Prenatal Stage

Question 1

The process of fertilisation

Answer 1

1. Sperm is deposited in the vagina
2. Sperm travels through the cervix and into the uterus
3. Spurn travels through the uterus into the fallopian tubes
4. Sperm releases and enzymes to break down the outer membrane of the ovum
5. One sperm penetrates the outer membrane of the ovum
6. The ovum releases electrical impulses to prevent any other sperm from entering
7. Genetic material from the sperm (23 chromosomes) and ovum (23 chromosomes) fuse to create one full cell (23 pairs of chromosomes / 46 total) known as a zygote

Question 2

Where does fertilisation occur?

Answer 2

Fertilisation occurs in females for fallopian tubes

Question 3

In-Vitro Fertilisation

Answer 3

IVF involves extracting ova from the woman’s ovaries are mixing them with sperm outside the woman body.

If a zygot is created in this way, it can be implanted in the woman’s uterus.

Question 4

What are the three stages of the prenatal stage?

Answer 4

Germinal (0 to 2 weeks)
Embryonic (3 to 8 weeks)
Foetal (9 to 40 weeks)

Question 5

Germinal stage

Answer 5

Begins at fertilisation and ends with implantation

The germinal stage of prenatal development sees the single-celled morula develop into a multi-called blastocyst

Question 6

Amniotic fluid

Answer 6

The fluid surrounding the embryo/Foetus that protects the unborn baby

Question 7

Blastocyst

Answer 7

A cluster of cells in which some cell differentiation has occurred

Question 8

Endometrium

Answer 8

The nutrient rich lining of the uterine wall in which the ovum (blastocyst) embeds or that is expelled every month if pregnancy does not occur

Question 9

Implantation

Answer 9

Occurs when a cluster of cells that will become an embryo attaches itself to the endometrium

Question 10

Jaundice

Answer 10

A condition that can affect newborn babies. Symptoms may included a yellow tinge to the skin and whites of eyes, drowsiness, feeding difficulties and dark urine

Question 11

Mandatory fortification

Answer 11

A law that requires certain nutrients to be added to specific foods during drproduction

Question 12

Morula

Answer 12

Hey salad bowl of cells are created from zygote

Question 13

Placenta

Answer 13

And organ that allows the transfer of nutrients, gases and wastes between the mother and foetus
(Nutrients and oxygen by blood supply of mother)

Connects the foetus to the uterine wall of the mother providing it with nutrients and oxygen and removing it’s waste products

The placenta is an organ attached to the lining of the womb during pregnancy which is linked to the baby by the ambilical cord.

Question 14

Teratogen

Answer 14

Anything in the environment of the embryo that can cause defects in development.
Examples include tobacco smoke, alcohol, selfish, prescription medication and some diseases like measles

Question 15

Zygote

Answer 15

A full cell resulting from the fusion of the sperm and ovum

Question 16

Embryonic stage

Answer 16

Embryonic stage starts at plantation and ends at the eight week of pregnancy.

This stage is characterised by cell differentiation.
Cell start taking on specialised roles such as heart soul skin cells and bone cells.

Question 17

Feotal stage

Answer 17

Begins at the ninth week of pregnancy and continues until birth.

Stage is characterised by rapid growth and development milestones may occur