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Prelims reviewer Flashcards

1
Q

What are three types of knowledge?

A

Intuitive knowledge
borrowed knowledge
nursing knowledge

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2
Q

a knowledge that is based on personal insight, and gut feelings.

A

intuitive knowledge

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3
Q

A knowledge acquired from other
discipline or sources outside of nursing

A

Borrowed Knowledge

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4
Q

A specialized knowledge and skills that
nurses acquire through educations,
training, and experience.

A

Nursing Knowledge

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5
Q

A knowledge that is based on scientific principles, evidence-based practices (empirical), and theoretical frameworks

A

Nursing Knowledge

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6
Q

A knowledge that offers a broader scope

A

Borrowed Knowledge

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7
Q

What are the eras of nursing theory?

A

curriculum era
research era
graduate education era
theory era
theory utilization era

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8
Q

The years in which the curriculum era took place

A

1900-1940s

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9
Q

The years in which the research era took place

A

1950-1970s

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10
Q

The years in which the graduate education era took place

A

1950-1970s

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11
Q

The years in which the theory era took place

A

1980-1990s

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12
Q

The years in which the theory utilization era took place

A

21st century

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13
Q

Focuses on practical skills and hands-on
learning.

A

curriculum era

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14
Q

About what courses nurses should take
and content they should study.

A

curriculum era

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15
Q

Research courses were included in
nursing education.

A

research era

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16
Q

Nurses began to participate on research.

A

research era

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17
Q

Expansion of graduate level nursing
education nationwide.

A

graduate education era

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18
Q

Focus on specialization and advance
clinical skills.

A

graduate education era

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19
Q

Began to include courses in concept
development and nursing models.

A

graduate education era

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20
Q

Focus on the understanding the unique
nature of nursing as a profession.

A

theory era

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21
Q

Application of nursing theories to improve
patient care and outcomes.

A

theory era

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22
Q

Emphasis on applying theories and
evidence-based practices in clinical
settings.

A

theory utilization era

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23
Q

Using nursing theories to guide research
and improve patient outcomes.

A

theory utilization era

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24
Q

Application of reason and logic to the
process of learning.

A

rationalism

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25
Q

Derived from experience and
experimentation.

A

empiricism

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26
Q

Implies firsthand observation and
experimentation being the source of
knowledge.

A

empiricism

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27
Q

Fact that can be proven, derived from
verifiable evidence and visible facts.

A

positivism

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28
Q

Dominant view of modern science.

A

positivism

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29
Q

A state of bodily balance that could be achieved through behavioral and medical actions.

A

The Hippocratic concept of health

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30
Q

Health depends upon a state of equilibrium.

A

The Hippocratic concept of health

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31
Q

The ______ started the
ministry of caring for the sick and
hungry.

A

Alexian Brothers

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32
Q

When did the Alexian Brothers started the ministry of caring for the sick and
hungry?

A

1259

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33
Q

The _______ was formed in Spain.

A

Hospitaller Brothers of St.
John of God

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34
Q

When was the Hospitaller Brothers of St.
John of God was formed in Spain.

A

1550

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35
Q

________ cared for the
sick and dying at St. James’
Hospital in Rome.

A

St. Camillus de Lellis

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36
Q

When did St. Camillus de Lellis cared for the
sick and dying at St. James’
Hospital in Rome.

A

1550-1614

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37
Q

_________ founded the
Daughter of Charity that women
began to play a larger role in
organized nursing.

A

St. Vincent de Paul

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38
Q

When did St. Vincent de Paul founded the
Daughter of Charity that women
began to play a larger role in
organized nursing.

A

1633

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39
Q

_________, a nurse from
France established the Hotel-Dieu
de Montreal in Canada, the first
hospital in North America.

A

Jeanne Mance

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40
Q

When did Jean Mance establish the Hotel-Dieu
de Montreal in Canada, the first
hospital in North America?

A

1645

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41
Q

________ and ___________ opened Pennsylvania
Hospital, the nation’s first hospital.
This served the poor and homeless
in Philadelphia.

A

Benjamin Franklin and Dr. Thomas Bond

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42
Q

When did Benjamin Franklin and Dr. Thomas
Bond opened Pennsylvania
Hospital, the nation’s first hospital.
This served the poor and homeless
in Philadelphia?

A

1751

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43
Q

_________ recruited nurses to take
care for the sick and wounded.
They requested 1 nurse per 10
patient.

A

Congress

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44
Q

When did the congress reqruit nurses to take
care for the sick and wounded.
They requested 1 nurse per 10
patient?

A

1775

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45
Q

Discovered that the human body was
made up of systems and groups of organs
that perform specific functions.

A

Andreas Vesalius

46
Q

First person to correctly describe bloods
circulation in the body.

A

William Harvey

47
Q

Discovered the fundamental laws of
inheritance.

A

Gregor Mendel

48
Q

Laid the foundation of genetics.

A

Gregor Mendel

49
Q

Invented Germ theory of disease.

A

Louis Pasteur & Robert Koch

50
Q

What did the physicians fear?

A

Physicians feared that nurses will replace them
if they were given too much education.

51
Q

created a course of lectures for nurses who worked specifically with maternity patients in 1798.

A

Valentine Seaman (N.Y. Physician)

52
Q

started the Nursing Society of
Philadelphia to train white working
class women to assist him caring
for mothers in childbirth in their
own homes.

A

Joseph Warrington (1805-1888)

53
Q

At what year did Joseph Warrington started the Nursing Society of Philadelphia to train white working class women to assist him caring for mothers in childbirth in their own homes?

A

1839

54
Q

What was the year Nightingale was born?

A

1820

55
Q

On what year, who worked during the crimean war demonstrated the value of female nurses and the strict need for sanitation purposes.

A

1854, Florence Nightingale

56
Q

What was Florence Nightingale worried about during the Crimean war?

A

She was worried that the
scattered blood everywhere will
attract bacteria and flies.

57
Q

On what year and who established the St. Thomas Hospital at London?

A

1860, Florence Nightingale

58
Q

The recipient of the
first diploma awarded by the
Nation’s Fist School in Nursing.

A

Linda Richards, 1970

59
Q

When and who invented the environmental theory?

A

1860 ,Florence Nightingale

60
Q

When and who invented the theory of interpersonal relations?

A

1952 ,Hildegard Peplau

61
Q

When and who invented the nursing need theory?

A

1955, Virginia Henderson

62
Q

When and who invented the Typology of 21 Nursing Problems?

A

1960, Faye Abdellah

63
Q

When and who invented the reciprocal relationship between patient?

A

1962, Ida Jean Orlando

64
Q

When and who invented the Behavioral system model?

A

1968, Dorothy Johnson

65
Q

A system of ideas that proposed to explain
a given phenomenon. (Kosier, 2008)

A

theory

66
Q

A set of interrelated concepts that is useful
for prediction and control. (Woods &
Kantazaro, 1988)

A

Theory

67
Q

A set of interrelated concepts that is useful
for prediction and control. (Woods &
Kantazaro, 1988)

A

theory

68
Q

What are the 4 aspects of nursing?

A

Concept
Definition
Relationship
Assumption

69
Q

components of a phenomenon to
understand a phenomenon.

A

concept

70
Q

how concepts are interrelated with
each other.

A

relationship

71
Q

underlying belief/statement that are
taken for granted.

A

assumption

72
Q

Specifies the main concepts that
encompasses the subject matter and the
scope of disciplining.

A

metaparadigm

73
Q

Patterns used to show a clear relationship
among the existing theoretical work in
nursing.

A

metaparadigm

74
Q

4 key components of paradigms bordered by metaparadigms

A

Personal
Health
Environment
Nursing

75
Q

Critical examination of the grounds for
fundamental beliefs and analysis of basic
concepts.

A

Philosophy

76
Q

Framework providing a reference for
nurses to guide their thinking, observation,
interpretations, and practices

A

Nursing Philosophy

77
Q
A
78
Q

The building block of theory.

A

concepts

79
Q

Representation of an idea or body of
knowledge based on the of theorists’
understanding of a phenomena.

A

conceptual models

80
Q

Representation of an idea or body of
knowledge based on the of theorists’
understanding of a phenomena.

A

conceptual models

81
Q

Confident understanding of a subject with
the ability to use it for a specific purpose if
appropriate.

A

knowledge

82
Q

Study of origin of nursing Knowledge —
it’s structure and methods.

A

Nursing Epistomology

83
Q

Having extensive information and
understanding.

A

Knowing

84
Q

7 ways of knowing

A

personal knowledge
empirical
ethical knowledge
aesthetics
intuitive
somatic
metaphysical

85
Q
  • Gained from talk alone.
  • Way in which the nurses see themselves
    and clients.
  • Requires empathetic participation.
A

personal knowledge

86
Q

Evidence-based to know what is true and
appropriate for the patient.

A

empirical

87
Q
  • Knowledge between right and wrong.
  • Guides nurses in making decisions,
    respecting patients; their autonomy and
    rights.
A

ethical knowledge

88
Q
  • The art of nursing.
  • Making the nurse’ perception visible
    through actions.
  • We see the client as a very unique
    individual.
A

aesthetics

89
Q

Includes feelings and hunches (developed
by experience and practice).

A

intuitive

90
Q

Experiential knowledge that involves
senses, perceptions, and mind-body
action and reaction.

A

Somatic

91
Q

Seeking the presence of higher power
(God).

A

Metaphysical

92
Q

relies on scientific evidence for guidance and
decision.

A

EMPIRICAL-BASED PRACTICE (EBP)

93
Q

Enumerate the empirical-based practice:

A
  1. Cultivate a spirit of inquiry.
  2. Ask clinical questions.
  3. Search for best evidence.
  4. Critically appraise the evidence.
  5. Integrate the evidence with clinical expertise
    and client/family preferences and values.
  6. Implement and evaluate the outcomes of the
    intervention.
94
Q

What are the structures of nursing knowledge?

A
  1. metaparadigm
  2. nursing philosphy
  3. conceptual model
95
Q

A self ideas that provide
structure/framework for how a discipline
should function.

A

metaparadigm

96
Q

Beliefs, principles, and values that will
guide our actions and decisions.

A

nursing philosphy

97
Q
  • Theoretical foundation for our nursing
    practice.
  • Organizes or systemizes our thinking.
A

Conceptual model

98
Q

What are the categories of nursing

A

metatheory
grand theory
middle range theory
nursing practice theory

99
Q

Present the most global perspective of the
nursing discipline by identifying and
evaluating critical phenomena in unique
ways.

A

metatheory

100
Q

from which category are these examples:?

THEORY OF NURSING
o Theory of Nursing knowledge and
practice.
o Nursing Theory of human being.
o Nursing Theory of Social Entirety.

A

Metatheory

101
Q
  • Framework that defines broad
    perspectives for nursing practice.
  • Crucial in nursing.
A

Grand Theory

102
Q

From which category are these examples:?

THE THEORY OF NURSING AS CARING
o Transition Theory
o Heal Promotion Model
o Theory of culture care diversity and
universality.
o Health as expanding
consciousness human becoming.

A

Grand theory

103
Q

Moderately abstract and has limited
number of variables.

A

MIddel range theory

104
Q
A

SR.

105
Q
  • Most specific type of theory.
  • Most limited scope.
  • Level of abstraction and they are used
    within a specific range of nursing
    situations.
A

Nursing practice theory

106
Q

Was created to address the differenct aspects of nursing:

A

D.E.P.P
Descrptive Theory
Explanatory
Predictive theory
Prescriptive theory

107
Q
  • What / Identify
  • Identify properties and components of a
    discipline.
A

Descriptive Theory

108
Q
  • How and Why
  • Identifies how the properties relate to one
    another.
A

Explanatory Theory

109
Q
  • What will happen
  • Conjectures the relationship between
    components of a phenomenon and
    predicts when the phenomena will occur.
A

Predictive Theory

110
Q
  • Action-oriented / What should be done.
  • Addresses therapeutics and
    consequences of intervention.
A

Prescriptive theory

111
Q
A

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