Preparing amines Flashcards
How do you make aliphatic amines?
Reacting a suitable haloalkane with NH3
What is the equation for alkylation to make ethyl amine?
CH3CH2Br + 2NH3 -> CH3CH2NH2 + NH4Br
What are the reagents for alkylation?
Excess ammonia in ethanol
What are the condition for alkylation?
Heat in sealed tube and under pressure
What the three things you need for alkylation?
Excess ammonia, ethanol and in a tube
Why do you need excess ammonia for alkylation?
Avoid amine acting as a nucleotide and forming a 2˚ amine
Why do you need ethanol for alkylation?
Use as a solvent to avoid H2O acting as a competing nucleophile and forming alcohol
Why do you need to do alkylation in a tube?
Cannot use reflux as NH3 will not condense ad is lost
How do you make aromatic amines (arylation)?
Reducing a nitroarene
What is the equation for arylation?
Nitrobenzene + 6[H] -> Aminobenzene + 2H2O
What are the reagents for arylation?
Tin metal and conc. HCL
What is the structure of an amino acid?
C bonded to H and R group, also bonded to carboxylic acid and NH2
What are physical properties of amino acids?
Higher MP and BP and often exist as an ion
How do amino acids form an ion?
-COOH donates proton to form COO- ion and N in NH2 has lone pair so acts as a base and accepts H+
