Prenatal development and Infancy

Question 1

What are schemes?

Answer 1

mental structures which categorize info based on similarity

Question 2

Critiques to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?

Answer 2

1) did not discuss peer influences
2) underestimates infants’ competence

Question 3

Up to how many weeks can six-month olds remember objects?

Answer 3

Two weeks

Question 4

What does Bayley’s scale of infant and toddler development aim to do?

Answer 4

Bayley’s scale tests the neurobiological function of infants and toddlers

Question 5

When can babies recognize words in sentences?

Answer 5

Babies can recognize words in sentences around 6-8 months.

Question 6

When does a baby usually say their first word?

Answer 6

Around 12-18 months

Question 7

What are some benefits of raising a bilingual child?

Answer 7

1) better metalinguistic abilities
2) lower risk of dementia
3) better executive functioning

Question 8

What is mitosis?

Answer 8

Mitosis is cell division in two identical cells.

Question 9

What is meiosis?

Answer 9

Meiosis is cell division into four daughter cells.

Question 10

What percentage of pregnancies end in a miscarriage?

Answer 10

15% of pregnancies end in a miscarriage

Question 11

What is one issue with a cross-sectional design?

Answer 11

Cross-sectional designs do not tell us about the consistency of individual changes

Question 12

What are some issues with longitudinal designs?

Answer 12

Longitudinal designs take too long and can lead to an attrition bias.

Question 13

What is a sequential research design?

Answer 13

A sequential design is when participants of different age groups are followed over time

Question 14

The health of neonates is assessed using this scale

Answer 14

Apgar score

Question 15

What classifies as a low birth weight?

Answer 15

A low birth weight is under 2.5kg

Question 16

Complications that can arise from a very low birth weight:

Answer 16

1) Long-term health issues
2) Learning difficulties
3) Sensorimotor impairments

Question 17

If the Apgar score Is below 3, then the neonate is said to be in…

Answer 17

A baby with an Apgar score of 3 or below is in critical condition

Question 18

What percentage of mothers are affected by postpartum depression?

Answer 18

13% of mothers are affected by postpartum depression

Question 19

What are some ways to reduce SIDS?

Answer 19

1) Placing the baby to sleep on their stomachs
2) Not smoking around the baby
3) Keeping the crib free of any choking or asphyxiation hazards

Question 20

What are benefits of breastfeeding for the mother?

Answer 20

1) Breastfeeding reduces the risk of ovarian and breast cancer
2) Shrinks the uterus post-delivery

Question 21

When does myelination of neurons involved in hearing occur?

Answer 21

Myelinations of auditory neurone occurs in the 6th month of pregnancy

Question 22

What is the most dominant sense 5-6 months after birth?

Answer 22

Vision

Question 23

What is the most developed sense of a newborn?

Answer 23

At birth the most developed sense is touch

Question 24

When do infants learn to grasp objects?

Answer 24

Infants learn to grasp objects around 4-6 months

Question 25

When do newborns learn to walk?

Answer 25

Newborns can fully walk around 12-15 months

Question 26

When do newborns learn to climb steps?

Answer 26

Newborns can climb up steps by the time they are two years old

Question 27

When does an infant’s depth perception start to develop?

Answer 27

Infants can notice depth by the time they are able to crawl (6-8 months)

Question 28

What is habituation?

Answer 28

Habituation is the process of becoming attuned to a stimuli and thus paying giving it less attention

Question 29

The return to a genetically determined pattern of growth after a period of sensory deprivation is:

Answer 29

canalization