Premid Spec Flashcards
Is a function of the concentration pf the chemical species which absorbs the radiant energy
Intensity of transmitted radiant energy
Analytical methods based on the absorption of radiant energy are called
Absorptimetric methods
absorptimetric methods which utilize the visible region of the spectrum are call
Colorimetric methods
The enzyme glucose catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to
gluconic and hydrogen peroxide
Color of glucose in a solution? And may be determine by?
Colorless,
Urine
The color and intensity of the transmitted radiant energy are a measure of concentration and are determined by comparison with a________ or more accurately using an instrument called_______
Color chart
Spectrometer
May be defined as methods of analysis
which deals with the measurment of spectra. It may be thought of a generic term which embraces the many aspects involved in these measurements. In pharmaceutical analysis the more common measurements which are made of spectra and which are aspects of spectrometry are
(1) measurements of the position (wavelength) in the electromagnetic spectrum where radiant energy has interacted with a chemical species and (2) measurement of the power of transmitted, fluorescent, reflected, or emitted energy.
Spectrometry
is the term used to define the complete system of energy propagated in wave form. Energy of this nature is referred to as radiant energy and appears in such apparently different forms as sunlight, color, radio waves, etc. It must be understood, however, that these many apparently different forms of radiant energy have related properties.
Electromagnetic spectrum
The equation which relates one form of radiant energy to another is
where c = velocity of light (3.00 x 100 cm/s) v = frequency
Hz λ = wavelength, cm
c = vλ
refers to energy in the uv, visible, and ir regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Radiant energy
is a branch of spectrometry which embraces the measure- ment of the absorption, by chemical species, of radiant energy of definite and narrow wavelength, approximating monochromatic radiation.
Spectrophotometry
is radiation of a “single” wavelength. In actual practice monochromatic radiation is obtained by using a prism or diffraction grating and consists of more than a single wavelength. The usual spectral region isolated in better commercial spectrophotometers ranges from 0.5 to 10 nm, which approximates monochromatic radiant energy-
Monochromatic radiation
On the basis of the simple theory of wave motion, the length of a complete wave or cycle, from the peak of one wave to the peak of the next, is called the ___________; it can be accurately measured.
Wavelength
The units of wavelength measurement generally used in spectrometry are the
micrometer um, which is equal to 10-4 cm,
the nanometer (nm), which is equal to 107 cm,
less frequently the angstrom (A), which is equal to 10-8 cm.
_______may be defined as a functional group which absorbs in the uv or visible regions of the spectrum.
chromophore
is a branch of spectrophotometry in which the absorption measurement is made in the visible region of the spectrum.
Colorimetry
are often used even though a compound (or its colored derivative) analyzed absorbs in the uv region.
Colorimetric methods
are terms used to designate instruments which have a radiant energy-dispersing device, such as a prism or grating, and the associated electronics which permit the measurement of wavelength and radiant power. These instruments may be either manually operated or automatic recording instruments.
Spectrophotometer and spectrometer
are terms used to designate instruments which have the necessary electronics to permit measurement of radiant power but which use a filter instead of a prism or diffraction grating for the purpose of increasing the sensitivity of the measurement.
Colorimeter and filter photometer
