Preschool

Question 1

Meaning of “Cognitive”

Answer 1

Is a term used in psychology to describe anything related to thinking, learning, and understanding

Question 2

De-centre meaning

Answer 2

A central change strategy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, is a process of stepping outside of one’s own mental events leading to an objective and non-judging stance towards the self

Question 3

What is Object Permanence?

Answer 3

Is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched

Question 4

What are the stages of Piaget’s Stage Theory of Cognitive Development?

Answer 4

Sensorimotor Stage
(0-2 years old), Preoperational Stage
(2-7 years old),
Concrete Operational Stage
(7-11 years old)
Formal Operational Stage (12 years and older)

Question 5

Sensorimotor Stage

Answer 5

(0-2 years old)

• Know the world through movements and sensations
• Learn about the world through basic actions such as sucking, grasping, looking, and listening
  Learn that things continue to exist even when they cannot be seen (object permanence)
• Realize that they are separate beings from the people and objects around them
• Realize that their actions can cause things to happen in the world around them

Question 6

Preoperational Stage

Answer 6

(2-7 years old)
- Begin to think symbolically and learn to use words and pictures to represent objects
- Tend to be egocentric and struggle to see things from the perspective of others
- Getting better with language and thinking, but still tend to think in very concrete terms

Question 7

Concrete Operational Stage

Answer 7

(7-11 years old)
- Begin to think logically about concrete events
- Begin to understand the concept of conservation; that the amount of liquid in a short, wide cup is equal to that in a tall, skinny glass, for example
Thinking becomes more logical and organized, but still very concrete
- Begin using inductive logic, or reasoning from specific information to a general principle

Question 8

Formal Operational Stage

Answer 8

(12 years and older)
- Begins to think abstractly and reason about hypothetical problems
- Begins to think more about moral, philosophical, ethical, social, and political issues that require theoretical and abstract reasoning
- Begins to use deductive logic, or reasoning from a general principle to specific information

Question 9

What is Vygotsky Socio-Cultural Theory?

Answer 9

Learning is culturally dependent, with individuals from different cultures learning differently.

Question 10

What is language?

Answer 10

verbal, vocabulary, social talk and non-verbal behaviour

Question 11

What are Cognitive Skills?

Answer 11

thinking, reasoning, problem-solving, computing, creativity and imagination

Question 12

What are Physical Skills?

Answer 12

fine motor skills and gross motor skills

Question 13

What are Social Skills?

Answer 13

Friendship, leadership, conflict management

Question 14

What are Emotional skills?

Answer 14

Recognizing, managing, communicating and using emotions in self and others. Empath, positive regard and being genuine.

Question 15

What is the Zone of Proximal Development?

Answer 15

The zone of proximal development is an area of learning that occurs when a person is assisted by a teacher or peer with a higher skill set.[1] The person learning the skill set cannot complete it without the assistance of the teacher or peer. The teacher then helps the student attain the skill the student is trying to master, until the teacher is no longer needed for that task