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PRELIMS Flashcards

1
Q

Deepens understanding of current global issues

A

STS

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2
Q

is a human activity

A

SCIENCE

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3
Q

Finding truths about the natural world through a systematic process called

A

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

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4
Q

enables people to understand, predict, and control to a certain degree their natural environment

A

SCIENCE

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5
Q

are evaluated on what it really is and not as what one perceives it to be

A

FACTS

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6
Q

scientific knowledge is not concerned of presenting itself in a realistic picture

A

ABSTRACT

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7
Q

Science started as a branch of philosophy called

A

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY

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8
Q

Deals with the fundamental nature and behavior of the universe

A

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

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9
Q

Science and Philosophy separated after the

A

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION (16TH-17TH CENTURY)

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10
Q
  • deals with methods, nature, rationalization of scientific facts
A

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

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11
Q

“all knowledge should be based on objective evidence and experiment”

A

FRANCIS BACON

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12
Q

considers only the body and not the mind as subject to laws of nature

A

RENE DESCARTES

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13
Q

thinks that space, time, and causality are forced on experience by the mind

A

IMMANUEL KANT

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14
Q

Views progress in science involves a shift in paradigms and considers that a scientist works within accepted paradigm

A

THOMAS KUHN

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15
Q

developed to accommodate humans’ basic needs to survive and thrive

A

TECHNOLOGY

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16
Q

is a human activity that involves methods of solving practical problems or a process of fabricating a material product

A

TECHNOLOGY

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17
Q

usually stems from the identification of a need to be met

A

TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

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18
Q

emerged ahead of science and is not a mere application of scientific knowledge

A

TECHNOLOGY

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19
Q

Creation of new product or process

A

INVENTION

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20
Q

Improvement of an existing technology

A

INNOVATION

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21
Q

happens when a more advanced technology replaces the same product

A

TECHNOLOGICAL SUBSTITUTION

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22
Q

Happens when an innovation is adopted by a certain group which in turn influences others into adopting the same technology

A

TECHNOLOGICAL DIFFUSION

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23
Q

said that scientific facts are results of the scientist’s socially conditioned studies rather than as objective description of the physical world

A

THOMAS KUHN

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24
Q

STS started to emerge as a new field of study during the period between the

A

TWO WORLD WARS

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25
Q

enables us to understand both the positive and negative effects of the advancements in science and technology

A

sts

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26
Q

characterized by survival and high dependence on what nature can provide

A

PREHISTORIC PERIOD

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27
Q

Depend on nature to survive - hunting, food from trees, etc. mostly by using their hands to solve their concern

A

PREHISTORIC PERIOD

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28
Q

Started using stones for general purposes (Stone Age)

A

PREHISTORIC PERIOD

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29
Q

Stone age two eras

A

PALEOLITHIC AGE
NEOLITHIC AGE

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30
Q

Lasted from about 2.5 million to 8000 BCE

A

PALEOTHIC AGE

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31
Q

Arrival of Hominids about 1.6 million years ago

A

PALEOTHIC AGE

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32
Q

species of creatures that walk upright

A

HOMINIDS

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33
Q

Prehistoric people were ___

A

NOMADS

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34
Q

people that moved from place to place in search of basic survival needs

A

NOMADS

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35
Q

Began about 8000 BCE

A

NEOLITHIC AGE

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36
Q

Most significant event that took place during this era was the Neolithic Revolution

A

NEOLITHIC AGE

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37
Q

Transformation of human societies from being hunter-gatherers to to agricultural based

A

NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION

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38
Q

The period, which occurred between 12,000 and 8,000 years ago, brought along many profound changes to human society and culture

A

NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION

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39
Q

Began to develop agriculture and began to practice domestication of animals (cattle, goats, sheep and pigs for food)

A

NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION

40
Q

growing of crops for food

A

AGRICULTURE

41
Q

breeding animals for food

A

DOMESTICATION

42
Q

Used wood, bones, and hard crystalline material and has sharp edges called

43
Q

cannot be found just anywhere but has to be mined

44
Q

Mining practice resulted to discovery of better materials like metals and other minerals like

45
Q

made an impact no only in early cooking but also in preservation of food during lean season

46
Q

Discovery of ____ using fire led to the making of bricks for their dwelling place and pots for food storage and other uses

A

HARDENED MUD

47
Q

Due to food scarcity, Stone Age people started to___

A

DOMESTICATE ANIMALS

48
Q

has necessitated systematic understanding of animals in terms of their behavior and favorable traits resulting to desired characteristics

49
Q

have started accidentally when early inhabitants discovered seeds can grow anywhere

50
Q

Two important inventions enabled traders to move more goods over longer distances

A

WHEEL AND SAIL

51
Q

To cultivate more land and produce extra crops for trading, ancient people began to build elaborate

A

IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

52
Q

Wheel was invented later and found its early use in ____ region and certain parts of China

A

MESOPOTAMIAN

53
Q

Civilizations that emerged from ancient times

A

EGYPT AND MESOPOTAMIA

54
Q

Discovery of different materials like copper and bronze for the tools

A

ANCIENT TIMES

55
Q
  • Fertile Crescent
A

MESOPOTAMIA

56
Q

Curved shape of land including lands facing Mediterranean Sea and plain between Tigris and Euphrates rivers

A

MESOPOTAMIA

57
Q

Mesopotamia is Flooded yearly (unpredictable) leaving behind a thick mud called

58
Q

were able to invent ways to control the water with their canals, dams, and irrigation systems

A

Egyptians and Mesopotamians

59
Q

Considered gods on Earth who ruled over government, religion, and military

60
Q

Cuneus LATIN

61
Q

Used wedge-shaped tool to press symbols into clay, then baked clay in the sun to preserve the writing

A

SUMERIAN CUNEIFORM

62
Q

Used for record keeping, writing about wars and natural disasters, etc.

A

SUMERIAN CUNEIFORM

63
Q

Similar to Sumerian cuneiform, it used pictures to represent ideas

A

EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHICS

64
Q

Consisted of pictographs

A

EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHICS

65
Q

Used to document tax collection, laws, storage of grain, etc.

A

EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHICS

66
Q

Scribes recorded history, beliefs, and ideas of ancient Egypt (often times in the tombs of the pharaohs)

A

EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHICS

67
Q

Good ship-builders and traders

A

PHOENICIANS

68
Q

Brought with them their own system of writing called the alphabet

A

PHOENICIANS

69
Q

Similarities can be seen between Phoenician, Greek and modern-day alphabets

A

PHOENICIAN ALPHABET

70
Q

Became instrumental in the emergence of other disciplines and art like poetry, history and philosophy

A

PHOENICIAN ALPHABET

71
Q

Foundation of Greek Civilization

A

PHOENICIAN ALPHABET

72
Q

Rendered rational explanations to the workings of the universe without reference to their faith, religion, and other traditional beliefs

73
Q

This label can be a misnomer due to the good body of inventions and innovations during this period

74
Q

Labeled as such due to demographic, cultural and economic decline of Europe with reference to the fall of Roman Empire

75
Q

Left Europe in disarray

A

FALL OF ROMAN EMPIRE

76
Q

Local nobles solidified their control over their kingdom in a system called ____

77
Q

agreement between local landlords and peasants exchanging protection from barbaric attacks with labor

78
Q

This arrangement paved the way for establishment of capitalism

A

FALL OF ROMAN EMPIRE

79
Q

Gained control and influence while regulating anarchic tendencies especially among local landlords

A

CATHOLIC CHRUCH

80
Q

Established cathedral schools to address all concerns and justify their authority particularly on temporal affairs

A

CATHOLIC CHURCH

81
Q

main source of energy that fuels cultivation harness , horse shoe, stirrup, and other related inventions improved cultivations and transportation

82
Q

Harnessing of natural sources of energy

A

WATER AND WIND

83
Q

First books printed were

84
Q

any disturbance to the balance moves the instrument and measurement becomes reading for Earth movement

A

SEISMOGRAPH

85
Q

A period of unlearning and relearning of current state of knowledge in science and technology

A

MODERN TIMES

86
Q

Fundamental assumptions are critiqued and challenged = lead to scientific revolutions

A

MODERN TIMES

87
Q

affirmed Copernicus’ theory that the universe was heliocentric and not geocentric

A

GALILEO GALILEI

88
Q

tried to prove existence of an objective reality apart from the subjects = exploration and experimentation

A

RENE DESCARTES

89
Q

formulated laws found in nature = became reference point for analysis of other things that can be observed

A

ISAAC NEWTON

90
Q

together with Descartes, outlined the process in doing scientific inquiry popularly known as “Scientific Method”

A

FRANCIS BACON

91
Q

New knowledge and technical know-how coupled with demands of commerce catapulted the emergence of a new revolutio

A

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

92
Q

Applied the new understanding of reality from scientific inquiries to practical use

A

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

93
Q

Current understanding of reality brings forth related technologies that catered to the emergence of new but more complex technologies that address specific needs in various aspects of society

A

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

94
Q

Had its advantages in terms of new discoveries and inventions

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