Prelims- 1st Sem

Question 1

comes from the Latin Word “indigen” which means native or original inhabitant- an idea Became popular in the 17th century. Thus, the most common understanding of the concept suggest that they are the original inhabitants of the land.

Answer 1

Indigenous

Question 2

his work include significant contributions to the study of human anatomy and pathology, including the analysis of the skulls. His methods and findings influenced the field of anthropology in the Philippines.

Answer 2

Rudolf Virchow

Question 3

a German anthropologist and ethnologist who studied the origins of religion.
- He referred to the family of languages spoken from Taiwan to New Zealand and Madagascar to Eastern Island.

Answer 3

Wilhelm Schmidt

Question 4

it refers to the study of how and why religious beliefs and practices first emerged in human societies.

Answer 4

Origin of Religions

Question 5

refers to a large language family and cultural group spread across a vast area, including Southeast Asia, the Pacific islands, and parts of Madagascar.
- known for their diverse languages, maritime skills, and rich cultural traditions.

Answer 5

Austronesian

Question 6

these are a family of languages spoken across a vast region, from Madagascar to the Pacific Islands, including languages like Tagalog, Javanese, and Hawaiian.
- is one of the largest, encompassing over 1, 200 languages.

Answer 6

Austronesian Languages

Question 7

this term describes the historical migration patterns of Austronesian-speaking peoples, who are believed to have spread from Taiwan through maritime exploration to various islands and regions in Southeast Asia and the Pacific.

Answer 7

Austronesian Migration

Question 8

refers to the fossilized remains of an early human ancestor discovered on the island of Java, Indonesia.

Answer 8

Java Man

Question 9

refer to the geological and paleontological artifacts found on the island, including prehistoric animal and plant fossils.

Answer 9

Fossils of Java

Question 10

refers to the fossilized remains of an early human discovered in the Tabon Caves on Palawan Island in the Philippines.

Answer 10

Tabon Man

Question 11

refers to the landmass that includes parts of present-day Southeast Asia that were connected during the last Ice Age due to the lower seal levels.

Answer 11

Sundaland

Question 12

2 Models of ProPosed Negritos evolutioN: refers to the historical and cultural practices of some Austronesian-speaking communities to remain relatively isolated from outside influences.

Answer 12

Isolation Stance model

Question 13

2 Models of ProPosed Negritos evolutioN: complex interactions between environmental factors, genetic exchange, cultural practices, and historical influences that shape the development and evolution of the Aeta people.

Answer 13

Interdependent Model of Evolution

Question 14

(Isolation Stance model) maintaining traditional practices, and languages, and resisting external pressures to change or adopt outside influences.

Answer 14

Cultural Preservation

Question 15

(Isolation Stance model) due to their remote locations, historically had limited interaction with the outside world. This physical isolation contributed to the preservation of unique cultural and social practices.

Answer 15

Geographical Isolation

Question 16

(Isolation Stance model) some of the Austronesian societies may have historically practiced isolationist policies to protect their sovereignty and way of life from colonial or foreign intervention.

Answer 16

Social and Political Policies

Question 17

(Interdependent Model of Evolution) Negritos adapted to their environment over time, developing physical and cultural traits suited to their specific ecological niches.

Answer 17

Environmental Adaptations

Question 18

(Interdependent Model of Evolution)
Genetic interactions with neighboring populations have influenced their genetic makeup. This includes mixing with other groups due to migration or intermarriage.

Answer 18

Gene Flow

Question 19

(Interdependent Model of Evolution)
Interactions with other cultures, including trade and contact with non-Negrito populations, have impacted their social structures and cultural practices.

Answer 19

Cultural interactions

Question 20

is an American archaeologist known for his work in Southeast Asia, particularly in the Philippines. He conducted extensive research and excavation of prehistoric sites in the Philippines, including the discovery and analysis of ancient artifacts and settlement patterns. His work has helped to illuminate the early history and cultural practices of the archipelago.

Answer 20

William Meacham

Question 21

was an American anthropologist and archaeologist known for his work on the prehistory and ethnography of the Philippines. He is best known for his contributions to the understanding of the prehistoric cultural development in the Philippines.
- Father of Philippine Anthropology.

Answer 21

Henry Otley Beyer

Question 22

is a regional development bank that aims to promote social and economic Development in Asian countries through loans, technical assistance, and policy advice.
- focuses on improving the livelihoods and preserving the cultures of Indigenous Peoples in the Philippines through inclusive development projects, capacity building, and ensuring their participation in decision-making processes.

Answer 22

Asian Development Bank

Question 23

is a UN agency that sets international labor standards, promotes social
and Economic justice, and advocates for fair working conditions globally.
- supports the rights of Indigenous Peoples in the Philippines by
promoting their inclusion in labor and social policies, protecting their traditional livelihoods, and ensuring participation in decision-making processes.
- Example: promoting fair employment practices preventing discrimination against IP’s in the workplace, and providing training and advocacy to improve their employment opportunities.

Answer 23

International Labor Organization

Question 24

is a Philippine Law that protects IP’s rights to their ancestral lands, self- governance, and cultural integrity, requiring their consent for projects

Answer 24

Indigenous Peoples Right Act (IPRA)

Question 25

(Sample projects under IPRA):
Mapping and officially recognizing Indigenous land boundaries.

Answer 25

Ancestral Domain Delineation

Question 26

(Sample projects under IPRA): Allowing Indigenous communities to manage and benefit from their forest resources.

Answer 26

Community Forest Management

Question 27

(Sample projects under IPRA):
Initiatives to protect and promote Indigenous cultural practices and
traditions.

Answer 27

Cultural Heritage Preservation

Question 28

is an international organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation among countries.
- It addresses global issues through various agencies and programs, working on everything from human rights and environmental protection to humanitarian aid and sustainable development.

Answer 28

United Nations

Question 29

Primarily aims to advance the health status of IP’s in the world.

Answer 29

World Health Organization

Question 30

refers to the deeply rooted beliefs and practices related to the divine, nature, and ancestors that shape Filipino culture. It often blends indigenous traditions with influences from Christianity, reflecting a holistic view of life and a strong connection to
community and nature.

Answer 30

Filipino Spirituality

Question 31

refers to ancestral spirits in traditional Filipino spirituality. These are revered entities believed to influence various aspects of life, such as health, fortune, and natural events.

Answer 31

Anito

Question 32

also known as AGTA or ATI, are the indigenous group in the Philippines recognized for their distinct cultural heritage and traditional lifestyles.
- They primarily inhabit the mountainous areas of Luzon such as the Zambales and Pampanga regions.

Answer 32

Aetas

Question 33

refers to a traditional healer or shaman.
- specifically associated with the Aeta community. They use herbal remedies, perform rituals, and offer spiritual guidance to address both physical and spiritual issues within the community.

Answer 33

Carunungan

Question 34

a general term used across various Filipino indigenous cultures, including the Visayan, Tagalog, and other groups. This individual serves as a spiritual leader, healer, and mediator.

Answer 34

Babaylan