Prenatal/Newborn Flashcards
In late pregnancy __________ is,
~Primarily made up of fetal urine & lung fluid
~Fluid will increase in volume
~Then decreases slowly by the 40th Week
AMNIOTIC FLUID
~The inner membrane surrounding the fetus
~Where the fetus floats
~Protects the embryo from organisms that might infect
the Mother’s cervix
~Important for hormone production
~Plays a role in the onset of labor
AMNION
Expelled when baby is delivered
PLACENTA
What supplies food to and carries wastes away from
the fetus?
The Woman’s Blood
The naval, or the site where the umbilical cord is
joined to the fetus
UMBILICUS
Substance that protects the cord
Wharton’s Jelly
The unborn offspring in the post embryonic period
(7-8 weeks after fertilization), which develops in the
uterus. This period lasts from the beginning of
week 9-birth
FETUS
How is gestation/pregnancy divided?
Three–3 month periods or
3 Trimesters
Connects the fetal blood vessels contained in the villi
of the placenta to those in the fetal body. Consists of
2 arteries and one large vein twisted around
each other
UMBILICAL CORD
What is the total length of Gestation?
~40 Weeks
~10 Lunar Months
~9 Calendar Months
The now implanted Morula is called an ________?
EMBRYO
An organ joining woman and fetus during pregnancy
~Rich Blood Supply
~Carries away waste for excretion by the Mother
~Supplies food and oxygen
~Slows maternal immune response so the fetal tissue
is not rejected
~Produces hormones that help maintain the
pregnancy
PLACENTA
The fertilized ovum/zygote is the?
Beginning of potential Human Development
What determines the basic embryonic structure?
GENES
Is carried down the fallopian tubes and into the uterus;
the uterus has prepared, as it’s lining becomes rich
with nutrients
MORULA
Cell that results from the fusion of two mature germ
cells. Is the beginning of potential individual human
development and divides rapidly until it forms a ball of
about 16 identical cells
ZYGOTE
Fluid filled sac that surrounds the Fetus?
AMNION
The critical stage of pregnancy. All the organs and
structures of the human are formed (conception-8th
week). This time is vulnerable due to potentially
harmful influences that could cause congenital defects,
birth defects, and effect the development of the fetus
EMBRYO STAGE
The Zygote is now called _______ after dividing rapidly?
MORULA
~Embryo is .75 cm to 1cm in length
~Foundations for the nervous system, GI system, skin,
bones, and lungs are formed
~Buds of arms and legs begin to form
4 WEEKS
~Embryo is 2.5cm in length and weigh 4g ~Embryo is markedly bent ~Head is large in size owing to brain development ~Sex differentiation begins ~Centers of the bone ossify ~Heart pulsates
8 WEEKS
3 factors that can cause defects?
~Congenital Defects (defective gene)
~Environmental Factors (tobacco, alcohol)
~Medications (effect development)
What are the most common congenital birth defects?
~Heart Defects
~Cleft lip/palate
~Down Syndrome
~Spina Bifida
What is a defective gene responsible for?
Congenital Defects
What is the “head to toe principle”?
Growth and development follow a predictable pattern,
literally from “head to toe”
~Provides protection (cushions the fetus from injury)
~Regulates temperature
~Allows for movement by the fetus (allows normal
musculoskeletal development)
Amniotic Fluid
Mucous layer of the uterus, which forms the maternal
portion of the placenta during pregnancy (lining of the
uterus)
ENDOMETRIUM
Passageways for the ova between the ovaries and the
uterus.
FALLOPIAN TUBES (oviduct)
The union of two cells the ovum and sperm. Usually occurs 2 weeks after a woman’s last normal menstrual
period, and when the ovum is in the outer third of the
fallopian tube.
FERTILIZATION/CONCEPTION
Male cell/Y Chromosome
SPERM
Female cell/X Chromosome
OVUM
Before birth
PRENATAL
The branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy
and birth
OBSTETRICS
A pregnant woman
GRAVIDA
Pregnancy is also called?
ANTEPARTUM
How long is a trimester?
3 MONTHS
Begins on the first day of the woman’s last period and
ends on the last day of week 13
FIRST TRIMESTER
Includes weeks 14-27
SECOND TRIMESTER
Begins at week 28 and extends until the pregnancy is expected to end/40 weeks
THIRD TRIMESTER
The period of time that occurs from the moment of
conception (sperm fertilizes egg) until the birth of the
newborn. It’s 40 weeks long.
GESTATION
A new organism that has implanted in the first stage of development (conception-about 8th week)
EMBRYO
CEPHALOCAUDAL
Means growth and development follows a predictable
“head to tail” pattern before and after birth
~Fetus is 7cm-9cm long and weighs 28g ~Fingers/Toes are distinct ~Placenta is complete ~Fetal circulation is complete ~Organ systems are complete
12 WEEKS
~Fetus is 10cm-17cm long and weighs 55g-120g ~Sex is differentiated ~Rudimentary Kidneys secrete urine ~Heartbeat is present ~Nasal septum and palate closes
16 WEEKS
~Fetus is 25cm long and weighs 223g
~Lanugo convers entire body
~Fetal movements are felt by Mom
~Heart sounds are perceptible by auscultation
~First point where fetus is considered viable
20 WEEKS
~Fetus is 28cm-36cm long and weighs 680g
~Skin appears wrinkled
~Vernix Caseosa appears
~Eyebrows/fingernail develop
24 WEEKS
~Fetus is 35cm long and weighs 1,200g ~Skin is red ~Pupillary membrane disappears from eyes ~Fetus has excellent chance of survival ~Eyes open/close
28 WEEKS
~Fetus is 38cm-43cm long and weighs 1,500-2,500g ~Fetus is viable ~Eyelids open ~Fingerprints are set ~Vigorous fetal movements occur
32 WEEKS
~Fetus is 42cm-49cm long and weighs 1,900-2,700g
~Face/body have a loose wrinkled appearance
(subcutaneous fat deposit)
~Lanugo starts to disappear
~Amniotic Fluid decreases
36 WEEKS
~Fetus is 48cm-52cm long and weighs 3,000g
~Skin is smooth
~Eyes are uniformly slate colored
~Bones of skull are ossified/nearly together at sutures
40 WEEKS
When is a fetus viable?
A viable fetus of less than 24 weeks is UNUSUAL and will need significant healthcare resources for maintenance
of life.
When is the Critical Phase of Human Development?
The first 8 weeks of pregnancy (all major systems of
the embryo develop during this time)
A change is body size and structure
GROWTH
A change in function
DEVELOPMENT
________ and ______ occurs in an orderly sequence
: a person must accomplish a simple developmental task
before attempting another
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
“Head to Tail” (baby lifts it’s head up before sitting up)
CEPHALOCAUDAL
CEPHALO
HEAD
CAUDAL
TAIL
“Center to outside” (babies roll over before grasping
small items)
PROXIMODISTAL
PROXIMO
CENTER
DISTAL
OUT/OUTSIDE (furthest form an origin of the part)
Growth and Development progresses from _____ to _____
Simple to more complex
Who/What is involved/influence an infant’s growth and development?
~Involves the entire child and family
~Culture, ethnicity, and religion can influence the process
~It is inclusive and holistic
~Genetic factors inherited from the parents
All aspects of growth and development are influenced
by each other (child cannot control bowel movements (developmental) until the muscles are mature enough (growth) this is called?
INTERDEPENDENT
A human being in the first 4 weeks of life
NEWBORN
A newborn in the first 28 days of life
NEONATE
The babies reactions to both _____ and ________
help the child to grow and develop physically, socially,
intellectually, and emotionally
Internal and External Stimuli
What is the caregiver’s main focus on of a newborn?
Safety and the babies ability to thrive
What are the characteristics of a newborn?
~Weight ranges from 5.5-9.5lbs (healthy)
~Average weight is 7.5lbs, girls tend to weigh less
~Length varies from 18-22in, boys tend to be longer
~Head is large (avg 13-14in)
~Chest is a little smaller (10-22in)
~Lanugo may be seen on the face, shoulders, back
~Typically sleep 17 hrs a day, but awaken easliy
~Cry when hungry or uncomfortable
~Can see shades of light and darkness
~Can hear at birth
~Touch is well developed
~Taste and smell are less well known
“Soft spots” that are formed at the junctions of the individual skull bones. Do not fuse completely before birth to allow for passage through the birth canal
FONTANEL
Thin fine downy hair that covers the body of the fetus
LANUGO
What is it called when they accomplish skills and abilities in predictable patterns and within general age-specific timeframes
ORDERLY SEQUENCE
When stroked on the lip or cheek, the newborn reacts by turning the head toward the direction of the stimulus
ROOTING REFLEX
Newborn tightly grasps finger or other object placed into his/her hand
PALMER GRASP REFLEX
Sudden noises or jarring movements cause the newborn
to throw out the arms and to draw up the legs
MORO’S/STARTLE REFLEX
When the newborn is lying on the back and turns the head to one side, the leg and arm of that side extend, and those of the opposite side flex
TONIC NECK REFLEX
Hold the newborn’s foot and stroke up the lateral edge and across the ball of the foot. The big toe fans out and hyper extends in a positive response
BABINSKI REFLEX
The newborn steps with one foot and then the other, when held upright with the feet touching a surface
STEPPING REFLEX
As the newborn grasps the nipple with the lips, sucking should be automatic
SUCKING REFLEX
Existing at birth (may be genetic/inherited or acquired
CONGENITAL
What are some Caregiver tips?
~Ensure the newborn’s safety and ability to thrive
~Need to be able to recognize each child’s unique natural abilities
~The challenge of parenting is to help children develop in such a way that they maintain their eagerness to learn
~Understanding normal patterns for growth and developments are important; that way you are more apt to catch a delay in learning or abnormal behavior quickly
