What is asthma?

Answer 18

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.

Example sentence: The patient was diagnosed with asthma after experiencing recurrent episodes of wheezing and shortness of breath.

Question 19

What are the common triggers for asthma attacks?

Answer 19

Common triggers include allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, respiratory infections, cold air, exercise, air pollution, smoke, and certain medications or chemicals.

Additional information: Avoiding exposure to known triggers can help prevent asthma attacks.

Question 20

What are the classifications of asthma severity?

Answer 20

Asthma severity can be classified as intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent, or severe persistent, based on the frequency and severity of symptoms, as well as lung function tests.

Example sentence: The patient’s asthma was classified as moderate persistent due to frequent symptoms and reduced lung function.

Question 21

What are the goals of asthma management?

Answer 21

The goals of asthma management are to achieve and maintain control of symptoms, prevent asthma attacks and exacerbations, maintain normal activity levels, and minimize the need for rescue medications.

Additional information: Regular monitoring and adherence to treatment plans are essential for successful asthma management.

Question 22

What are some nursing interventions for managing asthma?

Answer 22

Nursing interventions may include educating the patient and family about asthma triggers, medications, and proper inhaler techniques, conducting regular assessments of respiratory status and peak flow measurements, developing an asthma action plan, teaching relaxation techniques to manage stress, promoting a smoke-free environment, and encouraging regular follow-up appointments with healthcare providers. Additionally, nurses may administer medications as prescribed, monitor for adverse effects, and provide support and counseling to help patients cope with the challenges of living with asthma.

Example sentence: The nurse provided education on proper inhaler use and peak flow measurements to help the patient manage asthma symptoms effectively.

Question 23

What are the signs and symptoms of asthma?

Answer 23

Signs and symptoms of asthma include wheezing (a whistling sound when breathing), shortness of breath, chest tightness or pain, coughing (especially at night or early in the morning), and difficulty performing normal activities due to breathing difficulties. Asthma symptoms can vary in severity and may worsen during asthma attacks or exacerbations.

Example sentence: She experienced wheezing and shortness of breath during her asthma attack.

Question 24

What is a UTI?

Answer 24

A UTI, or urinary tract infection, is an infection that affects any part of the urinary tract, including the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra.

Example sentence: She was diagnosed with a UTI after experiencing frequent urination and abdominal pain.

Question 25

What are the common symptoms of UTI in children?

Answer 25

Common symptoms include frequent urination, painful urination, urgency to urinate, abdominal or pelvic pain, foul-smelling or cloudy urine, fever, and in younger children, irritability or feeding difficulties.

Additional information: Some children may also experience vomiting or diarrhea as symptoms of UTI.

Question 26

What are the risk factors for UTI in children?

Answer 26

Risk factors may include being female, being uncircumcised (in males), having a history of UTIs, structural abnormalities in the urinary tract, constipation, and incomplete bladder emptying.

Example sentence: The pediatrician explained that structural abnormalities in the urinary tract could increase the risk of UTI in children.

Question 27

How is UTI diagnosed in children?

Answer 27

Diagnosis typically involves a urine test to check for the presence of bacteria and white blood cells in the urine. In some cases, imaging studies such as ultrasound or voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) may be done to evaluate the urinary tract for any structural abnormalities.

Additional information: The urine sample may be collected through clean-catch or catheterization methods.

Question 28

What is the treatment for UTI in children?

Answer 28

Treatment usually involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection. The choice of antibiotic and duration of treatment depend on factors such as the child’s age, the severity of the infection, and the presence of any underlying conditions.

Example sentence: The doctor prescribed a 7-day course of antibiotics to treat the child’s UTI.

Question 29

What are some nursing interventions for children with UTI?

Answer 29

Nursing interventions may include educating the child and family about the importance of completing the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, promoting adequate fluid intake to flush bacteria from the urinary tract, encouraging good hygiene practices such as wiping from front to back after using the toilet, and providing comfort measures to alleviate pain or discomfort during urination. Additionally, nurses may monitor the child’s response to treatment, assess for any complications, and provide support and reassurance to the child and family throughout the treatment process.

Additional information: Nurses play a crucial role in the holistic care of children with UTI, ensuring their well-being and recovery.