prelims

Question 1

raw,unprocessedfactsandfigures that
havenointrinsicmeaningorcontext.Itis the
fundamental inputinanyinformationmanagement
process.

Answer 1

data

Question 2

characteristics of data

Answer 2

-lacks structure or meaning until organized
-can exist in various formats

Question 3

processed, structured,or
organizeddatathatprovidescontext,relevance,
andmeaning,enablingdecision-makingor
understanding.

Answer 3

information

Question 4

characteristics of information

Answer 4

-derived through analysis, interpretation and presentation
-provides context, making data actionable and useful

Question 5

data(nature, context, purpose, example)

Answer 5

nature: raw facts and figures
context: no context
purpose: collected for potential use
example: 1, 2, 3

Question 6

information(nature, purpose, context, example)

Answer 6

nature: processed and meaningful
context: contextual and structured
purpose: used for understanding and decisions
example: “sales increased by 50% last month”

Question 7

types of data

Answer 7

-based on structure
-based on origin
-based on processing
-based on sensitivity
-based on format
-based on use
-based on storage and accessibility

Question 8

Datathatisorganizedintoa
definedformat, suchas rowsand
columns,makingiteasytosearch
andanalyze.

Answer 8

structured data

Question 9

examples of structured data

Answer 9

-databases
-spreadsheets
-ms excel

Question 10

Datathatlacksapredefined
structure,makingitharderto
organizeandanalyze.

Answer 10

unstructured data

Question 11

examples of unstructured data

Answer 11

-text documents
-images
-videos
-emails

Question 12

Datathatdoesnotconformtoa
strict structurebut stillcontains
tagsormarkers fororganization.

Answer 12

semi structured data

Question 13

example of semi structured data

Answer 13

-xml, json, yaml files
-log files

Question 14

collected directly from the source for a specific purpose

Answer 14

primary data

Question 15

examples of primary data

Answer 15

survey results, sensor data, interviews

Question 16

data collected from existing sources, not directly by the user

Answer 16

secondary sources

Question 17

examples of secondary sources

Answer 17

research papers, government reports, online datasets

Question 18

data in its original, unprocessed form

Answer 18

raw data

Question 19

examples of raw data

Answer 19

-output from sensors
-log from systems

Question 20

data that has been cleaned, analyzed and organized for specific use

Answer 20

processed data

Question 21

examples of processed data

Answer 21

-reports
-summaries
-dashboards

Question 22

data available to the general public without restrictions

Answer 22

public data

Question 23

examples of public data

Answer 23

-open government data
-public research findings

Question 24

data meant to be confidential and restricted to specific individuals or groups

Answer 24

private data

Question 25

examples of private data

Answer 25

-financial records
-personal emails

Question 26

data that if exposed, can cause harm or breaches

Answer 26

sensitive data

Question 27

examples of sensitive data

Answer 27

-social security numbers
-health records

Question 28

data stripped of identifiable information to protect privacy

Answer 28

anonymized data

Question 29

example of anonymized data

Answer 29

aggregated demographic data

Question 30

alphanumeric characters stored as plain text or documents

Answer 30

text data

Question 31

examples of text data

Answer 31

-reports
-notes
-emails

Question 32

data represented in numerical form

Answer 32

numerical data

Question 33

examples of numerical data

Answer 33

-financial transactions
-scientific measurements

Question 34

data in non-text formats such as images, videos, and audio

Answer 34

multimedia data

Question 35

examples of multimedia data

Answer 35

-photographs
-mp3 files
-youtube videos

Question 36

data divided into categories or levels

Answer 36

categorical data

Question 37

examples of categorical data

Answer 37

-gender
-product types

Question 38

data indexed by time, showing changes over a period

Answer 38

time-series data

Question 39

example of time-series data

Answer 39

-stock price
-weather patterns

Question 40

data used for day to day operations of an organization

Answer 40

operational data

Question 41

examples of operational data

Answer 41

-transaction records
-inventory data

Question 42

data used for analysis, decision making, and strategic planning

Answer 42

analytical data

Question 43

examples of analytical data

Answer 43

-sales trends
-customer behavior analytics

Question 44

large and complex datasets that cannot be processed using traditional tools

Answer 44

big data

Question 45

examples of big data

Answer 45

-social media activity
-iot device logs

Question 46

data that is processed and delivered immediately as it is generated

Answer 46

real time data

Question 47

examples of real time data

Answer 47

-live stock market updates
-online gaming stats

Question 48

data stored for historical purposes and compliance

Answer 48

archived data

Question 49

examples of archived data

Answer 49

old financial records, email archives

Question 50

types of information by nature

Answer 50

-factual
-subjective
-objective
-analytical

Question 51

types of information based on format

Answer 51

-textual
-numerical
-visual
-auditory