PRELIMS: UE Shoulder Flashcards
❓ What is Cleidocranial Dysostosis?
➡️ A congenital disorder characterized by partial or complete absence of clavicles, skull abnormalities, and other bone changes.
❓ What are the key features of Cleidocranial Dysostosis?
Absent or underdeveloped clavicles
Narrow and flat upper chest
Autosomal dominant inheritance
Delayed ossification of fontanelles
Coxa vara (hip deformity)
Imperfect pubic ossification
Spinal segmentation abnormalities
What is a key characteristic of Cleidocranial Dysostosis?
Narrow and flat upper chest
Cleidocranial Dysostosis is inherited in which pattern?
Autosomal dominant
❓ What is Sprengel’s Deformity?
➡️ A congenital condition where the scapula is positioned higher than normal.
❓ What are the clinical features of Sprengel’s Deformity?
Scapula is elevated 1-4 inches above normal
Inferior angle rotated medially
Asymmetrical shoulders
Restricted shoulder abduction
Associated with scoliosis and torticollis (10% of cases)
Defective development of upper ribs and cervical vertebrae
Sprengel’s Deformity is characterized by which of the following?
a) Hypermobile scapula
b) Low-set scapula
c) Congenital high scapula
d) Enlarged clavicle
c) Congenital high scapula
What is the primary limitation in shoulder movement seen in Sprengel’s Deformity?
a) External rotation
b) Flexion
c) Adduction
d) Abduction
d) Abduction
❓ What is an Omovertebral Bone?
➡️ An abnormal extra bone that forms a connection between the lower cervical vertebra and the scapula.
The omovertebral bone is an abnormal connection between which two structures?
Lower cervical vertebra and scapula
❓ Why does supraspinatus tendinitis cause a painful arc?
➡️ The inflamed tendon presses against the acromion during abduction.
❓ What is a classical sign of supraspinatus tendinitis?
➡️ Painful arc between 60° and 120° of resisted shoulder abduction.
➡️ A condition where nerves and blood vessels are compressed in the thoracic outlet, leading to radiating upper limb pain.
Thoracic Outlet syndrome
❓ What are the common causes of TOS?
Cervical ribs (extra ribs arising from C7)
Compression between clavicle and first rib
Scalene muscle tightness
❓ What are the clinical tests for TOS?
Adson’s Test: Patient extends neck, turns toward affected side, and holds breath → Positive if radial pulse weakens
Eden’s Test (Costoclavicular Maneuver): Pull shoulders back (military posture) → Positive if radial pulse decreases
Wright’s Test (Hyperabduction Test): Arm abducted → Positive if radial pulse weakens
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome can be caused by which of the following?
a) Shortened clavicle
b) Cervical ribs
c) Long spinous processes
d) Increased thoracic kyphosis
b) Cervical ribs
Which clinical test is used to assess for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?
a) Neer’s Test
b) Adson’s Maneuver
c) Hawkins-Kennedy Test
d) Lachman Test
b) Adson’s Maneuver
A 10-year-old child presents with a narrow chest, absent clavicles, delayed fontanelle closure, and difficulty lifting heavy objects—what is the most likely diagnosis?
Cleidocranial Dysostosis
A 7-year-old girl has asymmetric shoulders, limited shoulder abduction, and a high-riding scapula on X-ray—what congenital condition does she likely have?
Sprengel’s Deformity
A 30-year-old athlete experiences numbness, tingling, and weakness in the arm, especially when raising it overhead, with a diminished radial pulse on Adson’s Test—what is the diagnosis?
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
A patient with congenital high scapula and restricted shoulder movement has an abnormal bony connection between the cervical spine and scapula—what is this bony anomaly called?
Omovertebral Bone
A 45-year-old office worker reports pain when lifting their arm between 60° and 120°, which improves beyond 120°—what is the most likely diagnosis?
Supraspinatus Tendinitis
