Premenstrual and Reproductive Syndromes Flashcards
What is pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS)?
A collection of physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms that occur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and resolve shortly after menstruation starts.
When do PMS symptoms typically begin and resolve?
Onset: 1–2 weeks before menstruation.
Resolution: Within a few days of menstruation starting.
PMS symptoms occur during the __________ phase of the menstrual cycle.
Luteal phase
What are common physical symptoms of PMS?
Breast tenderness
Bloating
Headaches
Fatigue
Joint or muscle pain
What are common psychological symptoms of PMS?
Mood swings
Irritability
Anxiety
Depression
Crying spells
What are common behavioral symptoms of PMS?
Food cravings
Difficulty concentrating
Sleep disturbances
Social withdrawal
How is PMS diagnosed?
PMS is diagnosed based on cyclic symptoms that occur in the luteal phase and resolve with menstruation. Symptom tracking over 2–3 cycles may help confirm the diagnosis.
What are the differential diagnoses for PMS?
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Thyroid dysfunction
Endometriosis
How does PMDD differ from PMS?
PMDD is a severe form of PMS with prominent mood symptoms that interfere significantly with daily life.
What are non-pharmacological management options for PMS?
Lifestyle changes: Regular exercise, balanced diet, stress management.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).
Symptom tracking for awareness and management.
What are pharmacological management options for PMS?
SSRIs: First-line for psychological symptoms.
Combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP): Can help regulate hormones.
NSAIDs: For pain relief.
Diuretics: May reduce bloating.
__________ are the first-line treatment for severe psychological symptoms in PMS.
SSRIs
How does the combined oral contraceptive pill help in PMS?
The COCP suppresses ovulation, which can reduce cyclic hormone fluctuations and PMS symptoms.
True/False
Q: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a mild form of PMS.
False – PMDD is a severe form of PMS that significantly impairs daily life.
