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Chem 232 > Prep Activities > Flashcards

Prep Activities Flashcards

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1
Q

How to calculate formal charge

A

valence electrons - non-bonded electons - bonds

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2
Q

Methane

A

CH4

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3
Q

Ethane

A

CH3CH3

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4
Q

Propane

A

CH3CH2CH3

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5
Q

Butane

A

CH3(CH2)2CH3

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6
Q

Pentane

A

CH3(CH2)3CH3

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7
Q

Hexane

A

CH3(CH2)4CH3

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8
Q

Heptane

A

CH3(CH2)5CH3

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9
Q

Octane

A

CH3(CH2)6CH3

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10
Q

Alkane

A

Contains only C-C and C-H single bonds

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11
Q

Alkene

A

C=C bond

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12
Q

Alkyne

A

A C≡C bond

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13
Q

Benzene

A

A 6 carbon ring with 3 pi bonds

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14
Q

Alkyl Functional Groups

A

Alkane, Alkene, Alkyne, Benzene

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15
Q

Carbonyl Functional Groups

A

C=O bond, Aldehyde, Ketone, Carboxylic Acid, Ester

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16
Q

Aldehyde

A

Carbonyl flanked by C and H

17
Q

Ketone

A

Carbonyl flanked by two C atoms

18
Q

Carboxylic Acid

A

Carbonyl flanked by a C atom and OH

19
Q

Ester

A

Carbonyl flanked by a C atom and OC

20
Q

Alcohol

A

An OH group single bonded to C

21
Q

Ether

A

An O attached to two C atoms

22
Q

Epoxide

A

A 3-membered ring containing one O and two C atoms (subtype of ether)

23
Q

Amine

A

An N atom single bonded to some combination of three C and H atoms

24
Q

Polarizability

A

The ability of an electron cloud to distort (squishy, fluid). Increases down a column, as size of electron cloud increases.

25
Q

Nonpolar Covalent bond

A

Electrons shared equally, difference in electronegativity is small ie. C-C and C-H

26
Q

Polar Covalent Bond

A

Electrons shared unequally (ie. C=O and C-Cl)

27
Q

Ionic Bond

A

Bond is due to electrostatic attraction, difference in electronegativity is large (ie. NaOH and LiNH2)

28
Q

Van der Waals

A

spontaneous distortion of e- cloud creates a temporary dipole, weakest interaction

29
Q

Dipole-dipole Interactions

A

Permanent dipole

30
Q

Hydrogen Bonding

A

Permanent dipole in O-H, N-H, or F-H bond, strongest interaction

31
Q

Determining dominant resonance contributor steps

A
  1. Alls atoms satisfy octet/duet rules
  2. Number of charges is minimized
  3. Charges agree w/ electronegativity trends
  4. Opposite charges close together, same charges far apart
32
Q

Conformational Changes

A

Atoms and bonds between atoms are the same but rotations, dial turns, and pancake flips occur.

33
Q

Isomer

A

Same molecular formula, different arrangement of atoms

34
Q

Constitutional Isomer

A

Positions of or connections between atoms change

35
Q

Stereoisomer

A

Connections between atoms stays same but position in space changes

Chem 232 (3 decks)

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