Prelims Flashcards
Who said “Man is the measure of all things”
Protagoras
It came from the latin word “Humanus”
Humanities
studies how people process and document the human experience using philosophy, literature, religion, art, and history as a way if understanding and recording their world.
Humanities
comes from the word Aryan root ar, which means ‘to join’, or ‘put together’.
Art
The latin that means everything that is artificially made or composed by man
sars, artis
Particularly refers to the skillful arrangement or composition of some common but significant qualities of nature such as sounds, colors, lines, movements, words, stone, and wood to express feelings, thoughts, imaginations and dreams in an amazing, meaningful and enjoyable way.
Art
Painting, sculpture, literature, music, dance and theatre are examples of?
Functional Art
He is known for his famous Dialogues that includes his equally famous teacher, scorates. Was said to have loved and hated art at the same time. He was seen as a good literary stylist and a great story teller.
Plato
considered the arts as threatening, He saw how powerful the arts can be in shaping a person’s character.
Plato
Plato’s two ideas of the arts
- Art is imitation
- Art is dangerous
Plato explained that art is an imitation of physical things which in turn are imitations of the Forms.
art is imitation
According to plato, art has the power to stir emotions.
Art is dangerous
Are people who have the ability to make a better copy of the true Form. Having the skills, imagination and creativity that would enable them to make an almost perfect copy of the Forms.
Artists
Was a student of Plato. He first distinguished between what is good and what is beautiful. He stated that the good always presents itself in some action while a thing of beauty mah exist even in motionless objects or things.
Aristotle
According to him the universal elements of beauty are manifested by order, symmetry and definiteness. In his Poetics, he stated that physical manifestation of beauty is likewise affected by its size it should not be too big or too small.
Aristotle
He considered art as imitation or representation of nature. In representating nature, arts demonstrated knowledge and discovery, for objects of the art show disposition, passion and action.
Aristotle
Was a german, enlightenment philosopher. In 1763, he wrote a treatise on Aesthetics entitled, Observations on the feelings of the beautiful and the Sublime.
Immanuel Kant
Does not focus on the properties of the object itself but rather on the pleasure one experiences as he responds to it.
Subjective Taste
Is non-aesthetic and does not consider the beauty of the work or the mastery of the artist, but rather, the artwork is appreciated for what it is.
Universal Taste
A person who exhibits exceptional skills in the visual and/or the performing arts.
Artists
Is a person who is in a skilled trade that involves making things by hand.
Artisan
Were the dominant producers of consumer products prior to the Industrial Revolution.
Artisans
Different types of Art forms
- Painting. 5.Dance
- Sculpture. 6. Literature
- Architecture. 7. Theatre
- Music
This is best describes as the application of pigment to a surface. A two dimensional art form (Length and Width)
Painting
Best described as a three dimensional (Length, Width, Depth). It is created by a solid form using molding, carving, welding, casting, and assembling.
Sculpture
This is the most functional of all art forms. It involves creating designs for buildings and infrastracture.
Architecture
This is the art of sound expressed through a song, through the use of instruments or a combination of both. It should express rhythm, harmony, and melody that is soothing or appeals to the audience.
Music
The art of body movements that is attuned to a musical piece.
Dance
The art of using words to express thoughts, ideas, and feelings. Can take the form of poetry, novel, short story, essay, epid and legendsr to mention a few.
Literature
The performance of drama. Typically, actors perform on stage in front of a live audience.
Theatre
Who painted “The scream”
Edvard Munch
It is the second most famous painting behind the mona lisa
The scream
How many versions of the painting The scream have?
4
What is The Scream trying to depict?
Anxiety, Fear, Depression
What was the painting of Munch inspired to?
*Death of older sister sophie (13 years old)
*His own self portrait
*Peruvian Mummy he saw in World’s fair in Paris
Is the only one of four versions of the painting The Scream that remains in private collection
Pastel-on board version of 1895
After just 12 minutes how much was the painting sold?
$120 million or €75 million
Where was the painting sold to
Sothebys New York
Who bought the painting The Scream
Leon Black
refers to what the work represents. It could be a person, object, a scene or an event.
Subject of art
The artworks that have subjects are called?
representational or Objective arts
Artworks that do not have subjects are called?
non-representational or non-objective arts
They do not represent descriptions, stories or references to identifiable objects or symbols. Rather they appeal directly to the senses primarily because of the organization of their expressive elements
non-objective arts
This is the most popular source of objective art. Mountains, trees, animals, landscapes, seascapes etc.
ex. (Tree sculpting, Seascape Painting)
Nature
Human subjects, whether real or imagines, are the most interesting.
People
Historical art works depict real events which are verifiable facts that occured in the past.
History
Artworks based on _______ presents to viewers of the art something tangible even when unverified. Art brings life to these stories.
Legends
These artworks are based on the sacred texts: bible, quran, and torah.
Religion
Artworks can also be based on the stories of the gods and goddesses of Ancient greece, rome, celts, norse and the egyptians.
Mythology
The intrigue of the unconscious also inspires artists to present it through art for others to see, relate and interpret.
Dreams and fantasy
The modern era with its tall buildings and amazing machines are also subject mayter for the artist. Cityscapes, planes, cars, ships, etc.
Technology
Ways of presenting the subject
1.Naturalism. 6.Dadaism
2.Realism. 7.Futurism
3.Abstraction. 8.Surrealism
4.Symbolism. 9.Expressionism
5.Fauvism
One would immediately recognize that these images were imitated from the human figure.
Naturalism
This depicts the artis’ts attempt of portraying the subject as it is. They try to be as objective as possible in their subject presentation.
Realism
means “to move away or separate from”
Abstract
as subject presentation moves away from reality, from presenting the subject as it really is. It involves the process of simplifying or reorganizing characteristics and elements of the work.
Abstraction
Forms of Abstraction
1.Distortion
2.Elongation
3.Mangling
4.Cubism
results when the figures have been so arranged that its proportions differ significantly from reality.
Distortion
The subject is stretched vertically and/or some parts lengthened to give the impression of thinness.
Elongation
May not be so common in paintings but may be popular in other art forms (sculpture, theatre, and film). Artists show subject as cut, lacerated, mutilated or hacked with repeated blows.
Mangling
Is presented through the use of figures: cone, cylinder, sphere, triangle, square, cube, and circle.
Cubism
Is defined as visible sign of something invisible such as an idea or quality.
Symbolism
This subject presentation began in France, and was the first organized movement in painting of the 1900s.
Fauvism
The leader who first organized Fauvism
Henri Matisse
literally means wild beasts.
Fauvism
Is french for “hobby horse”
Dada
This is an art movement that doesn’t follow the traditions and principles in art.
Dadaism
This movement wanted their works to capture the speed and force of the modern industrial society.
Futurism
is an invented word for “super realism”
Surrealism
French poet that started Surrealism in Paris 1924
Andre Breton
It emphasized the activities of the subconscious mind. Subjects in this kind of presentation to show man’s inner mind and how may perceive outside world.
Surrealism
This style of art depicts the emotions aroused by objects and events. ( chaos, sadness, tragedy, defeat)
Expressionism
This art movement occured during the first decade of the 20th century in Germany.
Expressionism
They believe that man needs spiritual rebirth for him to correct defects that ruin the society.
Expressionism
They use the visual arts as their venue of expression. These includes the painters, the sculptors and the architects. They are also composed of filmmakers and graphic artists
Visual Artists
They are more adept at writing words and arranging musical notes to entice the imagination and evoke emotions. These artists include writers, poets, playwrights, novelists, and composers. Their works ranges from novels, poetry, plays to beautiful musical pieces.
Creative Artists
They express their art through execution in front of an audience. These artists are the dancers, singers, stage performers, actors, musicians and choreographers.
Performing artists
refers to the materials that an artist uses to communicate his ideas, feelings and imagination.
Medium
Since this art form can be perceived by the eyes, its medium are those materials that can be seen and occupy space.
Visual Arts
includes drawing, painting, mosaics, collage and printmaking.
Graphic or two-dimensional arts
includes sculpture, architecture, and installations.
Plastic or three-dimensional arts
The medium for this art classification are those that the viewers can hear and which are expressed in time. Belonging to these are music and literature.
Auditory or time arts
The medium for these art forms are those that the viewers can see and hear which considers both time and space. These includes dance, drama, and cinema.
Combined arts
An artist’s knowlege of the medium and his skill in making it achieve what he wants it to.
Technique
Is derived from the latin word “Curare” which means to take care. It is a process that involves managing, overseeing and assembling or putting together a presentation.
Curation
Is responsible for the acquisition of objects. He is the one who decides on what objects to select to be part of the collection for exhibit.
Curator
Fundamental skill needed in the visual arts.
Drawing
This is made of graphite which comes in different hardness from soft to hard or thickness from thick.
Pencil
is a drawing series of thin parallel lines that run in the same direction.
Hatching
Is drawing a series of thin parallel lines and criss-crossing it with another set of thin parallel lines.Creates a tone darker than hatching.
Cross-hatching
Is using the sharp point of the pencil to make dot patterns to create depth in some parts of the drawing.
Stippling
is at times accomplished by using the finger or a paper stump to gradually change the tone from dark to light.
Blending
Is one of the oldest material for drawing that is still in use. It allows for a great variety of qualities, depending on the tools and technique used in application.
Ink
This is composed of dry pigment held together by a gum binder and compressed into sticks.
Pastel
Three kinds of pastel
Soft Pastel
Hard Pastel
Oil Pastel
An organic medium that comes from burnt wood.
Charcoal
Pastel Techniques
1.Stippling
2.Feathering
3.Scumbling
4.Impasto
5.Sgrafitto
Is using pastel of different colors to produce small marks, thus, creating a pattern.
Stippling in pastel
Is using the point of the pastel to make parallel strokes creating a feather-like effect.
Feathering
Is layering but using pastel
Scumbling
is the technique of thickly applying the pastel by pressing it hard on the paper creating an opaque effect.
Impasto
is applying a thick deposit of pastel on the support then using a blunt pen, scrapes it off to reveal the underlying color.
Sgrafitto
Kinds of Charcoal
Manufactured Charcoal
Vine charcoal
is made from loose charcoal mixed with binder and pressed into sticks
Manufactured charcoal or compressed charcoal
comes in thin sticks that is easy to blend and erase.
Vine charcoal
A type of charcoal that produces dark, velvety tones
Soft Charcoal
a type of charcoal that produces the light, gray ones
Hard Charcoal
This is the most common surface used in two-dimensional art. is an organic material made from wood, grass and linen rags.
Paper
Three types of paper
- Hot-pressed
- Cold-pressed
- Rough paper
Also known as smooth paper
Hot pressed paper
Paper that has a moderate texture
Cold-pressed paper
Paper that has the most texture
Rough paper
has been described as the art of creating beautiful effects on a flat surface. It is the process of applying paint onto a smooth surface
Painting
is the part of the paint that gives the color. It is fine powder which was grounded from clay, stone, mineral, vegetable matter or produced by a chemical process.
Pigment
the pigments are mixed with water and applied to paper.
Watercolor
This is paint in which the pigment has been. mixed with water and added with a chalk-like material to give in. an opaque effect.
Gouache
The pigments are mixed with oil as its binder. This medium was discovered by a Flemish painter Jan Van Eyck in the 15th century, when he suspended colored pigments in linseed oil.
Oil paints
The Ideal surface for oil paints
Canvas and wood
is a dense painting medium and gives rich, beautiful colors. It is a flexible medium that is slow to dry which allows the painting to be changed and worked over before drying completely.
Oil paint
This is pigment mixed with egg yolk (sometimes with the white) as binder. Sometimes gum or glue is used in place of egg.
Tempera
This is pigment mixed with water and applied on a portion of the wall with wet plaster. The wet plaster allows the color to stick to the surface and thus, becomes a permanent part of the wall.
Fresco
is used for mural painting
Fresco
refers to the massive paintings on walls or ceilings using various techniques. It may be purely decorative or may be commissioned for religious or didactic purposes.
Mural
This is a modern medium of synthetic paint using acrylic emulsion as binder. is widely used by contemporary painters.
Acrylic
are wall or floor decorations made of small tiles or irregularly cut pieces of colored stones or glass called tesserae.
Mosaics
is derived from a French world ‘coller’ which means to stick. is a technique of making an art work by gluing or pasting on a firm support materials or found objects.
Collage
This is a process used for making reproductions of graphic works. allows for the repeated transfer of a master image from a printing plate (matrix) onto a surface.
Printmaking
This is the oldest method of printmaking. The technique involves cutting away (using knives or gouges)
Relief Printing (Raised).
This technique is the opposite of relief printing; instead of using the surface of the plate for the image, the lines of the image are cut or incised to a metal plate.
Intaglio Printing (Depressed).
This includes all processes in which printing is done from a flat surface (plane). Example of this type is serigraphy or silkscreen printing.
Surface Printing (Flat).
This word originated from the latin word “sculpere” which means to carve
Suclpture
Three kinds of sculpture
Freestanding
Relief
Kinetic
These are sculptures which can be viewed from all sides.
Freestanding
These are sculptures in which the figures project from a background
Relief
2 variations of relief
Low relief
High relief
The figures are slightly raised/projected from its background
Low relief
Almost half of the figures project from its background, more shadows are created
High relief
A sculpture that is capable of movement by wind, water or other forms of energy.
Kinetic
This process involves removing or cutting away pieces of the material to form the figure. The sculptor achieves this through the use of special tools like chisels, hammers, saws and grinders.
Subtractive process.
This process involves the construction of a figure by. putting together bits of the material or by welding together metal parts to create figures.
Additive process.
This process is also known as casting. This method involves using a mold to produce a 3D figure in another material.
Process of Substitution.
is a natural medium. It is hard and relatively permanent. Sculptures made from this will last for many years. Marble is deemed by sculptors as the most beautiful stone for sculpture.
Stone
is also natural medium. When compared to stone, it is relatively easy to work on. durability depending on the kind of tree it came from.
Wood
This medium is used for sculpture because of its three unique qualities: tensile strength, ductility and malleability. sculptures is through assembling (welding) and casting.
Metal
is also known as Inox steel. It is made from a combination of steel and chromium. Chromium This medium does not rust or stain when exposed to moisture and water.
Stainless steel
is an alloy of two elements: tin and copper. Its color is reddish-brown and will corrode if constantly exposed to water and moisture.
Bronzé
is an alloy of copper and zinc that gives it a yellowish golden color. is more malleable than bronze and has a lower melting point.
Brass
specifically, Plaster of Paris is finely ground gypsum mixed with water and poured into a mold. This material dries quickly depending on the size of the mold. After it has dried, it can be painted with different colors.
Plaster
This is baked clay or clay fired in a kiln at a relatively high temperature. Firing the clay causes the moisture to evaporate hardening the clay.
Tera cotta (cooked earth)
This is made by heating and cooling a combination of sand and soda lime. may be transparent, translucent or opaque
Glass
Different techniques for sculptures of glass
- Hot sculpting
- Cold Working
- Glass Blowing
is using a metal rod to gather the molten glass from the furnace and shapes it using another tool.
Hot sculpting
is using cold hardened glass. This involves sandblasting, engraving, polishing and grinding to create the sculpture of glass.
Cold working
is gathering the molten glass from the furnace using a blowpipe. Air is blown into the pipe and shapes the glass before it cools down.
Glass blowing
is a synthetic medium made from organic polymers. While this is soft, it can be molded into a form. Sculptures using this are usually reproductions of the original work.
Plastic
is the art of designing buildings and other structures which will serve a definite function.
Architecture
Most houses are built on this principle. It is the oldest construction system that makes use of two vertical support (post) spanned by a horizontal beam (lintel). This structure was invented by the Greeks.
Post and Lintel
- This is a Roman invention that consists of separate pieces of wedge - shaped blocks called voussoirs arranged in a semi-circle. The most important part is the keystone which is the stone at the top center that locks the pieces together into a single curved structure.
Arch
is a succession of arches, one placed directly behind another to produce a structure similar to a tunnel. It has two openings, one on each end.
Barrel Vault
is a structure that is formed by intersecting arches resulting in four openings.
Groin Vault
The area at the center of a groin vault is called?
Bay
is a structure with the shape of an inverted cup. It is formed by a series of arches rising from consecutive points on a base called the drum.
Dome
This is a system of triangular forms assembled to form a rigid framework. These are used in bridges, theaters, and roofs.
Truss
This is a structure that makes use of a beam or slab that extends horizontally into space beyond its supporting post. It is constructed to be strong enough to support floors and walls.
Cantilever
. This is a structure that is built as a support for the wall.
Buttress
In most European churches buttress built to support the dome are called?
flying buttresses
are favored over other materials for its durability, adaptability to sculptural treatment and its use for building simple structures in its natural state. But this is difficult to quarry, transport and cut.
Stones
compare favorably with stones as a structural material. They are fire and water resistant, easy to produce, transport and use.
Bricks
All parts of a building can be constructed using wood except the foundations; major disadvantages are susceptibility to fire, mold and termites.
Lumber (wood)
The development of construction methods using ___________ was the most important innovation in architecture since ancient times.
Iron and steel
This is a mixture of cement and water, with aggregates of sand and gravel, which hardens rapidly resulting in a fire resisting solid of great compressive strength.
Concrete
is the art of combining spoken or written words and their meanings into forms which have artistic and emotional appeal. Language is the medium of _________. The writer uses words to build up his compositions.
Literature
All _______ share similar characteristics which makes it easy for the reader to recognize them. For instance, ________ are written in lines and not in sentences or paragraph form.
Poetry
This is any written work that is not real and which uses elaborate figurative language. this ,however, is more structured than poetry.
Fiction
is based on the writer’s creativity and imagination, the subject matter can be anything. The work can be of the past, present or future
Fiction
This is the opposite of fiction because the subject matter comes from real life. This works are all based on real people and real world experiences.
Nonfiction
This genre includes all plays or any written works that are meant to be performed. This type of literature is written with the intention of being performed for an audience.
Drama
is defined as the art of combining and regulating sounds of varying pitch to produce compositions that express various ideas and feelings.
Music
The oldest and most popular medium for music is the human voice. It is the most personal as it comes from within the person.
Vocal Medium
is the highest female singing voice.
Soprano
is a female singing voice that is low and rich in quality.
Contra Alto
is the highest adult male singing voice.
Tenor
is a male singing voice that is low and rich in quality.
Bass
is a male singing voice that is between tenor and bass.
Baritone
Aside from or together with the human voice are the materials that produce/create sound. These medium may be natural or invented to produce a distinct type of sound.
Instrumental Medium
provide the basic orchestral sounds. They produce tones by means of the vibration of the stretched string.
String Instruments
Two kinds of string instruments
- Bowed Strings
- Plucked Strings
produce tones by means of a bow of horse hair. Violin, viola, violoncello and the double bass are examples.
Bowed Strings
produce tones by plucking the strings with a finger or with a plectrum held in one’s hand.
Plucked Steings
create sounds by blowing into them. The air blown causes vibration which can be altered by shortening or lengthening the column of air inside the instrument.
Woodwind instruments
have cup-shaped mouthpieces and expands into a bell-shaped end. Sound is produced by blowing into the mouthpiece. The sound can be altered depending on the tension of the lips.
Brass Instruments
make sound by hitting them with the hands, special sticks or by striking or shaking their parts together.
Percussion Instruments
make sound by means of a keyboard which consists of a series of black and white keys. Depression of a key produces sound. The piano, harpsichord, celesta and organ belong to this group.
Keyboard Instruments
was written in the European tradition covering the years 1750 to 1830. During this period, forms such as the symphony, concerto, and sonata were standardized.
Classical Music
originated in the traditional popular culture or is written - in such a style. is created by unknown composers and is basically transmitted orally from generation to generation.
Folk Music
is a genre of popular music which began in the 1950s and is inspired in the tradition of rock and roll.
Pop music
originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans in the United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Jazz
originated from the African Americans in the Deep South of the United States in the late 19th century. This musical genre incorporated spiritual songs, work songs, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads.
Blues
is a form of popular music that evolved from rock and roll and pop music. It became popular during the middle to late 1960s. was characterized by musical experimentation and drug-related/anti-establishment lyrics.
Rock music
is a style of rock music that emerged from the independent music of the 1980s and gained popularity in the 1990s. The word “alternative” refers to the genre’s distinction from mainstream rock music.
Alternative Music
is said to be the oldest of all arts. Man’s gestures express emotions through rhythmic movements. Body movements heighten the pleasure of being and at the same time mirror the life of the society.
Dance
Types of Dances
- Ethnologic Dances
Soical or Ballroom dances - Ballet
- Music Comedy (Musicale)
- Drama and theatre
includes folk dances associated with a national and/or cultural groups.
Ethnologic (ethnic) dances
are the type of dancing that are generally performed in pairs. Examples are tango, waltz and boogie.
Social or ballroom dances
is a type of dance which originated in the royal courts of the Medieval era.It may be a solo or concerted performance on stage accompanied by music.
Ballet
are sometimes called contemporary or interpretative dances. They represent a rebellion against the classical formalism of ballet. Emphasizes in personal communication of moods
Social or ballroom
refers to those dances performed by one dancer or a group of dancers in theaters; night clubs, motion pictures and television.
Musical comedy (musicale)
is a genre of literature that is intended to be acted-out or performed on stage in front of an audience. Once the drama is performed then it becomes a theatrical presentation.
Drama
Genres of Drama
- Tragedy
- Melodrama
- Comedy
- Satire
- Farce
is one of literature’s greatest dramatic genre. It is drama that presents life as solemn and serious.
Tragedy
a type of drama that emphasizes the never ending battle between good and evil wherein good always wins.
Melodrama
is drama that is the exact opposite of a tragedy. Tragedies and comedies have similar components but differ in the characteristics of each one.
Comedy
portrays human weakness and criticizes human behavior to pave the path to some form of salvation for human actions. Romantic comedies portray human weakness in a more subtle way.
Satire
is. a light humorous play in which the emphasis is on jokes, humorous physical action, exaggerated situations and improbable characters.
Farce
can be described as a series of images that are projected onto a screen to create the illusion of motion. This is also known as motion pictures
Cinema
enables people to immerse themselves in an imaginary world for a short period of time.
Cinema
are recorded using specially designedcameras that capture the images on rolls of film**.
Motion pictures
Genres of Motion Pictures
- Feature films
- Animated films
- Documentary Movies
- Experimental Films
- Educational Films
are the movies most commonly shown in large movie theaters. They typically last from 1 ½ to 2 hours. These films portray fictional stories or stories based on real events but are portrayed by actors.
Feature films
follow the same format as feature films, but use images created by artists/ animators. These films create the illusion of movement from a series of two-dimensional drawings, three-dimensional objects, or computer-generated images.
Animated movies
deal primarily with facts, not fiction. are usually not shown theaters, but are broadcast regularly on cable and television
Documentary Movies
are sequence of images, literal or abstract, which do not necessarily form a narrative.
Experimental films
are specifically intended to facilitate learning at home or in the classrooms. Their aim is to provide instruction on various subjects ranging from history to cooking.
Educational films
People behind a Motion Picture
- Actors
- Producers
- Screenwriter
- Director
play the roles of the characters in the film. They do more than just act. They prepare themselves for the role both mentally and physically.
Actors
handles finances which includes: paying for the production of the project, hiring actors and the production team, supervisingthe production process, and making arrangements for distributing the finished film to theaters.
Producer
develops stories and ideas for the screen or adapts interesting written pieces of work as motion pictures.
Screenwriter
studies the script, plans and visualizes how the film should. be portrayed, and guides the actors and the production crew as they carry out the project.
Director
