(Prelims) 19th Century in Rizal’s Context Flashcards
sinama q trans n senior kahit may ibang info na hindi nadiscuss lalo sa political kineme
era that is filled with challenges and responses
19th century
era that is filled turmoil
19th century
Period of major changes that affect man and society
19th century
age where the Filipinos began to have consciousness about nationalism
age of enlightenment
this aids comprehension
contextualization
To place something within its proper and larger setting
contextualization
was born and grew up in the 19th century
Jose Rizal
described as the birth of modern life
19th century
the era that was the birth of many nation-states around the world
19th century
3 aspects of the 19th century in the Philippines
- economic
- social
- political
most powerful man in the Spanish government
Governor General
how many Spanish generals served in the Philippines?
122
how many years did Spain colonize our country?
333 years
this is a Spanish misrule where we were governed by Spanish generals
Instability of colonial administration
This is rampant situation in this era
corruption
this is a Spanish misrules and abuse where the Spaniard officials were corrupt
Corrupt Officials
This is where we have no means to report to the king of Spain regarding the situation of our country
No representation in the Spanish Cortes
the Spanish court was based where?
Mexico to Madrid, Spain
T or F: The laws during the 19th era were made for both Spaniards and Filipinos
False - sa Spaniards lang
This is an abuse where filipinos are not valued
Human rights of Filipinos are Denied
this is a misrule where social classes exist
No equality before the law
T or F: Filipinos are not top of the list even though they are rich
True - kasi nga indio raw mga Pinoy
Majority of the population belong to what social class?
lower class (indio)
T or F: Filipinos became victims of injustices and sufferings during this era
True
Nationality who is not allowed to be elected in high positions
Filipinos
Being elected in this era is all about what?
money
They are the ones that control the Philippines, especially the education system
Friars
type of abuse where the educational system and the whole island was controlled
Frailocracy
this is an abuse where economic policy was imposed
Forced labor
How many days do a men works for the country every year w/o salary?
40 days
What do you call the thing where men were forced to work w/o salary?
Polo y servicio
T or F: friars earn money without working, just by owning land and haciendas
True
They were formed to protect the people but did the opposite
Guardia Civil
They can arrest anyone on suspicion alone
Guardia sibil
main source of income of Spain
Galleon Trade
what is the route of the ship that trades/imports the ff:
- tamarind
- mango de Manila
- rice
- carabao
-cockfighting
- Chinese tea
- textiles
- fireworks display
- tuba
Manila - Mexico
what is the route of the ship that trades/imports the ff:
- guava
- avocado
- papaya
- pineapple
- horse
- cattle
Mexico - Manila
(basta puro fruits and animals ito)
What is the item brought from New Spain?
silver
What is the item brought from China?
silk
What did Philippines always resale to China
American silver
what year did the Spanish government close the ports of Manila?
1565
T or F : The ports of Manila was closed to all countries
False - sa Mexico lang siya bukas
what do you call the ship used in the Galleon Trade
Galleon
who discovered the route used for the galleon trade
Andres de Urdaneta
when was the route from Cebu to Mexico found?
1565
Which of the following products where from Mexico:
a. Tamarind
b. Carabao
c. Horse
d. textiles
c. Horse
Which of the following products where from Manila:
a. guava
b. Tamarind
c. Guava
d. papaya
b. Tamarind
served as the central income-generating business for Spanish colonists in the country
Galleon trade
how long did the trade go on?
250 years
what was the consequence of this trade between countries?
intercultural exchange
Which area/country that became a trading hub?
Manila, Philippines
Nationality that ran the hub and did most of the work
Chinese
The Spaniards feared this nationality due to their huge immigration
Chinese
T or F: Spaniards actually massacred some Chinese nationals who migrated in Philippines
True
This allowed modern, liberal ideas to enter the Philippines
Manila Galleon Trade
the date where the galleon trade ended
September 14, 1815
took direct control of the Philippines and directed from Madrid
Spanish crown
to how many days was the travel time of ships lessened to after the opening of the Canal
32 - 40 days
what canal was opened after the galleon trade ended?
Suez canal
when did the canal open
november 17, 1869
T or F: Suez canal became a huge advantage in commercial enterprises
True
what products were also imported after the opening of the canal?
- books
- magazines
- newspapers with liberal ideas
T or F: the Filipino lives did not prosper after the opening of Suez canal
False - nagprosper due to the economic activities
T or F: modern methods of agriculture were not introduced in the country before mag open Suez canal
True - after opening pa siya na-introduce
T or F: there was a middle class even before the opening of Suez Canal
False - high and low lang meron,, after nag open lang siya nagkaroon
T or F: A lot of Filipinos were able to study in Europe after nag open ang Suez canal
Trueeee
this is an artificial sea-level waterway sa Egypt
Suez canal
this connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea
Suez Canal
when was the Suez Canal built
1859 - 1869
who governed the building of the Suez Canal
French Diplomat Ferdinand de Lesseps
Before the opening of Suez canal, how many days/months do a ship need to travel Manila to Mexico and vice versa
3 months/ 90 days
where do the ships need to travel before the opening of Suez canal
around the Cape of Good Hope
T or F: the western culture were able to influence the ilustrados
True
What were the ideologies/thoughts has the western culture able to influence?
- nationhood
- politics
- government
What are the products produced for foreign countries?
- sugar
- hemp
- coffee
in what area/s in the Philippines was sugar produced?
Southeastern Luzon and Eastern Visayas
in what area/s in the Philippines was hemp produced?
Western Visayas
in what area/s in the Philippines was Tobacco produced?
Northeastern Luzon
year where Philippines was developing an export crop economy
1820s - 1870s
nationality who moved to areas with majority production of exported products?
Chinese
They assumed the role of agents who distribute imported products and buy goods for exportation
Chinese
The use of opium in the country(for Chinese) was legalized on what year
1840
who benefited a lot in using opium
Chinese
what products were monopolized starting from the 1840s
- opium
- liquor
- betel nut
- tobacco
- explosives
main source of income after the galleon trade ended
monopoly contracting
the product that was monopolised with the most profit
opium (hindi ba tobacco hahaha -clarisse)
T or F: most of the monopoly were handled by Filipinos
False - Chinese may hawak
what product was the most oppressive and controversial monopoly in the country
tobacco
date when the Philippine tobacco industry under government control
March 1, 1782
who issued that the Philippine tobacco industry must be under government control
Governer General Jose Basco
what are the provinces that planted nothing but only tobacco
- Cagayan Valley
- Ilocos Norte
- Ilocos Sur
-La Union - Isabela
- Abra
- Nueva Ecija
- Marinduque
T or F: the provinces who were to plant only tobacco has to sell their produce to the government without a pre-designated price
False - may designated na price
T or F: the price that provinces were to sell their tobacco produce left the farmers with little to no income
true
T or F: the family of the farmer who plants tobacco can keep some produce for personal use
False - bawal
were given to anyone who would not follow any of the decrees under the system
Fines/physical punishment
it positively raised revenues for the government
tobacco monopoly
T or F: the planting of tobacco did not cause food shortages
False - it caused food shortage
what was the example of the product neglected after the mass production of tobacco
rice/bigas
when was the tobacco monopoly abolished?
1882
who abolished the tobacco monopoly/ sought freedom from colonial bondage (dahil sa tobacco monopoly)
Novo Ecijanos (ppl of Nueva Ecija) (huy hindi sya gov gen)
why did Governor general Novo Ecijanos abolished the tobacco monopoly
so Filipinos will be able to seek freed from colonial bondage
what was the educational system during the Spanish colonization
European system of education
who administer the schools during this era
Catholic missionaries
what was the subject that is compulsory for all levels
religion
T or F: the catholic missionaries did not aim for the natives to convert to Catholicism
false – aim nila na ma-convert to catholicism
law that mandated Spanish authorities in the country to teach the natives on how to read and write, especially Spanish language.
King Philip II’s Leyes de Indias (Laws of Indies)
T or F: taught the Spanish language seriously to the locals
False - hindi sineryoso dahil natakot sila na maging matalino mga Pilipino at that time
what was the first formal schools in the Philippines were
parochial schools
they were taught how to read , write, arithmetic and vocational & practical subjects
native children
the official language of the Catholic church
Latin
what was the language taught to the students
Latin
T or F: Spanish friars believed that the locals will be able to match their skills
False - sa tingin nila hindi kaya
type of strict discipline the friars used to the native students to discipline them
corporal punishment
T or F: there was co-education during this era
False - hiwalay lagi ang boys sa girls
Subjects taught to college students
- history
- Latin
- geigraphy
- mathematics
- philosopy
when was the university education opened to Filipinos
19th century
did the friars taught math and science seriously to Filipino college students in this era
no
when was the royal decree for public school system in the country established
1863
T or F: natives of all social classes can study at universities
false - high social rank lang
social class that aimed to be equal to the level of proud Spaniards
Ilustrados
where did most locals study overseas during this era
Madrid and Barcelona
were still seen as inferior by Spaniards
Ilustrados
talented Filipino individuals(Ilustrados) formed what movement
Propaganda Movement
Most prominent among the Ilustrados
Jose Rizal
Inspired the crave for freedom and independence through his writing
Jose Rizal
hemp is also known as what?
abaca
who typically owns the haciendas if sugar, coffee and hemp
Chinese-Filipino mestizos
who became leaders in education and finance
Spanish and Filipino mestizos
are type of people who are highly respected in their areas
Ilustrados
Ilustrados are known by friars as?
Filibusteros or rebels
who sensed the failure of reformism and tuned radicalism and looked to Rizal as their leader
Ilustrados
Highest social class in the Philippines
Peninsulares
these social class is typically consisted of pure-blooded Spaniards
Peninsulares
this social class is the wealthiest and the most powerful in terms of politics
peninsulares
this social class are full-blooded Spaniards who are born in our country
Insulares
this social class is filled with people who are social and educated that typically governs a district
principalia/middle class
this social class is composed of people awarded with the medal of Civil Merit
principalia/middle class
this social class are composed of people with pure Chinese ancestry
sangley/chinese
this type of social class is mixed Chinese and ingenous ancestry
Mestizo de Sangley
this social class is composed of the poor people in the country who are often slaves or peasants
Indios
this word means tenant
inquilino
a qualified system of tenancy
inquilino system
this is the right to use land in exchange of rent
inquilino system
estate management was given to an administrator who is a?
lay Spanish mestizo or Filipino lay brother
when will be rent collected in an inquilino system
same as harvest time
T or F: inquilinos pay a fixed amount of rent depending on the size and quality of the land
True
T or F: inquilinos were not able to acquire land
False - nakakuha after the system became profitable
T or F: inquilinos never stopped being a farmer
False - they gave their jobs to their sub-tenants after owning the land
T or F: Dominicans and Tagalogs often fight over border lands
True
T or F: disputes about land ownership occurred regularly
True
3 strata of hacienda structure
- estate owner
- leaseholder/inquilino
- tenant-sharecropper
every year, who pays the rent while separating the seed and dividing the remaining crop equally?
inquilinos
bottom of the hierarchy of hacienda structure
sharecropper
they are typically the ones who suffer abuses and demands of the upper sectors in hacienda structure
sharecropper
T or F: there are instances where peasants protest the abuses they obtained
true
it is what the inquilinos acquired after subleasing their farms
relative freedom
T or F: Spain did not experience any type of political disturbance
False - they did experience
T or F: There are numerous change in parliaments and constitutions
True
T or F: there are struggles between the liberals and the conservatives
True
this is a worldwide view that focuses on the idea of freedom and equality
Liberalism
This view includes political philosophies that consider individual liberty being the most significant goal
Liberalism
they believe that the government is a vital tool in protecting the people from abuse
Liberals
They believe that the government may become a threat to liberty
Liberals
this started a political revolution in Europe
French Revolution
when did the French Revolution occur
1789 - 1799
what was the battle cry in the French Revolution
“Having Liberty, Equality and Fraternity”
this revolution was the fundamental change in the political history of France
French Revolution
the governmental structure of France became what?
Liberal based on the principles of citizenship and inalienable rights
This considered the Catholic church as an enemy of reform
liberals in Spain
Movement that is against the church
anti-clericalism
what is the political view of Jean Jacques Rousseau
Social contract
what is the political view of John Locke
Two Treatises of Government
what is the political view of Thomas Paine
Common Sense
who was Philippine’s first liberal governor-general
Governor general Carlos Maria De la Tore
what was formed in Spain after overthrowing Queen Isabela II
provisional government
how long did governor-general Carlos Maria De la Tore governed the Philippines
1869 -1871
who was the governor-general that was said to be the most beloved of the Spanish Governors-General in the country?
Governor General Carlos Maria De la Tore
he was essential in the opening of the national consciousness of the locals
Governor General Carlos Maria De la Tore
T or F: Governor General Carlos Maria De la Tore did not live a simple life
False - he did live a simple life
what did Governor General Carlos Maria De la Tore recognized that was guaranteed by the Spanish constitution
freedom of speech and of the press
what was Governor General Carlos Maria De la Tore greatest achievement
peaceful solution to the land problem in Cavite
T or F: Governor General Carlos Maria De la Tore did not encourage Filipino priests to replace friars with Filipino clergy as parish priest in the country
False - he encouraged it
who led the Agrarian uprising during Governor General Carlos Maria De la Tore
Eduardo Camerino
They advocated a century-long effort to reform and modify the Spanish empire
-Philip V
-Ferdinand VI
- Charles III
- Charles IV
reform that reduced contraband commerce and reclaim control over transatlantic trade, restrict the church’s power, reform state finances and formed new administration
Bourbon Reforms
T or F: the Bourbon reform was very simple
False - it was complex
T or F: the bourbon reform was implemented in the Philippines perfectly
false - dahil malayo hindi na establish ng maayos
this reform gave the locals(in PH) the idea of colonization perfectly fine without much intervention from the church
Bourbon reform
first constitution that deals with national sovereignty— from the people not the king
Cadiz Constitution
when was Cadiz constitution enacted
March 1812
had a universal character that includes everyone from overseas, including the Philippines
Spanish Constitution of 1812
how many deputies were gathered for the promulgation of a liberal constitution in the Mediterranean port of Cadiz
300
who was the first delegates of Philippines for the Cadiz Constitution
- Pedro Perez de Tagle
- Jose Manuel Coretto
established the principles of universal male suffrage, national sovereignty, constitutional monarchy, and freedom of the press and advocated land reform and free enterprise
Cadiz constitution
governor-general who called for an election of Manila officials
Governor General Manuel Gonzales Aguilar
who was appointed as one of the Manila officials during Cadiz Constitution
Don Ventura de los Reyes
he is a wealthy merchant and and a member of the Royal Corps of Artillery of Manila
Don Ventura de los Reyes
took part in the Ilocos Revolt led by Diego Silang
Don Ventura de los Reyes
T or F: Rizal did not only know the valuable information about his society but also had a quality of mind
True
the ability to think about what was going on in the world and of what might be happening within himself is called
sociological imagination
Rule of the Friars
Frailocracy
