Prelims: Cardiovascular System in Elderly

Question 1

cardiovascular system changes related to aging

Answer 1

• myocardial hypertrophy
• decreased pacemaker cells
• calcium and fat deposits in the arterial wall

Question 2

left ventricular changes and functions

valve fibrosis and stenosis

Answer 2

myocardial hypertrophy

Question 3

increased arterial resistance

increased heart workload

Answer 3

calcium and fat deposits in the arterial walls

Question 4

effects of cardiovascular system changes

Answer 4

• decreased cardiac output
• decreased ability to respond to stress
• heart rate and stroke volume do not increase with maximum demand
• slower heart rate recovery
• increased blood pressure

Question 5

clinical manifestations

Answer 5

• fatigue with increase in activity
• increased heart rate recovery time
• Pre HTN (>120/80 to 130/89)
• HTN (>140/90)

Question 6

common cardiovascular system disorders

Answer 6

• hypertension
• coronary artery disease
• arrhythmia
• orthostatic hypertension
• syncope with cardiac cause
• valvular disease
• congestive heart failure
• peripheral artery occlusive disease
• venous disorders
  anemia

Question 7

orthostatic hypertension

Answer 7

nahihilo, di pumupunta ang dugo sa utak

changes in position is important

Question 8

arrhythmia

Answer 8

bradycardia

body is not that respondent to changes: results in electrolyte imbalance

Question 9

how to promote cardiovascular health

Answer 9

• regular exercise
• pace our activities (avoid stress)
• avoid smoking
• low fat and low sodium diet
• limit sources of simple sugars: carbohydrates (usually adds fat)
• stress reduction activities: leisure activities
• BP check regularly
• med compliance
• weight control