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Rizal > (Prelims) 19th Century in Rizal’s Context > Flashcards

(Prelims) 19th Century in Rizal’s Context Flashcards

sinama q trans n senior kahit may ibang info na hindi nadiscuss lalo sa political kineme

1
Q

era that is filled with challenges and responses

A

19th century

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2
Q

era that is filled turmoil

A

19th century

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3
Q

Period of major changes that affect man and society

A

19th century

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4
Q

age where the Filipinos began to have consciousness about nationalism

A

age of enlightenment

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5
Q

this aids comprehension

A

contextualization

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6
Q

To place something within its proper and larger setting

A

contextualization

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7
Q

was born and grew up in the 19th century

A

Jose Rizal

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8
Q

described as the birth of modern life

A

19th century

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9
Q

the era that was the birth of many nation-states around the world

A

19th century

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10
Q

3 aspects of the 19th century in the Philippines

A
  • economic
  • social
  • political
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11
Q

most powerful man in the Spanish government

A

Governor General

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12
Q

how many Spanish generals served in the Philippines?

A

122

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13
Q

how many years did Spain colonize our country?

A

333 years

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14
Q

this is a Spanish misrule where we were governed by Spanish generals

A

Instability of colonial administration

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15
Q

This is rampant situation in this era

A

corruption

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16
Q

this is a Spanish misrules and abuse where the Spaniard officials were corrupt

A

Corrupt Officials

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17
Q

This is where we have no means to report to the king of Spain regarding the situation of our country

A

No representation in the Spanish Cortes

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18
Q

the Spanish court was based where?

A

Mexico to Madrid, Spain

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19
Q

T or F: The laws during the 19th era were made for both Spaniards and Filipinos

A

False - sa Spaniards lang

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20
Q

This is an abuse where filipinos are not valued

A

Human rights of Filipinos are Denied

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21
Q

this is a misrule where social classes exist

A

No equality before the law

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22
Q

T or F: Filipinos are not top of the list even though they are rich

A

True - kasi nga indio raw mga Pinoy

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23
Q

Majority of the population belong to what social class?

A

lower class (indio)

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24
Q

T or F: Filipinos became victims of injustices and sufferings during this era

A

True

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25
Q

Nationality who is not allowed to be elected in high positions

A

Filipinos

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26
Q

Being elected in this era is all about what?

A

money

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27
Q

They are the ones that control the Philippines, especially the education system

A

Friars

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28
Q

type of abuse where the educational system and the whole island was controlled

A

Frailocracy

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29
Q

this is an abuse where economic policy was imposed

A

Forced labor

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30
Q

How many days do a men works for the country every year w/o salary?

A

40 days

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31
Q

What do you call the thing where men were forced to work w/o salary?

A

Polo y servicio

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32
Q

T or F: friars earn money without working, just by owning land and haciendas

A

True

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33
Q

They were formed to protect the people but did the opposite

A

Guardia Civil

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34
Q

They can arrest anyone on suspicion alone

A

Guardia sibil

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35
Q

main source of income of Spain

A

Galleon Trade

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36
Q

what is the route of the ship that trades/imports the ff:
- tamarind
- mango de Manila
- rice
- carabao
-cockfighting
- Chinese tea
- textiles
- fireworks display
- tuba

A

Manila - Mexico

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37
Q

what is the route of the ship that trades/imports the ff:
- guava
- avocado
- papaya
- pineapple
- horse
- cattle

A

Mexico - Manila
(basta puro fruits and animals ito)

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38
Q

What is the item brought from New Spain?

A

silver

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39
Q

What is the item brought from China?

A

silk

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40
Q

What did Philippines always resale to China

A

American silver

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41
Q

what year did the Spanish government close the ports of Manila?

A

1565

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42
Q

T or F : The ports of Manila was closed to all countries

A

False - sa Mexico lang siya bukas

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43
Q

what do you call the ship used in the Galleon Trade

A

Galleon

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44
Q

who discovered the route used for the galleon trade

A

Andres de Urdaneta

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45
Q

when was the route from Cebu to Mexico found?

A

1565

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46
Q

Which of the following products where from Mexico:
a. Tamarind
b. Carabao
c. Horse
d. textiles

A

c. Horse

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47
Q

Which of the following products where from Manila:
a. guava
b. Tamarind
c. Guava
d. papaya

A

b. Tamarind

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48
Q

served as the central income-generating business for Spanish colonists in the country

A

Galleon trade

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49
Q

how long did the trade go on?

A

250 years

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50
Q

what was the consequence of this trade between countries?

A

intercultural exchange

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51
Q

Which area/country that became a trading hub?

A

Manila, Philippines

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52
Q

Nationality that ran the hub and did most of the work

A

Chinese

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53
Q

The Spaniards feared this nationality due to their huge immigration

A

Chinese

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54
Q

T or F: Spaniards actually massacred some Chinese nationals who migrated in Philippines

A

True

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55
Q

This allowed modern, liberal ideas to enter the Philippines

A

Manila Galleon Trade

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56
Q

the date where the galleon trade ended

A

September 14, 1815

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57
Q

took direct control of the Philippines and directed from Madrid

A

Spanish crown

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58
Q

to how many days was the travel time of ships lessened to after the opening of the Canal

A

32 - 40 days

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59
Q

what canal was opened after the galleon trade ended?

A

Suez canal

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60
Q

when did the canal open

A

november 17, 1869

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61
Q

T or F: Suez canal became a huge advantage in commercial enterprises

A

True

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62
Q

what products were also imported after the opening of the canal?

A
  • books
  • magazines
  • newspapers with liberal ideas
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63
Q

T or F: the Filipino lives did not prosper after the opening of Suez canal

A

False - nagprosper due to the economic activities

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64
Q

T or F: modern methods of agriculture were not introduced in the country before mag open Suez canal

A

True - after opening pa siya na-introduce

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65
Q

T or F: there was a middle class even before the opening of Suez Canal

A

False - high and low lang meron,, after nag open lang siya nagkaroon

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66
Q

T or F: A lot of Filipinos were able to study in Europe after nag open ang Suez canal

A

Trueeee

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67
Q

this is an artificial sea-level waterway sa Egypt

A

Suez canal

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68
Q

this connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea

A

Suez Canal

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69
Q

when was the Suez Canal built

A

1859 - 1869

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70
Q

who governed the building of the Suez Canal

A

French Diplomat Ferdinand de Lesseps

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71
Q

Before the opening of Suez canal, how many days/months do a ship need to travel Manila to Mexico and vice versa

A

3 months/ 90 days

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72
Q

where do the ships need to travel before the opening of Suez canal

A

around the Cape of Good Hope

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73
Q

T or F: the western culture were able to influence the ilustrados

A

True

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74
Q

What were the ideologies/thoughts has the western culture able to influence?

A
  • nationhood
  • politics
  • government
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75
Q

What are the products produced for foreign countries?

A
  • sugar
  • hemp
  • coffee
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76
Q

in what area/s in the Philippines was sugar produced?

A

Southeastern Luzon and Eastern Visayas

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77
Q

in what area/s in the Philippines was hemp produced?

A

Western Visayas

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78
Q

in what area/s in the Philippines was Tobacco produced?

A

Northeastern Luzon

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79
Q

year where Philippines was developing an export crop economy

A

1820s - 1870s

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80
Q

nationality who moved to areas with majority production of exported products?

A

Chinese

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81
Q

They assumed the role of agents who distribute imported products and buy goods for exportation

A

Chinese

82
Q

The use of opium in the country(for Chinese) was legalized on what year

A

1840

83
Q

who benefited a lot in using opium

A

Chinese

84
Q

what products were monopolized starting from the 1840s

A
  • opium
  • liquor
  • betel nut
  • tobacco
  • explosives
85
Q

main source of income after the galleon trade ended

A

monopoly contracting

86
Q

the product that was monopolised with the most profit

A

opium (hindi ba tobacco hahaha -clarisse)

87
Q

T or F: most of the monopoly were handled by Filipinos

A

False - Chinese may hawak

88
Q

what product was the most oppressive and controversial monopoly in the country

A

tobacco

89
Q

date when the Philippine tobacco industry under government control

A

March 1, 1782

90
Q

who issued that the Philippine tobacco industry must be under government control

A

Governer General Jose Basco

91
Q

what are the provinces that planted nothing but only tobacco

A
  • Cagayan Valley
  • Ilocos Norte
  • Ilocos Sur
    -La Union
  • Isabela
  • Abra
  • Nueva Ecija
  • Marinduque
92
Q

T or F: the provinces who were to plant only tobacco has to sell their produce to the government without a pre-designated price

A

False - may designated na price

93
Q

T or F: the price that provinces were to sell their tobacco produce left the farmers with little to no income

A

true

94
Q

T or F: the family of the farmer who plants tobacco can keep some produce for personal use

A

False - bawal

95
Q

were given to anyone who would not follow any of the decrees under the system

A

Fines/physical punishment

96
Q

it positively raised revenues for the government

A

tobacco monopoly

97
Q

T or F: the planting of tobacco did not cause food shortages

A

False - it caused food shortage

98
Q

what was the example of the product neglected after the mass production of tobacco

A

rice/bigas

99
Q

when was the tobacco monopoly abolished?

A

1882

100
Q

who abolished the tobacco monopoly/ sought freedom from colonial bondage (dahil sa tobacco monopoly)

A

Novo Ecijanos (ppl of Nueva Ecija) (huy hindi sya gov gen)

101
Q

why did Governor general Novo Ecijanos abolished the tobacco monopoly

A

so Filipinos will be able to seek freed from colonial bondage

102
Q

what was the educational system during the Spanish colonization

A

European system of education

103
Q

who administer the schools during this era

A

Catholic missionaries

104
Q

what was the subject that is compulsory for all levels

A

religion

105
Q

T or F: the catholic missionaries did not aim for the natives to convert to Catholicism

A

false – aim nila na ma-convert to catholicism

106
Q

law that mandated Spanish authorities in the country to teach the natives on how to read and write, especially Spanish language.

A

King Philip II’s Leyes de Indias (Laws of Indies)

107
Q

T or F: taught the Spanish language seriously to the locals

A

False - hindi sineryoso dahil natakot sila na maging matalino mga Pilipino at that time

108
Q

what was the first formal schools in the Philippines were

A

parochial schools

109
Q

they were taught how to read , write, arithmetic and vocational & practical subjects

A

native children

110
Q

the official language of the Catholic church

A

Latin

111
Q

what was the language taught to the students

A

Latin

112
Q

T or F: Spanish friars believed that the locals will be able to match their skills

A

False - sa tingin nila hindi kaya

113
Q

type of strict discipline the friars used to the native students to discipline them

A

corporal punishment

114
Q

T or F: there was co-education during this era

A

False - hiwalay lagi ang boys sa girls

115
Q

Subjects taught to college students

A
  • history
  • Latin
  • geigraphy
  • mathematics
  • philosopy
116
Q

when was the university education opened to Filipinos

A

19th century

117
Q

did the friars taught math and science seriously to Filipino college students in this era

A

no

118
Q

when was the royal decree for public school system in the country established

A

1863

119
Q

T or F: natives of all social classes can study at universities

A

false - high social rank lang

120
Q

social class that aimed to be equal to the level of proud Spaniards

A

Ilustrados

121
Q

where did most locals study overseas during this era

A

Madrid and Barcelona

122
Q

were still seen as inferior by Spaniards

A

Ilustrados

123
Q

talented Filipino individuals(Ilustrados) formed what movement

A

Propaganda Movement

124
Q

Most prominent among the Ilustrados

A

Jose Rizal

125
Q

Inspired the crave for freedom and independence through his writing

A

Jose Rizal

126
Q

hemp is also known as what?

A

abaca

127
Q

who typically owns the haciendas if sugar, coffee and hemp

A

Chinese-Filipino mestizos

128
Q

who became leaders in education and finance

A

Spanish and Filipino mestizos

129
Q

are type of people who are highly respected in their areas

A

Ilustrados

130
Q

Ilustrados are known by friars as?

A

Filibusteros or rebels

131
Q

who sensed the failure of reformism and tuned radicalism and looked to Rizal as their leader

A

Ilustrados

132
Q

Highest social class in the Philippines

A

Peninsulares

133
Q

these social class is typically consisted of pure-blooded Spaniards

A

Peninsulares

134
Q

this social class is the wealthiest and the most powerful in terms of politics

A

peninsulares

135
Q

this social class are full-blooded Spaniards who are born in our country

A

Insulares

136
Q

this social class is filled with people who are social and educated that typically governs a district

A

principalia/middle class

137
Q

this social class is composed of people awarded with the medal of Civil Merit

A

principalia/middle class

138
Q

this social class are composed of people with pure Chinese ancestry

A

sangley/chinese

139
Q

this type of social class is mixed Chinese and ingenous ancestry

A

Mestizo de Sangley

140
Q

this social class is composed of the poor people in the country who are often slaves or peasants

A

Indios

141
Q

this word means tenant

A

inquilino

142
Q

a qualified system of tenancy

A

inquilino system

143
Q

this is the right to use land in exchange of rent

A

inquilino system

144
Q

estate management was given to an administrator who is a?

A

lay Spanish mestizo or Filipino lay brother

145
Q

when will be rent collected in an inquilino system

A

same as harvest time

146
Q

T or F: inquilinos pay a fixed amount of rent depending on the size and quality of the land

A

True

147
Q

T or F: inquilinos were not able to acquire land

A

False - nakakuha after the system became profitable

148
Q

T or F: inquilinos never stopped being a farmer

A

False - they gave their jobs to their sub-tenants after owning the land

149
Q

T or F: Dominicans and Tagalogs often fight over border lands

A

True

150
Q

T or F: disputes about land ownership occurred regularly

A

True

151
Q

3 strata of hacienda structure

A
  • estate owner
  • leaseholder/inquilino
  • tenant-sharecropper
152
Q

every year, who pays the rent while separating the seed and dividing the remaining crop equally?

A

inquilinos

153
Q

bottom of the hierarchy of hacienda structure

A

sharecropper

154
Q

they are typically the ones who suffer abuses and demands of the upper sectors in hacienda structure

A

sharecropper

155
Q

T or F: there are instances where peasants protest the abuses they obtained

A

true

156
Q

it is what the inquilinos acquired after subleasing their farms

A

relative freedom

157
Q

T or F: Spain did not experience any type of political disturbance

A

False - they did experience

158
Q

T or F: There are numerous change in parliaments and constitutions

A

True

159
Q

T or F: there are struggles between the liberals and the conservatives

A

True

160
Q

this is a worldwide view that focuses on the idea of freedom and equality

A

Liberalism

161
Q

This view includes political philosophies that consider individual liberty being the most significant goal

A

Liberalism

162
Q

they believe that the government is a vital tool in protecting the people from abuse

A

Liberals

163
Q

They believe that the government may become a threat to liberty

A

Liberals

164
Q

this started a political revolution in Europe

A

French Revolution

165
Q

when did the French Revolution occur

A

1789 - 1799

166
Q

what was the battle cry in the French Revolution

A

“Having Liberty, Equality and Fraternity”

167
Q

this revolution was the fundamental change in the political history of France

A

French Revolution

168
Q

the governmental structure of France became what?

A

Liberal based on the principles of citizenship and inalienable rights

169
Q

This considered the Catholic church as an enemy of reform

A

liberals in Spain

170
Q

Movement that is against the church

A

anti-clericalism

171
Q

what is the political view of Jean Jacques Rousseau

A

Social contract

172
Q

what is the political view of John Locke

A

Two Treatises of Government

173
Q

what is the political view of Thomas Paine

A

Common Sense

174
Q

who was Philippine’s first liberal governor-general

A

Governor general Carlos Maria De la Tore

175
Q

what was formed in Spain after overthrowing Queen Isabela II

A

provisional government

176
Q

how long did governor-general Carlos Maria De la Tore governed the Philippines

A

1869 -1871

177
Q

who was the governor-general that was said to be the most beloved of the Spanish Governors-General in the country?

A

Governor General Carlos Maria De la Tore

178
Q

he was essential in the opening of the national consciousness of the locals

A

Governor General Carlos Maria De la Tore

179
Q

T or F: Governor General Carlos Maria De la Tore did not live a simple life

A

False - he did live a simple life

180
Q

what did Governor General Carlos Maria De la Tore recognized that was guaranteed by the Spanish constitution

A

freedom of speech and of the press

181
Q

what was Governor General Carlos Maria De la Tore greatest achievement

A

peaceful solution to the land problem in Cavite

182
Q

T or F: Governor General Carlos Maria De la Tore did not encourage Filipino priests to replace friars with Filipino clergy as parish priest in the country

A

False - he encouraged it

183
Q

who led the Agrarian uprising during Governor General Carlos Maria De la Tore

A

Eduardo Camerino

184
Q

They advocated a century-long effort to reform and modify the Spanish empire

A

-Philip V
-Ferdinand VI
- Charles III
- Charles IV

185
Q

reform that reduced contraband commerce and reclaim control over transatlantic trade, restrict the church’s power, reform state finances and formed new administration

A

Bourbon Reforms

186
Q

T or F: the Bourbon reform was very simple

A

False - it was complex

187
Q

T or F: the bourbon reform was implemented in the Philippines perfectly

A

false - dahil malayo hindi na establish ng maayos

188
Q

this reform gave the locals(in PH) the idea of colonization perfectly fine without much intervention from the church

A

Bourbon reform

189
Q

first constitution that deals with national sovereignty— from the people not the king

A

Cadiz Constitution

190
Q

when was Cadiz constitution enacted

A

March 1812

191
Q

had a universal character that includes everyone from overseas, including the Philippines

A

Spanish Constitution of 1812

192
Q

how many deputies were gathered for the promulgation of a liberal constitution in the Mediterranean port of Cadiz

A

300

193
Q

who was the first delegates of Philippines for the Cadiz Constitution

A
  • Pedro Perez de Tagle
  • Jose Manuel Coretto
194
Q

established the principles of universal male suffrage, national sovereignty, constitutional monarchy, and freedom of the press and advocated land reform and free enterprise

A

Cadiz constitution

195
Q

governor-general who called for an election of Manila officials

A

Governor General Manuel Gonzales Aguilar

196
Q

who was appointed as one of the Manila officials during Cadiz Constitution

A

Don Ventura de los Reyes

197
Q

he is a wealthy merchant and and a member of the Royal Corps of Artillery of Manila

A

Don Ventura de los Reyes

198
Q

took part in the Ilocos Revolt led by Diego Silang

A

Don Ventura de los Reyes

199
Q

T or F: Rizal did not only know the valuable information about his society but also had a quality of mind

A

True

200
Q

the ability to think about what was going on in the world and of what might be happening within himself is called

A

sociological imagination

201
Q

Rule of the Friars

A

Frailocracy

Rizal (15 decks)

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