Preschool/School Age Flashcards
A nurse is discussing genetic disorders with a local community group. Which of the following statements would the nurse make during the presentation?
a. Down syndrome is most likely to appear during the preschool years.
b. Hemophilia is most likely to appear during the preschool years.
c. Cystic fibrosis is most likely to appear during the preschool years.
d. Multiple sclerosis is most likely to appear during the preschool years.
C. Cystic Fibrosis
The genetic problems most likely to appear during the preschool years are cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, fragile X syndrome, Williams syndrome, and autism.
Which of the following foods will a 5-year-old child need help eating?
a. Pudding
b. Macaroni and cheese
c. Chicken breast
d. Jelly sandwich
C. Chicken breast
The preschooler will need help with the chicken. In the later preschool years, most children need help cutting meats.
A 4-year-old boy had an episode of enuresis. Which of the following actions should be taken by the parents?
a. Have him change his own pajamas before returning to bed.
b. Take away one video game.
c. Tell his 6-year-old sister about the incident.
d. Make him wear his diaper to bed.
A. Have him change his own pajamas before returning to bed.
They should be responsible for changing their own clothes and reminded gently and encouragingly of ways to avoid problems in the future. The parents should have the child change his own pajamas before returning to bed after the episode of enuresis. Preschoolers should not be ridiculed nor punished. For this reason, choices “B,” “C,” and “D” are inappropriate.
Which sleep ritual is age appropriate for a preschooler?
a. Asking for every light in the home to be turned on at bedtime
b. Saying good night to all 20 stuffed animals in the room before going to sleep
c. Going right to sleep
d. Asking the parent to read multiple books on the bookshelf before going to bed
b. Saying good night to all 20 stuffed animals in the room before going to sleep
An age-appropriate sleep ritual for a preschooler is to say good night to all 20 stuffed animals in the room before going to sleep. Preschoolers have longer, more rigid bedtime rituals than toddlers. They prolong bedtime routines, which for them generally last about 30 minutes. Reasonable rituals should be honored. Unreasonable rituals such as choices “A” and “D” are not appropriately implemented. Choice “C” is not a bedtime ritual.
Autism disorder is common and is invariably encountered by nurses providing care for children. Which of the following statements is correct concerning this disorder?
a. It is caused by maternal drug abuse especially cocaine during the in utero period.
b. It is caused by child vaccines.
c. It is considered as a genetically determined disorder.
d. It is more common with children who had high Apgar scores as newborns.
c. It is considered as a genetically determined disorder.
Autism disorder is considered as a genetically determined disorder and is only rarely associated with non-genetic risk factors, such as maternal valproic acid use during pregnancy, congenital rubella, and cerebral palsy.
During a well-child visit, parents report to the nurse that they are concerned that their 8-year-old son has started wetting the bed at night. Which of the following statements should the nurse make to the parents?
a. “I’ll be sure to mention this to the doctor; we rarely see a child who wets the bed at this age.”
b. “There is not much you can do to stop this problem until he gets older.”
c. “This is a common disease in children his age but there are treatment options.”
d. “I’m going to collect a urine sample from him and then we will talk about bed wetting.”
D. “I’m going to collect a urine sample from him and then we will talk about bed wetting.”
Enuresis should not be considered a disease but a variation of normal development. Evaluation of these children begins with a urine culture to rule out urinary tract infection. If no infection exists or symptoms persist after treatment, then the intervention is focused on increasing fluid intake to prevent “holding” and establishing a voiding routine of every 2 h, with a conscious effort to empty the bladder completely.
Each of the following children visits the school nurse on a regular basis. Which of these children would the nurse identify as being at risk for a learning disability and suggest follow-up care?
a. 9-year-old whose parents recently divorced
b. 10-year-old who is inattentive and fidgets constantly
c. 12-year-old with a 4000-word vocabulary
d. 11-year-old who scored 102 on an IQ test
B 10-year-old who is inattentive and fidgets constantly
A 10-year-old who displays hyperactive and/or inattentive behavior should have follow-up care. Hyperactivity may indicate ADHD, which would require follow-up care and potential educational difficulty. An environmental deficit such as a divorce may cause school difficulty for a child, but this does not indicate a learning disability. The average vocabulary for a 12-year-old is 4000 words. A score of 102 on an IQ test falls within the average range of 90 to 110.
