Preschool Cognitive Flashcards
What is Symbolic Representation
use of symbols in the forms of actions images or words to repersent events or experiences
can not yet manipulate and transform information in a logical way
it allows preschoolers to think about something not immediately present
why is symbolic representation important
Language and pretend play
what are preschoolers cognitive skills
they use language to understand the world but are egocentric
they focus on the here and now
thinking is influenced by perceptions and the inability to look at more than one dimension at a time
Operations are logical mental actions
they can imagine something rather than doing it also solve problems plan actions by manipulating the steps mentally
are limited as they think in the here and now
look at things from a superficaial level and focus on one aspect of an experience at a time
are better able to use and manipulate symbols to think and learn words objects and behaviours that represent something else
what is egocentrism
failure to distinguish the symbolic viewpoints of others from one’s one viewpoints
what is precausal thinking
describes the way in which preoperational children use their own existing ideas or views
what is animistic thinking
belief that inianimate objects have life like quailites
what is artifcialism
tendency of young children to believe that they or others can cause naturally occuring events
what is the ability to understand false beliefs
in false belief situations the child has accurate information about a situation that another person doesn’t
how do preschoolers see mental states
begin to see how mental states help explain people’s behaviours
what is memory for young preschoolers
remember 3-4 unrelated things at a time
difficulty retelling stories and events
thinkers associate by emotions and visuals
what is memory for older preschooler
may remember 5-6 unrelated items
can remember sequence of simple stories and events and retell them in the correct sequence
how is young preschoolers numeracy skills
understand more and less and quantitys up to three or four
how is older preschoolers numeracy skills
better able to use actual numbers to make comparisons
understand last number when counting the total
may begin to understand addition or subtraction
what is classification for young preschoolers
will have difficulty sorting objects because they will change the method of sorting
what is classification for older preschoolers
will easily sort objects
what is attention span
it increases throughout this period
how long can young preschoolers have an attention span
may sit in a circle for 10 minutes
how long an attention span can older preschoolers have
easily handle 20 minutes
what is conservation
it is the avility to understand the wuantity of something remains the same regardless of how it appears
does conservation require logical thinking and do they happen right away
yes it does but it does not appear until school age years
slowly acquired through the late preschool years
do younger preschoolers understand time
has a very limited understanding of time may know what comes next in the schedule
do older preschoolers understand time
may be able to use a clock to help with important items during the day
do younger preschoolers understand problem solving
still very much into trial and error although past experiences will help them make decisions in similar situations
Do older preschoolers understand how to problem solving
are more likely to use past knowledge to help them solve new problems begun to develop stratigies for solving problems
what happens when the egocentrism slowly decreases
improvements in mental representation
true make believe play develops
dual represntation develops