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Oral Path 2 > Premalignant, Malignant and Melanocytic Lesions > Flashcards

Premalignant, Malignant and Melanocytic Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

Sharply demarcated white patch of the oral mucosa that cannot be wiped off AND cannot be diagnosed clinically as any other condition.

A

Leukoplakia

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2
Q

What is the most common site for Leukoplakia?

A

buccal mucosa

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3
Q

What is the worldwide prevalence of leukoplakia?

A

1.5-4.3%

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4
Q

What are the high risk sites for Leukoplakia?

A

Ventral tongue, floor of mouth, soft palate/ tonsillar pillars

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5
Q

___% of non-dysplastic leukoplakia will transform if not treated.

A

15%

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6
Q

___% of dysplastic leukoplakia will transform

A

33%

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7
Q

__% of leukoplakia will recur (even after complete clinical excision)

A

30%

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8
Q

Leukoplakia which grows laterally and involves multiple sites

A

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL)

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9
Q

Velvety well-demarcated asymptomatic red patch that cannot be diagnosed as any other condition clinically or microscopically

A

Erythroplakia

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10
Q

Soft palate gets white and feels like “piano wires”; may cause limitation upon opening

A

Oral submucous fibrosis

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11
Q

Premalignant sun-induced skin lesion; scaly plaque with sandpaper texture with/without an erythematous base

A

Actinic keratosis

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12
Q

Chronic scaling, crusting and ulceration or fissuring of the lip from UV damage. May also have vertical dermatoglyphics or atrophy of vermillion zone.

A

Actinic cheilitis

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13
Q

White or gray corrugated tissue that does not disappear when stretched. A “pouch” may be noted and can either be thin and translucent or thick and white.

A

Tobacco Pouch Keratosis

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14
Q

Most common skin cancer

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

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15
Q

2nd most common skin cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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16
Q

3rd most common skin cancer

A

Melanoma

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17
Q

Most common oral malignancy

A

Oral squamous cell carcinoma

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18
Q

Firm, pearly, opalescent painless papule with central umbilication- ulcerates and can bleed, intermittently- pt may think they scratched or shaved over it.

A

Nodulo-ulcerative BCC

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19
Q

Uniform dark staining basaloid cells that appear to “drop off”. Large lobules of tumor cells

A

Nodulo-ulcerative BCC

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20
Q

Large lobules of tumor cells invading the superficial CT with colonization of benign melanocytes causing a pigmented lesion.

A

Pigmented BCC

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21
Q

Lesion feels firm and resembles a scar due to induction of collagen formation by tumor cells- difficult to assess borders. Most aggressive form.

A

Sclerosing (morpheaform) BCC

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22
Q

Tiny infiltrative nests of tumor cells in a collagenous background

A

Sclerosing (morpheaform) BCC

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23
Q

What % of Basal Cell Carcinomas appear on the head & neck region and what is the high risk area?

A

80%; middle 1/3 of the face or “mask area”

24
Q

Where does squamous cell carcinoma arise from?

A

Surface epithelium/ epidermis but on rare occasions- salivary ductal epithelium

25
Q

Where does basal cell carcinoma arise from?

A

basal cells of the epidermis

26
Q

What % of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas appear on the head & neck region?

A

70%

27
Q

Plaque, papule or nodule with variable degrees of scale on crust; non-healing ulcer, often with an erythematous base located on the skin. (Well-differentiated histologically.)

A

Cutaneous Squamous cell carcinoma

28
Q

Rough, scaly, often ulcerated, slow growing; arises in setting of actinic cheilitis.

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip

29
Q

What % of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are associated with tobacco use?

A

75-80%

30
Q

What % of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are not associated with any identifiable risk factors?

A

25%

31
Q

What is the most common site for oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC)?

A

Tongue (esp. posterior/ventral/lateral)

32
Q

What are the differential diagnoses for oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC)?

A 
Non-specific ulcer
Specific infections (TB, syphilis, histoplasmosis); Immune-mediated (Wegener's granulomatosis, Crohn's )
33
Q

Little islands and nests of malignant epithelial cells arising from the dysplastic epithelium.

A

Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC)

34
Q

Intrinsic risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC)

A

Malnutrition
Iron deficiency anemia
Immunosuppression

35
Q

Pack/ year TOB equation

A

(#packs of cigarettes/day) x (# of years smoked)

36
Q

dermatologic term for “freckles”

A

Ephelis (pl: ephelides)

37
Q

harmless melanocytic macular lesions that appear on sun-exposed skin “age spots” or “liver spots”

A

Actinic lentigo (pl: lentigines)

38
Q

<7mm demarcated macule on the lip or oral mucosa- female predilection

A

Melanotic macule

39
Q

Most common of all human “tumors”

A

Acquired Melanocytic Nevus

40
Q

Risk for malignant transformation from an individual cutaneous nevus to melanoma.

A

1 in 3,000-10,000

41
Q

Very large “bathing trunk nevus” or “garment nevus” in 1% of newborns.

A

Congenital Melanocytic Nevus

42
Q

Bluish-gray <1cm macule or papule seen cutaneously (hands, feet, scalp, face) or intraorally usually in children or young adults.

A

Blue Nevus

43
Q

dendritic melanocytes running parallel to the surface

A

Blue Nevus

44
Q

What % of skin cancer deaths are due to melanoma?

A

75%- the 3rd most common skin cancer but the most deaths happen because of it

45
Q

What are the high risk sites for melanoma?

A

BANS- back, arms, neck, scalp

46
Q

large macular lesion with irregular borders and uneven pigmentation- melanoma in a purely radial growth phase (melanoma-in-situ)

A

Lentigo Maligna “Hutchinson’s freckle”

47
Q

When a previously flat lentigo maligna becomes nodular signaling vertical growth (~15 years)

A

Lentigo Maligna Melanoma

48
Q

A macule or plaque that begins to exhibit classic clinical features (ABCDE’s)

A

Superficial Spreading Melanoma (15-20% H&N)

49
Q

A rapidly growing, deeply pigmented nodule- almost immediate vertical phase.

A

Nodular Melanoma (33% H&N)

50
Q

Most common form of oral melanoma; more aggressive than cutaneous.

A

Acral Lentiginous Melanoma

51
Q

Most common site for an acral lentiginous melanoma

A

Hard palate/ maxillary alveolar mucosa

52
Q

What is the prognosis & 5 year survivial for oral melanoma?

A

POOR; 5- year survival ~10-25%

53
Q

What is the most common oral site of a blue nevus?

A

Palate

54
Q

Where does Sanguinaria primarily affect?

A

Maxillary buccal gingiva and vestibule

55
Q

What % of leukoplakias show hyperkeratosis without epithelial dysplasia?

A

80%

Oral Path 2 (1 decks)

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