Preparation, Pitch, Rehabilitation Flashcards
Assessment notes?
Case study Oral presentation 15 minutes + 5 minutes answering questions
Title - A systematic and critical evaluation of an individuals athletes journey from injury/illness to return to competition with a critical appraisal of the value of periodic medical assessment (screening)
Plan is due 17th Feb 1 x A4
for the definition of athlete make it very specific, have tournaments based around them
Start simple then get more complex
BULLET POINT STATEMENTS ARE NEEDED don’t listen to powerpoint
HAVE THE INJURY SPECIFIC TO SPORT
Could create theoretical data and work out ACWR
Critically evaluate the data as well
Utilise epidemiology study a lot
Find a case study to guide the process
Load Definition?
The sport and non-sport stress applied to the human as a stimulus to a human biological system or whole organism
Loading key features?
Rapid changes in training and competition load, competition calendar congestion, travel, psychological load
different types of loads?
1) Training Load
* The cumulative amount of stress placed on an individual from single or multiple training sessions over a period of time.
2) Competition Load
* The cumulative amount of stress placed on an individual from single or multiple competitions over a period of time, including stress imposed directly by exertion in a single sport or competition and indirectly by factors such as the frequency or saturation of events, the duration of the season or the number of days of the competition, and travel associated with competition.
3) Non-Sports Load
* The cumulative amount of stress placed on an individual from non-sport activities, including any physiological and psychological stimuli / stressors outside of sport.
- External Load
- Any external stimulus applied to the athlete that is measured independently of their internal
characteristics. - Typically quantified as training or competition load of an athlete e.g. distance run, watts produced, hours of training, number of games, frequency of events (bowling overs, tackles, high-speed runs).
- Internal Load
- Resulting physiological and psychological responses in each individual to the external load, following
interaction with, and variation in, several other biological and environmental factors. - Typically quantified as the absolute or relative physiological or psychological response of the athlete to external load e.g. heart rate, blood biomarkers, perception of effort, mood, perceived stress.
A given external load will elicit different internal responses in each athlete based on an individual’s characteristics:
Physical fitness
* Training status
* Injury status / history * Fatigue
* Nutritional status
* Genetics
* Load history
* Psychosocial factors
What’s load management?
- Load management
- The appropriate prescription, monitoring, and adjustment of external and internal loads.
- Load mismanagement
- Inappropriate prescription, monitoring, or adjustment of external and internal loads, leading to maladaptation in the athlete.
Load and recovery?
Load: provides the stimulus for biological adaptation Recovery: required for biological adaptation to occur
Load a double edged sword?
- Adaptation
- A positive change in the biological system in response to external loading and
adequate subsequent recovery. - Maladaptation
- A negative change in the biological system in response to external loading and/or inadequate recovery.
- Recovery
- The full return of the biological system to homeostasis without maladaptation.
Whats functional overreaching?
A deliberate accumulation of load during a training cycle aimed at enhancing performance.
* The accumulated training load can result in a short-term decrement in performance capacity; however, when appropriate periods of recovery are provided, physiological responses will compensate the training-related stress and lead to enhanced performance compared to baseline levels, often labelled ‘super-compensation’.
Non functional overreaching?
- Intentional increased loading or training that results in physiological or physical maladaptation.
- It is a state of extreme overreaching, which will lead to a stagnation or decrease in performance that will not resume for several weeks or months.
- Eventually, after sufficient rest, the athlete will be able to fully recover.
Overtraining syndrome?
Prolonged maladaptation of the athlete, with negative changes in markers of performance and several biological, neurochemical and hormonal regulation mechanisms, occurring in some athletes after periods of excessive loading and non-functional overreaching; however, with a multifactorial aetiology.
How does load relate to injury and illness?
- Injury
- Any physical complaint that results from competition or training, regardless of its
consequence on sports participation or performance. - Illness
- A new or recurring symptomatic sickness or disease, or the presence of sub- clinical immunological precursors of symptomatic illness, that was incurred during competition or training, and either receiving medical attention or was self- reported by athletes, regardless of the consequences with respect to absence from competition or training.
Triple role of load?
- Exposure: to training and competition load.
* Manner in which athletes are exposed to external risk factors and through which
they are exposed to potential inciting events.
* Greater exposure = greater risk. - Fitness: positive adaptations associated with training.
* Improves modifiable internal risk factors offering a protective effect.
* Aerobic capacity, strength, body composition, skill level, decision making.
* Increased fitness = greater resilience and protection, and reduced risk of injuries. - Fatigue: negative consequences associated with training.
* Temporarily causing decreased capacity in modifiable internal risk factors.
* Micro-damage,tissueresilience,neuromuscularcontrol,muscleforcedevelopment& contraction velocity, passive tissue loading, kinetics, kinematics, neural feedback.
* Increased fatigue = greater risk of injuries.
Load injury paradox?
- High training and competition load associated with increased injury risk. * Greater exposure = greater risk modified by greater fatigue.
- High training and competition load associated with reduced injury risk. * Greater exposure = greater risk but modified by protective effect of increased
fitness and resilience. - Acute spikes in weekly load hypothesised as best indicator of injury risk * Week-to-week load changes >10-15%
How to work out acute:chronic workload ratio?
acute is the work done that week
chronic is average of last 4 weeks
acute/chronic = ratio
Implications
Avoid load ‘spikes’
Gradual progression is key
Weekly progression ≤10%
Acute:chronic ratio ≤1.5
