Pres Res: Biocompatibility of Biomaterials Flashcards
Biological performance in a specific application that is judged suitable for that suitable for that site/situation.
Biocompatible
The interaction between materials and living systems which takes into account: 1. Host response 2. Materials response
Biological performance
The local and systemic response, other than the intended therapeutic response, of the living system to the material.
Host response
ex: inflammation, immune response
Response of the material to the living system
Materials response
Ex: corrosion, fracture of a crown
In order for a material to be biocompatible, it must be: (7)
- Non-toxic
- Biochemically compatible
- Non-irritable
- Non-carcinogenic
- Non-immunogenic
- Bio-adhesive
- Non-mutagenic
Release of nocous substances, antigens, or other toxic chemicals that leads to inflammation, necrosis or rejection.
Incompatible
Ex: Mercury, lead, particulate debris
Release of ions or other constituents influencing the surrounding tissue in an unfavorable, but still tolerable manner.
Sufficiently compatible
Ex: Amalgam, PMMA (denture resin), Stainless Steel
Release of ions or other constituents not influencing the surrounding tissue appreciably.
Compatible or biocompatible
Ex: porcelain, noble metal and alloys
No adverse reaction or release of ions or constituents.
Bioinert
Ex: high purity alumina and ceramics
Positive interaction with tissue differentiation (more healing). Direct bonding of tissue to implant.
Bioactive
Ex: Calcium Phosphates, CaOH and MTA Cements
If neutrophils are present:
Infection or toxicity
If eosinophils are present:
Humoral immunological response.
If monocytes and macrophages present:
Chronic inflammation.
If lymphocytes are present:
With plasma cells= humoral response
W/O plasma cells= cell mediated response
If foreign-body giant cell (Multinucleated giant cell) present:
Chronic inflammation
3 phases for neoplastic transformation and growth:
- Initiation (Nucleation)
- Latent Period (Resting)
- Promotion (Growth)
Phase which produces the primary cellular transformation. Cells enter a latent period and do not ordinarily develop into a tumor.
- Initiation
Phase where a period of time between initiation and growth (promotion), estimated to be 15-20 years in humans, but may be as long as 40 years.
- Latent period
Phase which is characterized by the development of previously transformed cells into an active visible tumor.
- Growth
Type of response where an antibody recognizes specific antigens:
Humoral
Rare for synthetic biomaterial- usually on natural materials
Type of response where the product of cell-mediated immunity is the accumulation of T- lymphocytes and macrophages in response to the antigen.
Cell-mediated
Commonly observed in immune responses to synthetic biomaterials.
