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Physio OB Midterm > Prenatal Care > Flashcards

Prenatal Care Flashcards

1
Q

Amenorrhea

During the first month of pregnancy, such episodes are likely the consequences of

A

Blastocyst implantation

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2
Q

Amenorrhea

Should generally prompt evaluation for an abnormal pregnancy

A

First trimester bleeding

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3
Q

Lower reproductive tract changes

Vaginal mucosa appears dark bluish, red and congested

A

Chadwick sign

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4
Q

Lower reproductive tract changes

Softening of the vaginal portion of the cervix from increased vascularization

A

Goodell sign

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5
Q

Lower reproductive tract changes

Softening in the consistency of the uterus

A

Hegar sign

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6
Q

Lower reproductive tract changes

When uterine body and cervix can easily be flexed against one another

A

McDonald sign

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7
Q

Lower reproductive tract changes

As symetrical softened enlargement of the uterine corner caused by placental development

A

Piskacek sign

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8
Q

Lower reproductive tract changes

May cause similar softening

A

Estrogen progestin contraceptives

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9
Q

Associated with pregnancy affects the consistency and microscopic appearance of cervical mucus

A

Increase in progesterone secretion

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10
Q

Typically seen in the mid portion of the menstrual cycle, makes pregnancy unlikely

A

Fernlike pattern

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11
Q

Uterine changes

During bimanual examination

A

It feels doughy or elastic

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12
Q

Uterine changes

Marked that the cervix and uterine body seem to be separate organs

A

Isthmic softening

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13
Q

Uterine changes

Uterine body is almost globular, with an average diameter of 8cm.

A

By 12 weeks gestation

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14
Q

Uterine changes

A soft blowing sound that is synchronous with maternal pulse

A

Uterine soufflé

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15
Q

Uterine changes

A sharp, whistling sound that is synchronous with the fetal pulse

A

Funic soufflé

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16
Q

Uterine changes

It is produced by the passage of blood through the dilated uterine vessels and is heard most distinctly near the lower portion of the uterus

A

Uterine soufflé

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17
Q

Uterine changes

Rush of blood through the umbilical arteries and may not be heard consistently

A

Funic soufflé

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18
Q

Breast and skin changes

Less obvious in

A

Multiparas

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19
Q

Breast and skin changes

Maybe absent during pregnancy and may also be seen in women taking

A

Estrogen containing contraceptives

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20
Q

Fetal movements

Maternal perception of fetal movement depends on factors such as

A

Parity and habitus

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21
Q

Fetal movements

Perceive between

A

16 and 18 weeks of gestation

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22
Q

Fetal movements

Primigravida may not appreciate fetal movement until

A

20 weeks

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23
Q

Pregnancy test

Basis of endocrine assays of pregnancy

A

HCG

Urine

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24
Q

Pregnancy test

Alpha sub unit of HCG is identical to

A

LH
FSH
TSH

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25
Q

Pregnancy test

HCG prevents involution of the corpus luteum, which is the principal site of progesterone formation during

A

First 6 weeks of pregnancy

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26
Q

Pregnancy test

Produce HCG amounts that increase during first T

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

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27
Q

Pregnancy test

HCG can be detected in maternal serum or urine

A

8-9 days after ovulation

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28
Q

Pregnancy test

Doubling time of HCG

A

1.4-2.0

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29
Q

Pregnancy test

HCG peak

A

60-70days

30
Q

Pregnancy test

HCG plateau

A

16 weeks

31
Q

Measurement of HCG

Before 8 weeks

A

Syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast

32
Q

Measurement of HCG

After 8 weeks

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

33
Q

Measurement of HCG

Antibodies were developed with high specificity for

A

Beta subunit

34
Q

Sonography recognition of pregnancy

Commonly used to accurately establish gestational age and confirm pregnancy location

A

Transvaginal sonography

35
Q

Sonography recognition of pregnancy

First sonographic evidence of pregnancy
4-5 weeks AOG

A

Gestational sac

36
Q

Sonography recognition of pregnancy

Seen in ectopic pregnancy

A

Pseudo gestational sac

37
Q

Sonography recognition of pregnancy

Normal gestational sac implants

A

Eccentrically in the endometrium

38
Q

Sonography recognition of pregnancy

Pseudo sac is seen in the

A

Midline of the endometrial cavity

39
Q

Sonography recognition of pregnancy

An anechoic center surrounded by a single echogenic rim

A

Intra decidual sign

40
Q

Sonography recognition of pregnancy

Two concentric echogenic rings

A

Double decidual sign

41
Q

Sonography recognition of pregnancy

Equivoloc findings

A

Pregnancy of unknown location

42
Q

Prenatal record

Not pregnant nor ha been pregnant

A

Nulligravida

43
Q

Prenatal record

Buntis o nabuntis irrespective to outcome

A

Gravida

44
Q

Prenatal record

First pregnancy

A

Primigravida

45
Q

Prenatal record

With successive pregnancy

A

Multigravida

46
Q

Prenatal record

Never completed a pregnancy beyond 20 weeks

A

Nullipara

47
Q

Prenatal record

Delivered only once

A

Primipara

48
Q

Prenatal record

Completed two or more pregnancies to 20 weeks gestation or more

A

Multipara

49
Q

Prenatal record

Determined by number of pregnancy reaching 20 weeks

A

Parity

50
Q

Normal pregnancy duration

Mean duration

A

First day of the last menstrual period is very close to 280 days or 40 weeks

51
Q

Normal pregnancy duration

Naegele rule formula

A

-3 +7 +1 from the first day of last menstrual period

52
Q

Normal pregnancy duration

Assumes pregnancy begun approximately 2 weeks before ovulation but not always the case

A

Gestational menstrual age

53
Q

Normal pregnancy duration

Assumes pregnancy begun after the start of LMp
Used by embryologist

A

Ovulation/ fertilization age

54
Q

1st trimester

A

Up to 14 weeks

55
Q

2nd trimester

A

Up to 28 weeks

56
Q

3rd trimester

A

Up to 42 weeks

57
Q

Pathological mechanism of cigarette smoking

A

Increased carboxyhemoglobin
Reduced utero placental blood flow
Direct toxic effect of nicotine
Fetal nicotine exposure > maternal

58
Q

Clinical evaluation

Perform as part ofthe evaluation

A

Pelvic examination

59
Q

Clinical evaluation

Bluish red passive hyperemia of the cervix

A

Chadwick sign

60
Q

Clinical evaluation

Dilated, occluded cervical glands bulging beneath the ectocervical mucosa

A

Nabothian cysts

61
Q

Clinical evaluation

The cervix is not normally dilated except at the

A

External OS

62
Q

Clinical evaluation

To identify cytological abnormalities
Done during 1st prenatal visit

A

Pap smear

Include
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrheae

63
Q

All pregnant women should be screened for these at the first visit

A

Hep B
Syphilis
Rubella

64
Q

Most accurate tool for gestational age assignment and is performed as clinically indicated

A

First trimester crown rump length

65
Q

Can also provide an estimated gestational age, but with declining accuracy

A

Sonographic interrogation

66
Q

6 weeks AOG

A

Uterine size ORANGE

67
Q

8 weeks AOG

A

Uterine size LARGE ORANGE

68
Q

12 weeks of AOG

A

Uterine size GRAPE fruit

69
Q

Presumptive sign

A 
Amenorrhea
NV
Change in breast size
Increase urinary frequency
Fatigue
70
Q

Probable sign

A 
Enlargement of uterus
Hegar sign
Chadwick sign
Goodell sign
Piskacek sign
HCG
Chloasma 
Linea Nigra
Quickening
71
Q

Positive sign

A

FHT
Leopolds maneuver
Fetal outline on X-RAY

72
Q

Amenorrhea

Not reliable pregnancy indicator until

A

10 days or more after expected menses

Physio OB Midterm (6 decks)

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