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Critical Thinking and Logic > Prep Test > Flashcards

Prep Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is Critical Thinking?

A

“The art of thinking about thinking while thinking in order to make thinking better.”

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2
Q

What are the 3 dimensions of critical thinking?

A

Analyzing, Evaluating, and Improving

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3
Q

What is weak sense critical thinking?

A

Involves self centeredness- is more interested in winning arguments in order to look good. They are not fair mindedness.

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4
Q

What is strong sense critical thinking?

A

Involves fair mindedness- they emphasize an ethical empathy for other points of view.

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5
Q

What are the intellectual virtues?

A

Humility, courage, empathy, integrity, perseverance, confidence in reason, and intellectual autonomy

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6
Q

What is intellectually humble?

A

Is to admit that one does not know certain things, admit one’s own ignorance.
Vice: Intellectual Arrogance, leads people to overestimate what they know.

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7
Q

What is intellectual courage?

A

As the ability to confront new ideas and beliefs even when it might seem painful.
Vice: Intellectual cowardice, Is afraid of view and ideas that do not conform their own.

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8
Q

What is intellectual empathy?

A

Listening to others point of view in a sincere attempt to understand others.
Vice: Intellectual self centeredness, inability to sincerely listen to others point of view.

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9
Q

What is intellectual integrity?

A

The ability and desire to impose on one’s self the same intellectual requirements or criteria that one imposes on others.
Vice: Intellectual dishonesty, do not correct the flaws in their own thinking.

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10
Q

What is intellectual perseverance?

A

Marked by endurance which is needed in order to complete the difficult intellectual tasks.
Vice: Intellectual laziness, giving up easily when confronted with intellectually difficult task.

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11
Q

What is confidence in reason?

A

Means thinking clearly, By the belief that reason or logic can best serve the interest of the individual as well as society.
Vice: Distrust of reason, does not see the need to defend beliefs in a rational and logical way.

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12
Q

What is Intellectual automony?

A

Autonomy= freedom, being free to reason for one’s self
Vice: Intellectual conformity, “going along” with popular and majority opinions.

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13
Q

What are the elements of reasoning?

A

Purposes
Questions
Assumptions
Implications
Information
Concepts
Inferences
Points of View

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14
Q

What are the Standards of reasoning?

A

Clarity
Accuracy
Precision
Relevance
Depth
Breadth
Logic
Significance
Fairness

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15
Q

Standards of reasoning

A

The way we assess (good or not) our reasoning to determine how well we are reasoning.

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16
Q

Elements of reasoning

A

Are the fundamental or most basic parts of thought.

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17
Q

What are the 3 categories of questions?

A

Questions of fact
Questions of preference
Questions of judgement

18
Q

What are questions of fact?

A

Questions that have one single correct answer
Ex: What is the capital of France?

19
Q

What are questions of preference?

A

An individual’s subjective taste
Ex: What is the best type of coffee?

20
Q

What are questions of judgement?

A

Questions that concern problems that involve several factors and variables.
Ex: How do we end poverty in the United States?

21
Q

What is the common factor method?

A

Can be applied when we know that the effect involves several factors or variables which share a specific characteristic at the level of effect.

22
Q

What is the single difference method?

A

Focuses on what might be different in one circumstance as opposed to another that might help to explain a given effect.

23
Q

What is concomitant variation?

A

There’s a change that is a variation at the level of causation which causes a change at the level of effect.

24
Q

What is the process of elimination?

A

Several possibilities are eliminated and we are left with only one possible cause.

25
Q

What is evidence?

A

Is a kind of information that prove something to be true or shows it to be false.

26
Q

What is sources of evidence?

A

Are how evidence can manifest itself or where evidence may come from.

27
Q

What is quantitative?

A

Is evidence having to do with numbers.

28
Q

What is Qualitative evidence?

A

Relies on observation, even first hand personal observation.

29
Q

What is analogy?

A

Is the source of evidence where two things are compared in order to prove something (comparison)

30
Q

What is intituion?

A

Is a “hunch” or a gut feeling

31
Q

What is personal observation?

A

Is what we see at first hand

32
Q

What is appeal to authority?

A

Is citing an authority (or expert) in order to justify a claim.

33
Q

What is case example?

A

Is a person’s or a group’s account of something.

34
Q

What is testimonial evidence?

A

Is an accounts of someone else’s personal experience or observations

35
Q

What is research studies?

A

Are systematic ways to find out if something is true or not.

36
Q

What is independently verifiable?

A

That there are other sources which can attest to its truth.

37
Q

What does it mean when evidence is objective?

A

It cannot contain any bias and its truth can also be verified in different ways.

38
Q

What is internal consistency?

A

Has to do with point of view

39
Q

What is statistics?

A

Is defined as the collection, organization, and analysis of quantitative data

40
Q

What is egocentrism?

A

A tendency to view everything in relation to one’s self (selfish)

41
Q

What is sociocentrism?

A

Is the belief that the group that one belongs to is superior to other groups.

42
Q

What is the logic of the disciplines?

A

IS essentially composed of the elements that are outlined.

Critical Thinking and Logic (1 decks)

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