PRELIMS REVIEWER

Question 1

All living organisms grow and develop over time. Growth involves an increase
in size and often a change in structure

Answer 1

Growth

Question 2

The ability to produce offspring that are similar to the parents. This can be sexual or asexual.

Answer 2

Reproduction

Question 3

The sum of all chemical reactions in an organism that provide energy and materials for growth and repair.

Answer 3

Metabolism

Question 4

The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions (e.g., temperature regulation).

Answer 4

Homeostasis

Question 5

The transmission of genetic information from parents to offspring

Answer 5

Heredity

Question 6

The ability to respond to environmental changes or stimuli (e.g., moving towards light).

Answer 6

Response to Stimuli

Question 7

The idea that life was created by a divine being or supernatural force. This theory is often associated with religious beliefs

Answer 7

Special Creation

Question 7

The principle that life arises from pre-existing life. This is supported by experiments like those conducted by Louis Pasteur

Answer 7

Biogenesis

Question 8

: The hypothesis that life originated from non-living matter through natural processes, such as chemical evolution. This theory supports the idea that life began on Earth spontaneously

Answer 8

Abiogenesis

Question 9

The concept that the Earth’s features and life forms were shaped by a series of catastrophic events (e.g., natural disasters). This theory contrasts with
uniformitarianism, which suggests gradual changes over time

Answer 9

Catastrophism

Question 10

The notion that life has always existed in some form and has not undergone significant change. This idea is less supported by current scientific evidence.

Answer 10

Eternity of Life

Question 11

The view that life has evolved through both gradual changes and sudden catastrophic events. This integrates elements of gradualism and catastrophism.

Answer 11

Cosmozoic Theory

Question 12

Common in unicellular organisms (e.g., bacteria), where the cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

Answer 12

Binary Fission

Question 13

A new organism grows from a bud on the parent organism and eventually separates (e.g., yeast, hydras)

Answer 13

Budding

Question 14

: The parent organism breaks into fragments, each capable of growing into a new organism (e.g., starfish).

Answer 14

Fragmentation

Question 15

: Development of an offspring from an unfertilized egg (e.g., some reptiles and insects).

Answer 15

Parthenogenesis

Question 16

Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation through processes such as crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis.

Answer 16

Genetic Diversity

Question 16

The fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote. This process involves meiosis to produce gametes with half the number of
chromosomes.

Answer 16

Fertilization

Question 17

Asexual Reproduction Advantages

Answer 17

Rapid reproduction, less energy required, and no
need for a mate. Ideal for stable environments where genetic uniformity is beneficial.

Question 18

Sexual Reproduction Advantages

Answer 18

Greater genetic diversity, which enhances
adaptability and survival in changing environments. However, it requires more time and
resources.

Question 19

what are the two types of STD prevention

Answer 19

Barrier Methods
Vaccinations

Question 20

Prevent the exchange of bodily fluids and reduce the risk of STD transmission. Also effective in preventing unintended pregnancies.

Answer 20

condoms

Question 21

Used during oral sex to prevent the spread of STDs.

Answer 21

dental dams

Question 22

Protects against strains of _ that cause
genital warts and certain cancers

Answer 22

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 23

Protects against the _ virus, which can cause liver disease.

Answer 23

Hepatitis B

Question 24

Often asymptomatic but can cause reproductive issues if untreated. Treated with antibiotics.

Answer 24

Chlamydia

Question 24

what are the two types of STD

Answer 24

Bacterial STDs
Viral STDs

Question 25

Can lead to severe complications if not treated, such as infertility. Also treated with antibiotics

Answer 25

Gonorrhea

Question 26

Causes painful sores; managed with antivirals but
not curable.

Answer 26

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV):

Question 27

Affects the immune system; managed
with antiretroviral therapy (ART) but not curable.

Answer 27

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV):

Question 27

Provides knowledge on STD prevention, safe sex practices, and the importance of regular screenings.

Answer 27

Sexual Health Education:

Question 28

Can cause liver damage; managed with antiviral medications

Answer 28

Hepatitis C

Question 29

Essential for early detection and treatment of STDs,
reducing the risk of complications and transmission.

Answer 29

Regular Health Screenings

Question 30

Ensures that sexual partners are aware of potential exposure and can get tested and treated, helping to prevent further spread.

Answer 30

Partner Notification

Question 31

Stigma can deter individuals from seeking medical care, get tested, or disclose their STD status. This can lead to delayed treatment and increased risk of
transmission.

Answer 31

impacts of stigma