Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Construction Materials and Testing > Prelims - Modules 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 > Flashcards

Prelims - Modules 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Flashcards

1
Q

________is a general term meaning the art and science to form objects, systems, or organizations

A

Construction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

________means an article, material, or supply brought to the construction
site by the Contractor or a subcontractor for incorporation into the building or work. The term also includes an item brought to the site preassembled from articles, materials, or supplies.

A

Construction Materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_________ testing involves the essential examination of all materials used in the construction of a project. Industry players need to ensure that their products can withstand certain conditions and comply with increasingly complex national and international building standards and regulations. If they are unable to do so, building projects may be delayed, and quality may be compromised, resulting in increased liability risks and a shortened lifespan of their assets

A

Construction materials testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

________ ________are responsible for the selection, specification, and quality control of materials to be used in a job. When engineers select the material for a specific application, they must consider various criteria and make compromises. Both the client and the purpose of the facility or structure dictate, to a certain extent, the emphasis that will be placed on the different criteria.

A

Materials Engineers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

________ and ________ must be familiar with materials used in the construction of a wide range of structures. Materials most frequently used include steel, aggregate, concrete, masonry, asphalt, and wood. Materials used to a lesser extent include aluminum, glass, plastics, and fiber-reinforced composites. Geotechnical engineers make a reasonable case for including soil as the most widely used engineering material since it provides the basic support for all civil engineering structures.

A

Civil and Construction Engineers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A ________, is a device for separating wanted elements from unwanted material or for characterizing the particle size distribution of a sample of aggregates, sand, and other soil particles.

A set of ________ of sizes: 80mm, 63mm, 50mm, 40mm, 31.5mm, 25mm, 20mm, 16mm, 12.5mm, 10mm, 6.3mm, 4.75mm, 3.35mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm, 600μm, 300μm, 150μm, and 75μm.

A balance or scale with an accuracy to measure 0.1 percent of the weight of the test sample. The weight of the sample available should not be less than the weight given on the next page.

https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/81M3gnJQB7L.SL1500.jpg

A

Sieve Set

https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/81M3gnJQB7L.SL1500.jpg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

________ helps to determine the particle size distribution of the coarse and fine aggregates. This is done by sieving the aggregates as per IS: 2386 (Part I) – 1963. In this process, different sieves, as standardized by the IS code, are used to pass the aggregates through them, collecting the different-sized particles left on each sieve.

A

Sieve Analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

used to accurately determine the mass or weight of an item or substance within a specific weight range and to a particular readability

https://5.imimg.com/data5/ZZ/ZI/AW/SELLER-411288/laboratory-balance-500x500.jpg

A

Balance

https://5.imimg.com/data5/ZZ/ZI/AW/SELLER-411288/laboratory-balance-500x500.jpg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

typically graduated or marked on the side with lines that indicate the contained volume

https://www.labkafe.com/storage/school-catalogue-images/lkch-112-5.jpg

A

Graduated Beaker

https://www.labkafe.com/storage/school-catalogue-images/lkch-112-5.jpg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A metal mold in the form of a truncated cone with a top diameter of 4” (102 mm), a bottom diameter of 8” (203 mm), and a height of 12” (305 mm) is used to fabricate the specimen for a slump test. Additionally, a 2 ft (610 mm) long bullet-nosed metal rod, 5” (16 mm) in diameter, is used in the test.

https://www.matest.com/contents/products/c182p-kit.jpg

A

Slump Cone

https://www.matest.com/contents/products/c182p-kit.jpg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The ________is an empirical test that measures the workability of fresh concrete.

More specifically, it measures the consistency of the concrete in that specific batch. This test is performed to check the consistency of freshly made concrete.

Consistency is a term very closely related to workability. It describes the state of fresh concrete and refers to the ease with which the concrete flows, indicating the degree of wetness. The workability of concrete is mainly affected by its consistency.

For example, wetter mixes will be more workable than drier mixes, but concrete of the same consistency may still vary in workability.

A

Concrete Slump Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

device that performs arithmetic operations on numbers

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Casio_calculator_JS-20WK_in_201901_002.jpg/1200px-Casio_calculator_JS-20WK_in_201901_002.jpg

A

Calculator

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Casio_calculator_JS-20WK_in_201901_002.jpg/1200px-Casio_calculator_JS-20WK_in_201901_002.jpg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

________sturdy, durable containers used to shape and hold cement until it hardens. These ________ are often made of robust materials such as silicone rubber, urethane rubber, and even plastic. They come in different shapes and sizes to offer you variety to suit your project.

https://sunlabtech.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Concrete-mould.jpg

A

Various Moulds

https://sunlabtech.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Concrete-mould.jpg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

150mm x150mm x 150mm

100mm x100mm x 100 mm

70.6mm x 70.6mm x 70.6mm

https://www.ele.com/cms-files/53c3/53c3eb9b1eda0_large.jpg

A

Cube Moulds

https://www.ele.com/cms-files/53c3/53c3eb9b1eda0_large.jpg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

6 x 12 in. (15.2 x 30.5 cm)

4 x 8 in (10 x 20 cm

https://www.globalgilson.com/content/images/thumbs/0026107_cast-iron-concrete-cylinder-molds.jpeg

A

Cylinder Moulds

https://www.globalgilson.com/content/images/thumbs/0026107_cast-iron-concrete-cylinder-molds.jpeg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

100mm x 100mm x 400mm

100mm x 100mm x 500mm

150mm x 150mm x 600mm

https://www.smi-group.com.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Beam-Mold.jpg

A

Beam Moulds

https://www.smi-group.com.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Beam-Mold.jpg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A ________is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity (or relative density) of liquids, which is the ratio of the density of the liquid to the density of water.

A ________is usually made of glass and consists of a cylindrical stem and a bulb weighted with mercury or lead shot to make it float upright. The liquid to be tested is poured into a tall container, often a graduated cylinder, and the hydrometer is gently lowered into the liquid until it floats freely. The point at which the surface of the liquid touches the stem of the hydrometer is noted. Hydrometers usually contain a scale inside the stem, allowing the specific gravity to be read directly. A variety of scales exist and are used depending on the context.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Hydrometer6455.png

A

Hydrometer

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Hydrometer6455.png

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

________An instrument is designed to exert tensile, compressive, or transverse stress on a specimen under test. It can also be adapted for determining Brinell hardness, ductility, cold bend, and other properties. The machine essentially consists of three systems: loading, weighing, and indicating, with the loading being applied either mechanically or hydraulically.

https://bluestar-ee.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/hydraulic-universal-testing-machines-analog-480x320.jpg

A

Universal Testing Machine

https://bluestar-ee.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/hydraulic-universal-testing-machines-analog-480x320.jpg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

________(also commonly called a cement mixer) is a device that homogeneously combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel, and water to form concrete. A typical concrete mixer uses a revolving drum to mix the components. For smaller volume works, portable concrete mixers are often used so that the concrete can be made at the construction site.

https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/61Vg4S-gDtL.AC_SL1500.jpg

A

Concrete Mixer

https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/61Vg4S-gDtL.AC_SL1500.jpg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

________instrument for measuring the condition of a fluid (liquid or gas) that is specified by the force that the fluid would exert, when at rest, on a unit area, such as pounds per square inch or newtons per square centimetre.

https://res.cloudinary.com/rsc/image/upload/b_rgb:FFFFFF,c_pad,dpr_2.625,f_auto,h_214,q_auto,w_380/c_pad,h_214,w_380/Y2190823-01?pgw=1

A

Pressure Gauge

https://res.cloudinary.com/rsc/image/upload/b_rgb:FFFFFF,c_pad,dpr_2.625,f_auto,h_214,q_auto,w_380/c_pad,h_214,w_380/Y2190823-01?pgw=1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

________is a round, straight steel rod used with concrete cylinder molds, slump cones and unit weight tests. It measures 5/8″ diameter by 24″ length. Both ends are rounded to a hemispherical tip.

https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/proxy/iMZG7Vc8od8L9k0kzSZxHL5yPqpmmTE-_TYq3ckurMqM9h8GwY11GTScPu98tkW_zZya2GJ3S7U06G_nx1tWDS5GnUEu5RuzICTyDq7xxL_LRyJlWfNEBOJVhmPoFRQIxEX0zNFsSOpM4zSeeBg1q8Y

A

Tamping Rod

https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/proxy/iMZG7Vc8od8L9k0kzSZxHL5yPqpmmTE-_TYq3ckurMqM9h8GwY11GTScPu98tkW_zZya2GJ3S7U06G_nx1tWDS5GnUEu5RuzICTyDq7xxL_LRyJlWfNEBOJVhmPoFRQIxEX0zNFsSOpM4zSeeBg1q8Y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

________is an instrument that measures temperature. It can measure the temperature of a solid such as food, a liquid such as water, or a gas such as air. The three most common units of measurement for temperature are Celsius, Fahrenheit, and kelvin. The Celsius scale is part of the metric system.

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/images/full/thermometer_554712607_1000.jpg

A

Thermometer

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/images/full/thermometer_554712607_1000.jpg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

________is a concrete tool that produces stronger concrete by vigorously shaking the concrete right after you pour it to eliminate the air bubbles or air pockets.

https://obigodtools.com.ng/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/poker-vibrator.jpg

A

Concrete Vibrator

https://obigodtools.com.ng/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/poker-vibrator.jpg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

________is used to determine the consistency, initial setting time, and final setting time of cement. In the normal consistency test, it is used to find out the amount of water needed to be added to the cement to form a cement paste of normal consistency.

________consists of an arrangement to hold a 10 mm diameter plunger and two other needles. These needles are made to freely fall into a mold filled with the cement paste, and the amount of penetration of the needles or plunger can be noted using the vertical graduations from 0 mm to 50 mm.

https://nl-test.com/images/com_hikashop/upload/nl3012x003-01-01.jpg

A

Vicat Apparatus

https://nl-test.com/images/com_hikashop/upload/nl3012x003-01-01.jpg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

To find out the consistency of cement, you have to take a sample of dried cement of about 400gweight which must pass through the 90 micron ISsieve. Then mix in it about 25% of water by weight to form a uniform paste within 2 minutes of time.

A

Consistency Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

is a tool which is used to expose materials to a hot environment

https://new-borel.com/products/laboratory-ovens/thermonatural-ovens-350-c/b373620a596114321a0.jpg

A

Oven

https://new-borel.com/products/laboratory-ovens/thermonatural-ovens-350-c/b373620a596114321a0.jpg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

is a watch with buttons which you press at the beginning and end of an event, so that you can measure exactly how long it takes.

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR1QEzS6IxR0ozonlF5kK6qI89JObu3PSE1_Q&s

A

Stop Watch

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR1QEzS6IxR0ozonlF5kK6qI89JObu3PSE1_Q&s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

It is used to channel liquid or fine-grained substances into containers with a small opening.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Kitchen_Funnel.jpg/1200px-Kitchen_Funnel.jpg

A

Funnel

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Kitchen_Funnel.jpg/1200px-Kitchen_Funnel.jpg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

are containers made from woven wires that can also be used in place of plastic baskets and are used to store or organize materials in both household and commercial lines of work.

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSS9VhYA5uDM-JLr_6bfzqXDRMwhNP9xoWHJA&s

A

Wire Basket

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSS9VhYA5uDM-JLr_6bfzqXDRMwhNP9xoWHJA&s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

used regularly for the thorough, manual cleaning of lab glassware and plasticware. They typically have a handle with terminal bristles, set centrally or laterally, and come in a range of sizes and styles for the effective cleaning of most types of vessel without leaving scratches or other damage.

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ9Vwl8kiQn7KRYWivzcdVCnmA9krsSNQmlzg&s

A

Brush

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ9Vwl8kiQn7KRYWivzcdVCnmA9krsSNQmlzg&s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

are used in a number of agricultural machines, such as tractors, to raise and lower tools and equipment to the proper working height. Marine. It facilitate the construction of ships and are used to load large components onto finished boats and ships. Aerospace.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/מגבה_של_קרוואן.jpg/1200px-מגבה_של_קרוואן.jpg

A

Hydraulic Jack

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/מגבה_של_קרוואן.jpg/1200px-מגבה_של_קרוואן.jpg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

is a tool used to dig as well as to move loose, granular materials (like dirt, gravel, grain, or snow) from one spot to another, and. a spade is a tool used for digging straight-edged holes or trenches, slicing and lifting sod, and edging flower beds or lawns.

https://www.trees.com/wp-content/uploads/files/inline-images/Pointed-Digger-Shovel.jpg

A

Shovel

https://www.trees.com/wp-content/uploads/files/inline-images/Pointed-Digger-Shovel.jpg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Is a durable, flat-bottomed container used in construction for mixing concrete and mortar. It ensures uniform blending of dry ingredients (cement and aggregates) before adding water to create a consistent mixture. The steel pan is also used for transporting mixed materials and can be easily cleaned for reuse.

https://t3e5d2a5.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Stainless-Steel-Freeze-Thaw-Mold-H-3185TM_lg-266x266.jpg

A

Steel Pan

https://t3e5d2a5.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Stainless-Steel-Freeze-Thaw-Mold-H-3185TM_lg-266x266.jpg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

is a handheld tool that can be used for mixing mortar, applying mortar, smoothing concrete, patching concrete, and more! This versatile tool has many uses in the construction industry and is incredibly helpful.

https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/6OQAAOSwAt1i~bVB/s-l400.jpg

A

Trowel

https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/6OQAAOSwAt1i~bVB/s-l400.jpg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

is not just limited to transporting cement; it is also a versatile tool for mixing cement on construction sites. With its deep and spacious tray, the wheelbarrow provides an ideal space for creating the perfect consistency of cement.

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSa0_p4Tn2PtaWT8kqyv8OUvuxgmWVoBdpj-w&s

A

Wheel Barrow

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSa0_p4Tn2PtaWT8kqyv8OUvuxgmWVoBdpj-w&s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

is specially designed to address the injuries and accidents that may occur on the site. These kits typically contain a variety of medical supplies, including bandages, gauze, plasters, burn dressings, eye wash, and a First Aid For Construction Poster.

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQQr_6KG_hyVcHZKtNacF9YKZzTYAe-JX5NuQ&s

A

First Aid Box

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQQr_6KG_hyVcHZKtNacF9YKZzTYAe-JX5NuQ&s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

A _______ is a characteristic of matter that can be observed and measured without changing the chemical identity of the sample.

A _______ might involve a physical change but not a chemical change.

A

Physical property

37
Q

_______ is the ratio of mass to the volume of the material in its natural state, including voids and pores. It is expressed in kg/m³. _______ influences the mechanical properties of materials like strength, heat, and conductivity, etc.

A

Bulk Density

38
Q

_______ gives the volume of the material occupied by pores. It is the ratio of the volume of pores to the volume of material. _______ influences many properties like thermal conductivity, strength, bulk density, durability, etc.

A

Porosity

39
Q

_______ is the ratio of mass of the material to its volume in a homogeneous state. Almost all the physical properties of materials are influenced by its _______ values.

A

Density

40
Q

_______ is the ratio of the mass of a given substance to the mass of a reference substance (e.g., water) for equal volumes.

A

Specific Gravity

41
Q

The ability to withstand fire without changing its shape and other properties is called _______. _______ of a material is tested by the combined actions of water and fire. Fireproof materials should provide more safety in case of fire.

A

Fire Resistance

42
Q

_______ is the ability of a material to resist freezing or thawing. It depends upon the density and bulk density of the material. Denser materials will have more _______. Moist materials have low _______ and they lose their strength in freezing and become brittle.

A

Frost Resistance

43
Q

_______ is the property of a material to withstand all atmospheric actions without losing its strength and shape. _______ affects the durability of the material. For example, corrosion occurs in iron due to _______. To resist this, a paint layer is provided.

A

Weathering Resistance

44
Q

The ability of a material to permit water through it is called _______. Dense materials like glass and metals are called impervious materials, which cannot allow water through them.

A

Water Permeability

45
Q

The capacity of a material to absorb and retain water is known as _______. It is expressed as a percentage of the weight of the dry material. It depends upon the size, shape, and number of pores in the material.

A

Water Absorption

46
Q

_______ is the property of a material to absorb water vapor from the air.
It depends on relative humidity, porosity, air temperature, etc.

A

Hygroscopicity

47
Q

_______ of a material is the ratio of the compressive strength of a saturated material to its compressive strength in the dry state. It affects the strength of water-absorbent materials like soil.

A

Coefficient of Softening

48
Q

_______ is the property of a material that prevents it from melting or losing its shape at prolonged high temperatures.

A

Refractoriness

49
Q

_______ describe how a material reacts to external forces like pushing, pulling, or twisting. Strength, hardness, and elasticity are examples of _______.

A

Mechanical Properties

50
Q

The capacity of a material to resist failure caused by loads acting on it is called _______. The load may be compressive, tensile, or bending. It is determined by dividing the ultimate load taken by the material by its cross-sectional area.

A

Strength

51
Q

_______ is the property of a material to resist scratching by a harder body. The Mohs scale is used to determine the _______ of a material.

A

Hardness

52
Q

The capacity of a material to regain its initial shape and size after the removal of load is known as _______ and the material is called an elastic material. Ideally, elastic materials obey Hooke’s law, in which stress is directly proportional to strain.

A

Elasticity

53
Q

When a load is applied to a material, if it undergoes permanent deformation without cracking and retains this shape after the removal of the load, then it is said to be a plastic material and this property is called _______. For example, steel exhibits _______.

A

Plasticity

54
Q

When a material is subjected to a load and fails suddenly without causing any deformation, it is called a brittle material and this property is called _______. For example, concrete exhibits _______.

A

Brittleness

55
Q

If a material is subjected to repeated loads, failure occurs at some point which is lower than the failure point caused by a single, static load. This property is called _______. For example, metals can experience _______ after repeated stress cycles.

A

Fatigue

56
Q

_______ is the ability of construction materials to resist the effects of chemicals like acids, salts, and alkalis. Underground installations and constructions near the sea should be built with great _______.

A

Chemical Resistance

56
Q

_______ are any of the properties of matter that can be observed and measured only by performing a chemical change or chemical reaction.

_______ cannot be determined by touching or viewing a sample; the structure of the sample must be altered for the _______ to become apparent.

A

Chemical Properties

57
Q

Formation of rust (iron oxide) in metals when they are subjected to the atmosphere is called _______. Therefore, metals should be _______ resistant.

A

Corrosion Resistance

58
Q

The properties of a material to conduct or resist electricity are called electrical properties. For example, wood has great electrical resistance, while stainless steel is a good conductor of electricity.

A

Electrical Properties of Building Materials

59
Q

The magnetic properties of materials, such as permeability, hysteresis, and magnetization, are important for understanding how materials respond to magnetic fields. These properties determine how materials interact with and are influenced by magnetic forces.

A

Magnetic Properties of Building Materials

60
Q

_______ is the property of a material to absorb heat, and it is required to design proper ventilation. It influences the thermal stability of walls. It is expressed in J/K.

A

Thermal Capacity

61
Q

_______ is the amount of heat transferred through a unit area of a specimen with unit thickness in unit time. It is measured in watts per meter per kelvin (W/m·K). It depends on material structure, porosity, density, and moisture content. Highly porous materials typically have lower _______ values.

A

Thermal Conductivity

62
Q

_______ is the ability to resist heat conduction and is the reciprocal of thermal conductivity. When it is multiplied by the thickness of the material, it gives thermal resistance. The _______ of soil varies from 30 to 500 °C-cm/W.

A

Thermal Resistivity

63
Q

_______ is the quantity of heat required to heat 1 kilogram of material by 1°C. _______ is important for understanding how materials respond to temperature changes. It is measured in J/(kg·°C).

A

Specific Heat

64
Q

Reacts with water and hardens even underwater. It is commonly used in repairs and structures exposed to water.

A

Hydraulic Cement

65
Q

The most common type of hydraulic cement used for general construction like buildings and pavements .

A

Portland Cement

66
Q

The time it takes for cement to begin losing its plasticity after mixing with water. This is crucial for tasks like shaping and applying concrete.

A

Initial Setting Time

67
Q

The period when the cement has fully hardened and can bear loads

A

Final Setting Time

68
Q

Involves allowing a needle to penetrate the cement paste until it reaches a specified depth to determine initial and final setting times.

A

Vicat Needle Method

69
Q

Uses two needles with different weights to assess the surface hardness for setting times

A

Gillmore Needle Method

70
Q

Higher water content slows the setting process.

A

Water-Cement Ratio

71
Q

Hot temperatures speed up setting, while high humidity can delay it.

A

Temperature & Humidity

72
Q

Gypsum content in cement affects how fast it sets​

A

Cement Composition

73
Q

Initial setting time defines the window for manipulating the cement paste.

A

Workability

74
Q

Final setting time determines when the material can start supporting loads

A

Structural Integrity

75
Q

Gravel, crushed stone, and blast furnace slag, typically larger than 4.75 mm​

A

Coarse Aggregates

76
Q

Sand or manufactured sand, generally smaller than 4.75 mm

A

Fine Aggregates

77
Q

This type of aggregate is sourced from natural deposits without altering its inherent properties during production processes like crushing and grinding.

A

Natural Aggregates

78
Q

This refers to artificial materials created either as a primary product or as industrial by-products. Examples include blast furnace slag, air-cooled slag, and broken bricks. Synthetic aggregates are made by thermally processing materials like expanded clay and shale, often used in the production of lightweight concrete.

A

Manufactured Aggregates

79
Q

Rounded aggregates improve workability, angular ones improve strength.

A

Shape

80
Q

Rough textures bond better with cement

A

Surface Texture

81
Q

Affects strength and stability. Heavier aggregates lead to stronger concrete.

A

Specific Weight

82
Q

Highly absorbent aggregates can lead to a weaker concrete mix​

A

Water Absorption

83
Q

Necessary for aggregates used in surfaces that face wear, such as roads

A

Abrasion Resistance

84
Q

Affects mix proportions, workability, and load-bearing capacity.

A

Bulk Density

85
Q

Important for aggregates exposed to mechanical wear (roads, pavements)​

A

Abrasion Resistance

86
Q

occurs when the cement appears to harden prematurely within minutes after mixing but can be remixed to regain its workability. The most common cause is the presence of gypsum that has partially dehydrated to form plaster of paris (CaSO4 ⋅ 1/2 H2O), which results if the temperature in the grinding mill is too high. Later, when water is added to the cement, the plaster of paris immediately starts to hydrate to gypsum and stiffen.

A

False set

87
Q

happens when the cement sets too quickly, within minutes after mixing, and cannot be reworked without adding more water. It is caused by a lack of gypsum or an incorrect sulfate-to-aluminate ratio, leading to rapid hydration of aluminates.

A

Flash set

88
Q

This issue arises when the cement takes longer than expected to set, potentially delaying the construction process. It can be caused by cold weather, excess water in the mix, or improper use of retarders.

A

Delayed Setting

89
Q

Variability in setting times can occur due to fluctuations in environmental conditions, inconsistent mixing practices, or variations in raw material quality.

A

Inconsistent setting times

Construction Materials and Testing (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions