Prelims reviewer Flashcards
1
Q
What are three types of knowledge?
A
Intuitive knowledge
borrowed knowledge
nursing knowledge
2
Q
a knowledge that is based on personal insight, and gut feelings.
A
intuitive knowledge
3
Q
A knowledge acquired from other
discipline or sources outside of nursing
A
Borrowed Knowledge
4
Q
A specialized knowledge and skills that
nurses acquire through educations,
training, and experience.
A
Nursing Knowledge
5
Q
A knowledge that is based on scientific principles, evidence-based practices (empirical), and theoretical frameworks
A
Nursing Knowledge
6
Q
A knowledge that offers a broader scope
A
Borrowed Knowledge
7
Q
What are the eras of nursing theory?
A
curriculum era
research era
graduate education era
theory era
theory utilization era
8
Q
The years in which the curriculum era took place
A
1900-1940s
9
Q
The years in which the research era took place
A
1950-1970s
10
Q
The years in which the graduate education era took place
A
1950-1970s
11
Q
The years in which the theory era took place
A
1980-1990s
12
Q
The years in which the theory utilization era took place
A
21st century
13
Q
Focuses on practical skills and hands-on
learning.
A
curriculum era
14
Q
About what courses nurses should take
and content they should study.
A
curriculum era
15
Q
Research courses were included in
nursing education.
A
research era
16
Q
Nurses began to participate on research.
A
research era
17
Q
Expansion of graduate level nursing
education nationwide.
A
graduate education era
18
Q
Focus on specialization and advance
clinical skills.
A
graduate education era
19
Q
Began to include courses in concept
development and nursing models.
A
graduate education era
20
Q
Focus on the understanding the unique
nature of nursing as a profession.
A
theory era
21
Q
Application of nursing theories to improve
patient care and outcomes.
A
theory era
22
Q
Emphasis on applying theories and
evidence-based practices in clinical
settings.
A
theory utilization era
23
Q
Using nursing theories to guide research
and improve patient outcomes.
A
theory utilization era
24
Q
Application of reason and logic to the
process of learning.
A
rationalism
25
Derived from experience and
experimentation.
empiricism
26
Implies firsthand observation and
experimentation being the source of
knowledge.
empiricism
27
Fact that can be proven, derived from
verifiable evidence and visible facts.
positivism
28
Dominant view of modern science.
positivism
29
A state of bodily balance that could be achieved through behavioral and medical actions.
The Hippocratic concept of health
30
Health depends upon a state of equilibrium.
The Hippocratic concept of health
31
The ______ started the
ministry of caring for the sick and
hungry.
Alexian Brothers
32
When did the Alexian Brothers started the ministry of caring for the sick and
hungry?
1259
33
The _______ was formed in Spain.
Hospitaller Brothers of St.
John of God
34
When was the Hospitaller Brothers of St.
John of God was formed in Spain.
1550
35
________ cared for the
sick and dying at St. James’
Hospital in Rome.
St. Camillus de Lellis
36
When did St. Camillus de Lellis cared for the
sick and dying at St. James’
Hospital in Rome.
1550-1614
37
_________ founded the
Daughter of Charity that women
began to play a larger role in
organized nursing.
St. Vincent de Paul
38
When did St. Vincent de Paul founded the
Daughter of Charity that women
began to play a larger role in
organized nursing.
1633
39
_________, a nurse from
France established the Hotel-Dieu
de Montreal in Canada, the first
hospital in North America.
Jeanne Mance
40
When did Jean Mance establish the Hotel-Dieu
de Montreal in Canada, the first
hospital in North America?
1645
41
________ and ___________ opened Pennsylvania
Hospital, the nation's first hospital.
This served the poor and homeless
in Philadelphia.
Benjamin Franklin and Dr. Thomas Bond
42
When did Benjamin Franklin and Dr. Thomas
Bond opened Pennsylvania
Hospital, the nation's first hospital.
This served the poor and homeless
in Philadelphia?
1751
43
_________ recruited nurses to take
care for the sick and wounded.
They requested 1 nurse per 10
patient.
Congress
44
When did the congress reqruit nurses to take
care for the sick and wounded.
They requested 1 nurse per 10
patient?
1775
45
Discovered that the human body was
made up of systems and groups of organs
that perform specific functions.
Andreas Vesalius
46
First person to correctly describe bloods
circulation in the body.
William Harvey
47
Discovered the fundamental laws of
inheritance.
Gregor Mendel
48
Laid the foundation of genetics.
Gregor Mendel
49
Invented Germ theory of disease.
Louis Pasteur & Robert Koch
50
What did the physicians fear?
Physicians feared that nurses will replace them
if they were given too much education.
51
created a course of lectures for nurses who worked specifically with maternity patients in 1798.
Valentine Seaman (N.Y. Physician)
52
started the Nursing Society of
Philadelphia to train white working
class women to assist him caring
for mothers in childbirth in their
own homes.
Joseph Warrington (1805-1888)
53
At what year did Joseph Warrington started the Nursing Society of Philadelphia to train white working class women to assist him caring for mothers in childbirth in their own homes?
1839
54
What was the year Nightingale was born?
1820
55
On what year, who worked during the crimean war demonstrated the value of female nurses and the strict need for sanitation purposes.
1854, Florence Nightingale
56
What was Florence Nightingale worried about during the Crimean war?
She was worried that the
scattered blood everywhere will
attract bacteria and flies.
57
On what year and who established the St. Thomas Hospital at London?
1860, Florence Nightingale
58
The recipient of the
first diploma awarded by the
Nation's Fist School in Nursing.
Linda Richards, 1970
59
When and who invented the environmental theory?
1860 ,Florence Nightingale
60
When and who invented the theory of interpersonal relations?
1952 ,Hildegard Peplau
61
When and who invented the nursing need theory?
1955, Virginia Henderson
62
When and who invented the Typology of 21 Nursing Problems?
1960, Faye Abdellah
63
When and who invented the reciprocal relationship between patient?
1962, Ida Jean Orlando
64
When and who invented the Behavioral system model?
1968, Dorothy Johnson
65
A system of ideas that proposed to explain
a given phenomenon. (Kosier, 2008)
theory
66
A set of interrelated concepts that is useful
for prediction and control. (Woods &
Kantazaro, 1988)
Theory
67
A set of interrelated concepts that is useful
for prediction and control. (Woods &
Kantazaro, 1988)
theory
68
What are the 4 aspects of nursing?
Concept
Definition
Relationship
Assumption
69
components of a phenomenon to
understand a phenomenon.
concept
70
how concepts are interrelated with
each other.
relationship
71
underlying belief/statement that are
taken for granted.
assumption
72
Specifies the main concepts that
encompasses the subject matter and the
scope of disciplining.
metaparadigm
73
Patterns used to show a clear relationship
among the existing theoretical work in
nursing.
metaparadigm
74
4 key components of paradigms bordered by metaparadigms
Personal
Health
Environment
Nursing
75
Critical examination of the grounds for
fundamental beliefs and analysis of basic
concepts.
Philosophy
76
Framework providing a reference for
nurses to guide their thinking, observation,
interpretations, and practices
Nursing Philosophy
77
78
The building block of theory.
concepts
79
Representation of an idea or body of
knowledge based on the of theorists’
understanding of a phenomena.
conceptual models
80
Representation of an idea or body of
knowledge based on the of theorists’
understanding of a phenomena.
conceptual models
81
Confident understanding of a subject with
the ability to use it for a specific purpose if
appropriate.
knowledge
82
Study of origin of nursing Knowledge —
it’s structure and methods.
Nursing Epistomology
83
Having extensive information and
understanding.
Knowing
84
7 ways of knowing
personal knowledge
empirical
ethical knowledge
aesthetics
intuitive
somatic
metaphysical
85
- Gained from talk alone.
- Way in which the nurses see themselves
and clients.
- Requires empathetic participation.
personal knowledge
86
Evidence-based to know what is true and
appropriate for the patient.
empirical
87
- Knowledge between right and wrong.
- Guides nurses in making decisions,
respecting patients; their autonomy and
rights.
ethical knowledge
88
- The art of nursing.
- Making the nurse’ perception visible
through actions.
- We see the client as a very unique
individual.
aesthetics
89
Includes feelings and hunches (developed
by experience and practice).
intuitive
90
Experiential knowledge that involves
senses, perceptions, and mind-body
action and reaction.
Somatic
91
Seeking the presence of higher power
(God).
Metaphysical
92
relies on scientific evidence for guidance and
decision.
EMPIRICAL-BASED PRACTICE (EBP)
93
Enumerate the empirical-based practice:
1. Cultivate a spirit of inquiry.
2. Ask clinical questions.
3. Search for best evidence.
4. Critically appraise the evidence.
5. Integrate the evidence with clinical expertise
and client/family preferences and values.
6. Implement and evaluate the outcomes of the
intervention.
94
What are the structures of nursing knowledge?
1. metaparadigm
2. nursing philosphy
3. conceptual model
95
A self ideas that provide
structure/framework for how a discipline
should function.
metaparadigm
96
Beliefs, principles, and values that will
guide our actions and decisions.
nursing philosphy
97
- Theoretical foundation for our nursing
practice.
- Organizes or systemizes our thinking.
Conceptual model
98
What are the categories of nursing
metatheory
grand theory
middle range theory
nursing practice theory
99
Present the most global perspective of the
nursing discipline by identifying and
evaluating critical phenomena in unique
ways.
metatheory
100
from which category are these examples:?
THEORY OF NURSING
o Theory of Nursing knowledge and
practice.
o Nursing Theory of human being.
o Nursing Theory of Social Entirety.
Metatheory
101
- Framework that defines broad
perspectives for nursing practice.
- Crucial in nursing.
Grand Theory
102
From which category are these examples:?
THE THEORY OF NURSING AS CARING
o Transition Theory
o Heal Promotion Model
o Theory of culture care diversity and
universality.
o Health as expanding
consciousness human becoming.
Grand theory
103
Moderately abstract and has limited
number of variables.
MIddel range theory
104
SR.
105
- Most specific type of theory.
- Most limited scope.
- Level of abstraction and they are used
within a specific range of nursing
situations.
Nursing practice theory
106
Was created to address the differenct aspects of nursing:
D.E.P.P
Descrptive Theory
Explanatory
Predictive theory
Prescriptive theory
107
- What / Identify
- Identify properties and components of a
discipline.
Descriptive Theory
108
- How and Why
- Identifies how the properties relate to one
another.
Explanatory Theory
109
- What will happen
- Conjectures the relationship between
components of a phenomenon and
predicts when the phenomena will occur.
Predictive Theory
110
- Action-oriented / What should be done.
- Addresses therapeutics and
consequences of intervention.
Prescriptive theory
111
