PRELIMS Flashcards
1
Q
Refers to the āScience of firearms identificationā
which involves the scientific examination of ballistic
exhibits ā fired bullet, fired shells, firearms, and
allied matters ā used in crimes.
A
Forensic Ballistics
2
Q
Is the science of the motion of the projectile and
the condition that affects their motion.
A
Ballistics
3
Q
The word āBallisticsā was originated from the Greek
word
A
Ballo or Ballein
4
Q
means to throw or to propel
A
Ballo or Ballein
5
Q
a gigantic bow or catapult used throw
missiles and large objects such as stones at a
particular distance to deter animal or enemy forces.
From those words the term Ballistics was derived to
indicate the science of moving projectile.
A
Ballista
6
Q
Is any metallic or non-metallic ball which is
propelled from a firearm. An object that can be
fired or launched
A
projectile
7
Q
mobility or movement of the projectile from
the time it leaves the shell empty; it leaves the gun
muzzle and until it reach its target or fall in the
ground
A
Motion
8
Q
Known as āThe Father of Modern Ballisticsā
A
COL. CALVIN GODDARD
9
Q
He was able to establish a comparison
microscope used to determine whether or
not a bullet or shell was fired on a particular
firearm
A
COL. CALVIN GODDARD
10
Q
Founded the Smith and Wesson
A
HORACE SMITH & DANIEL WESSON
11
Q
The maker of the breech-loading rifles and
revolvers
A
HORACE SMITH & DANIEL WESSON
12
Q
The āWizard of Modern Firearmā
A
JOHN BROWNING
13
Q
Pioneered the breech-loading single
shot rifled which was adopted by
Winchester
A
JOHN BROWNING
14
Q
Pioneered the making of Thompson sub-
machine gun
A
JOHN THOMPSON
15
Q
Creator of the First-known Carbine
A
DAVID WILLIAMS
16
Q
Create the first practical revolver.
A
SAMUEL COLT
17
Q
He invented a sub-machine gun in the
1950ās which was used by the Israeli Army
during its Sinai campaign in 1956
A
UZIEL GAL
18
Q
ALEXANDER JOHN FORSYTH
A
FATHER OF THE PERCUSSION
IGNITIONā
19
Q
He is the manufacturer of the Pocket Pistol
A
HENRY DERRINGER
20
Q
Designed and invented the Semi Automatic
U.S Rifle Cal. 30. M1 Garand.
A
JOHN GARAND
21
Q
A well-known expert in the field of SMG
developed in 1941.
A
GEORGE HYDE
22
Q
Designed the AK (Automat Kalashnikova)
47 adopted by the Russian Army in 1951
A
MIKHAIL KALSHNIKOV
23
Q
Designed the U.S M16 Armalite under
license by Colt Company from July 1959
A
EUGENE STONER
24
Q
One of the earliest rifle and pistol maker
A
OLIVE WINCHESTER
25
The earliest known type of handgun was
simply a small cannon
Hand Cannons.
26
1st major advance in pistols that can be fired using one hand.
matchlock
27
credited the creation to Johann
Kiefuss of Nuremberg, Germany. A type of
FA that has a serrated wheel.
wheel lock
28
A weapon with a mainspring inside the lock plate and a priming pan cover which had to be manually pushed back before firing
snaphaunce
29
wrapped in chemically treated paper to allow the carrying of numerous pre-measured charges or preloaded rounds
ball and powder
30
the same with the wheel lock but
replaced the iron pyrite with a flint
flintlock
31
like the snaphaunce, it is also a
type of flintlock where the mainspring will
be automatically pushed back before
firing
miquelet
32
British Army officer,
developed the Ferguson rifle, a
breechloading flintlock a firearm
patrick ferguson
33
patented the first revolver and
marketed in 1872, a breech loading revolver
samuel colt
34
the first selfexpanding cartridge;
The Le Faucheux, developed by the French
which used a Pin-Fire Cartridge,
35
a six-barreled weapon capable of
firing a phenomenal 200 rounds per minute, considering its usefulness. It is considered the precursor to the modern machine gun;
gatling gun
36
The most famous revolver in history and legend was manufactured
Colt Peacemaker, model 1873, .45 cal.
37
developed the first fully automatic gun;
Hiram maxim
38
first automatic pistol was created by
Joseph Laumann
39
Is the forward motion of the bullet or shots out of the shell by the action of the expansive force of gasses from a burning gun powder.
direct
40
Is the action of the bullet passing through a
rifled bore barrel firearm which is either twisted to the left or to the right.
rotary
41
The straight line movement where every part of the projectile follows a parallel path and no rotation takes place
translational
42
three types of motion
direct, rotary, translational
43
BRANCHES OF BALLISTICS
Interior Ballistics
Transitional/Intermediate Ballistics
External Ballistics
Terminal Ballistics
Forensic Ballistics
44
SUB-BRANCHES OF BALLISTICS
Shot Ballistics
Wound Ballistics
45
The branch of ballistics which is concerned with the properties of the projectile or bullet while still inside the barrel of the gun and this extends from the breech to the muzzle.
INTERIOR/INTERNAL BALLISTICS
46
The explosion of the bullet is
.0002 sec
47
The bullets occupies the muzzle of the firearm for only
0.01 sec
48
THE CONDITIONS ATTRIBUTED TO
INTERNAL BALLISTICS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
1. Firing pin hitting the primer
2. Ignition of the priming mixture
3. Combustion of the gun powder/powder
charge or propellant
4. Expansion of heated gas
5. Pressure developed
6. Energy generated
7. Recoil of the gun
8. Velocity of the bullet inside the barrel
9. Rotation of the bullet inside the barrel
10. Engraving of the cylindrical surface of the bullet
49
Failure of the cartridge to explode after
the firing pin strikes the primer
misfire
50
MISFIRE DEFECTS:
i Broken Firing Pin
ii Loose Firing Pin
iii Lacking length in Firing Pin
(specially homemade gun)
51
Delayed of explosion of the cartridge
after the firing pin strikes the primer
Hangfire
52
HANGFIRE DEFECTS
i Wet Priming Mixture
ii The Anvil is not properly fixed
(slanting position)
iii No vent or flash hole (Factory
defect)
iv No priming mixture at all (Factory
defect)
53
Jump another portion of the recoil action
characterized as the backward and upward
movement that takes place before the bullet leaves the muzzle.
recoil of the gun
54
It is the projectileās behaviour from the
time it leaves the muzzle until the
pressure behind the projectile is
equalized.
TRANSITIONAL/INTERMEDIATE
BALLISTICS
55
Rotation of the bullet from its front side
TUMBLE
56
The unsteady and uneven spin or
rotation of a bullet; usually caused by
insufficient twist in the riffle barrel on its
back side
wobble
57
Refers to the study of the bullets or
missiles flight after it leaves the gun muzzle
and before it strikes the target.
EXTERNAL/EXTERIOR BALLISTICS
58
The noise created at the
muzzle point.
Muzzle Blast
59
The energy generated at the muzzle point.
Muzzle energy
60
Conditions of the bullet in flight
YAW
PRECESSION
NUTATION
RANGE
VELOCITY
AIR RESISTENCE/AERODYNAMIC
DRAG
PULL OF GRAVITY
PENETRATION
61
The trembling or unstable rotating
motion of bullet at the start of its flight
yaw
62
It is the rotating movement of the bullet
PRECESSION
63
The unsteady movement of the bullet or
wobbling movement of the bullet
Nutation
64
Refers to the steady-flight or parabola-
like flight of the bullet
trajectory
65
the distance between the muzzle
and the target
Range
66
the distance in which the shooter has the
control of his shots.
accurate range
67
farthest distance the projectile can be
propelled.
maximum range
68
distance where the projectile can inflict
damage
EFFECTIVE RANGE (WOUNDING
CAPABILITY)
69
the farthest distance the projectile is
effective against the intended target
maximum effective range
70
rate of speed of the bullet in
flight. It is expressed in Feet per Second
(F/S).
velocity
71
resistance encountered by the
bullet in flight.
AIR RESISTENCE/AERODYNAMIC
DRAG
72
the downward reaction
of the bullet due to its weight
PULL OF GRAVITY
73
the depth to which the
bullet has entered its target or object hit
penetration
74
Refers to the impact or effect of the
bullet on the target.
TERMINAL BALLISTICS
75
capability of the
bullet to penetrate various materials
PENETRATION POTENTIAL
76
effect of the bullet on
the living tissue
WOUND BALLISTICS
77
refers to the size of the
bullet groupings on the target
Terminal Accuracy
78
energy of the projectile when it hits the target
Terminal Energy
79
speed of the bullet once it
hits the target
Terminal Velocity
80
depth of the bullet to
the target
Terminal Penetration
81
the depth to which a projectile sinks
Penetration
82
It is a discipline that refers to the investigation and identification of the
cartridge and what firearm it is specifically
fired at. The branch of science which the
police used as their guide in their investigation.
FORENSIC BALLISTICS
83
it is all the investigative activities done in the field involving the use of firearms and ammunition.
FIELD INVESTIGATION
84
a task done at the laboratory
TECHNICAL EXAMINATION
85
the presentation of evidence and technical
reports to the trial court.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
86
form of physical trauma sustained from the discharge of arms or munitions.
A gunshot wound, also known as GSW,
ballistic trauma or bullet wound
87
gun muzzle pressed against, or within an
inch or two, of the body.
contact
88
6 inches to 2 ft.
close discharge
89
over 2 ft. or 3 ft.
distance discharge
90
bullet has been lodged and has remained in the body
SOUVENIR BULLET
91
bullet that is not lodged in place where it
was previously located
BULLET MIGRATION
92
special form of bullet migration when the
bullet loses its momentum while inside the chamber of the heart or inside the big blood vessels and carried out by the circulating blood to some parts of the body where it may lodged
BULLET EMBOLISM
93
If the number of gunshot wounds of
entrance and exit found in the body of the
victim is even, the presumption is that no
bullet is lodged in the body, but if the
number of the gunshot wounds of entrance
and exit is odd, the presumption is that one
or more bullets might have been lodged in
the body.
THE ODD AND EVEN RULE IN GUNSHOT
WOUNDS
94
Deals with the attributes and properties
of shots and pellets. Focused with the study
of shots/pellets from smoothbore like
shotguns and muskets
SHOTS BALLISTICS
95
It is an open wound produced by the penetration of pellets or shots within the tissues of the body.
SHOTGUN WOUND
96
Expressed in hundredths of an inch such
as Cal .45, .38, .25, .30.
American System (2 digits)
97
Expressed in thousandths of an inch such as Cal .357, .380, .223.
English System (3 digits)
98
Expressed in millimeters such as Cal 9mm, 5.56mm, 7.62mm.
Continental/ European System
99
Is the tube, usually made of metal, through which a controlled explosion or
rapid expansion of gases are released in order to propel a projectile out of the end at a high velocity.
gun barrel
100
an instrument used for the
propulsion of projectiles by means of the expansive forces of gases coming from burning
gunpowder.
firearm
101
instrument used for the
propulsion of projectiles by means of the
expansive forces of gases coming from burning
gunpowder.
firearm
102
designed to be fired from the shoulder.
rifle
103
smoothbore FA designed to shoot single
pellet.
musket
104
smoothbore FA designed to shoot
several pellets.
shotgun
105
a handgun with rotating cylinder.
revolver
106
a handgun that could be semi-auto or
auto/full auto.
pistol
107
Cal 2.7mm, 5 shots) is the smallest pistol in the World, made in 1914.
KOLIBRI AUTO PISTOL
108
now, considered the most powerful handgun in the world. It replaced Magnum
.44.
caliber .50
109
Came from the French ācarabine.ā This
is a Cal .30 FA invented by David āCarbineā
William having a barrel of not more than 22
inches as shortened versions of full-length
rifles.
carbine
110
Single Action Firearm is a mechanism of FA that requires manually cocking the hammer before squeezing trigger when
firing.
single action firearm
111
a mechanism
of a FA wherein squeezing the trigger automatically releases the hammer.
double action firearm
112
Firearms that have no rifling (lands and grooves) inside their gun barrel.
smooth bore firearms
113
Firearms that have rifling inside
their gun barrel.
rifle bore firearms
114
that portion of the bore remaining after
the rifling of grooves have been cut
lands
115
spiral cuts in a bore which cause the
bullet to spin as it travels down the barrel
grooves
116
Refers to those type of firearms that
propels projectile with more than one inch
diameter.
artillery
117
Refers to those type of firearms that
propels projectile with more than one inch
diameter.
artillery
118
Are firearms that propels projectile with
less than one inch diameter and it can be
handled, moved and operated by one man
small rms
119
is a type of firearm that is primarily
designed for military use. Is a weapon which
shoots, or is designed to shoot,
automatically more than one shot without
manual reloading, by a single press of the
trigger.
MACHINE GUNS
120
Is a light, portable form of machine gun, utilizing a pistol size ammunition, having a shoulder stock that may or may not be folded and designed to be fired with both hands
SUB MACHINE GUN
121
Is a light, portable form of machine gun, utilizing a pistol size ammunition, having a shoulder stock that may or may not be folded and designed to be fired with both hands
SUB MACHINE GUN
122
are those types of firearm that were normally fired from the shoulder.
SHOULDER ARMS
123
A shoulder weapon designed to fire a projectile with more accuracy through a long rifled bore barrel, usually more than 22 inches.
rifles
124
These are firearms designs that were set even
before the manufacture of FAs. These are the
factory specifications.
CLASS CHARACTERISTICS
125
determined with a bullet, shell, or bore of the gun.
CALIBER OR BORE DIAMETER
126
always the same in number.
NO. OF LANDS AND GROOVES
127
how wide the lands and grooves. NOT always the same.
WIDTH OF LANDS AND GROOVES
128
either RIGHT or LEFT.
TWIST OF RIFLING
129
one complete turn of bullet inside the barrel.
PITCH OF RIFLING
130
how deep the groove or the height of every land.
DEPTH OF GROOVES
131
refers to spiral grooves cut into the bore of a barrel which impart a stabilizing spin to the bullet
rifling
132
types of rifling
on the basis of direction
on the basis of shape
133
in case of smooth bore firearms, number of lead balls of a particular diameter it would take to equal a pound is known as
gauge
134
in case of rifled firearms the distance between the opposite lands or grooves is known as
calibre
135
are indentations created when the firing pin of a fiream strikes the primer of centerfire cartridge case of the fim of a rim fire cartridge case
firing pin impressions
136
types of rifling on the basis of direction
leftwards
rightwards
137
types of rifling on the basis of direction
138
types of rifling on the basis of shape (6)
polygroove
polygonal
lancaster oval bore
ratchet
whitworth
conventional 8 grooves
139
different shapes of firing pin
rectangular flat
rectangular pointed
cylindrical truncated cone
cylindrical flat
cylinder semi spheric
square rounded
rectangular rounded
140
are the impression marks developed when the projectile recoils rearwards umder impact of high pressure of gases produced by ignition of charge and strikes with the breech face of the firearm
breech face marks
141
different breech-face marks. (6)
heavy left side
vertical
sansdblasted
mottled
rim dents
mouse ears
142
different chamber marks (7)
curved
spiral
light ramp bulging
diagonal
dirt flow
thin
heavy ramp
143
are the striation marks formed by the extractor of most auto-loading or repeating firearms
extractor marks
144
are the striation marks developed from ejector present as an opposing edge on the rear end during ejection/ removal of the cartridge case from the chamber.
ejector marks
145
is the type of rifling having four (4) lands and grooves, right twist and the width of the lands grooves. (4 RG=L)
steyer type
146
rifling having (4) lands and grooves, right twist, the width of the grooves is two (2) times the width of the lands (4RG2X).
carbine type
147
rifling having (5) lands and grooves, right hand twist, the width of the land and grooves are equal. (5RG=L)
smith and wesson
148
type of rifling having six (6) lands and grooves, left twist, the width of the grooves is twice (2) the width of the lands. (6LG2X)
colt
149
twist of rifling hand guns
steyer type
carbine type
smith and wesson
colt
150
twist of riflings hand guns
browning
webley
winchester
151
type of rifling having (6) lands and grooves, right hand twist, the width of the
grooves is twice the width of the lands.
(6RG2X)
browning
152
Rifling having seven (7) lands and grooves, right hand twist, the width of the
groove is three time larger than the boarder of the lands. (7RG3X)
webley
153
Rifling having six (6) lands and grooves, right hand twist, the width of the grooves is three time larger the width of the lands (6RG3X)
winchester
154
ACCORDING OF MECHANICAL CONSTRUCTION (9)
single shot firearms
repeating arms
bolt action type
lever action type
slide pump action type
semi automatic type
automatic fa
machine guns
single barreled shotgun double barreled shotgun
155
types of firearms designed to fire only one shot every loading.
single shot firearms
156
A type of firearms designed to fire several loads (shot) in one loading.
repeating arms
157
Type of firearms in which reloading takes place by manipulating the bolt back and forth.
bolt action type
158
the breech mechanism is cycled by an
external lever below the receiver
leve action type
159
Types of firearms in which loading take place by back and forth manipulation of
the under/over forearms of the gun.
slide pump action type
160
requires a separate pull of trigger for each shot fired
semi automatic type
161
type of firearms that constitutes a continuous firing in a single press of the trigger and while he trigger is press.
automatic firearms
162
type of firearms that constitutes a continuous firing in a single press of the trigger and while he trigger is press.
automatic firearms
163
is a type of firearm that designed to shoot, automatically more than one shot without manual reloading, by a single press
of the trigger.
machine guns
164
Loads, closes, fires and deloads single cartridge
single barreled shotgun
165
Side by side barrel or over and under
double barreled shotgun
166
THE BARREL CONSTRUCTION OF
SHOTGUN
pump action type shotgun
auto loading shotguns
cylinder bore type
choke bored gun
167
The operated by means of sliding lever under the barrel.
PUMP ACTION TYPE SHOTGUN/ SLIDE
ACTION
168
The same as auto loading rifles, the recoil action reloads the gun from the
magazine.
AUTO-LOADING SHOTGUNS
169
which the bore size is the same through out the barrel
CYLINDER BORE TYPE
170
designed with a diminishing or reducing
bore diameter type towards the muzzle
choke bored gun
171
choke types
cylinder bore
improved cylinder choke
full choke
modified choke
172
shotgun class characteristics according to mechanical construction
break action
level action
bolt action
pump action
semi automatic action
173
MISCELLANEOUS TYPES OF GUN
CANE GUN, KNIFE PISTOLS, CELLPHONE GUN, ETC.
FREAKISH GUN
FLARE GUN
GAS GUN
TOOLS
TRAPS
ZIP GUN
HARPOON GUNS
174
parts of gun
barrel
rifling
lapping
breech
breechlock
butt
chamber
cylinder
ejector
extractor
frame
grip
hammer
magazine
muzzle
fromt sighy
rear sight
recoil spring
trigger
trigger guard
175
Gives direction to the bullet; the part of
the gun that initiates the path of the bullet
barrel
176
STAGES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BARREL
drilling
reaming
177
the construction of rifling inside the barrel.
rifling
178
smoothening/polishing of the inner surface of the barrel.
lapping
179
The part of the barrel at the opposite end of the muzzle
breech
180
Also known as the bolt, it is the steel block that closes the breech against the
force of the charge during firing.
breechblock
181
The part of the stock which is held
butt
182
The part of the bore into which a cartridge is placed; the enlarged space at
the breech of the barrel where the cartridge
is fed
chamber
183
The part of the revolver that serves as the magazine as well as chamber for
cartridges
cylinder
184
The mechanism that throws the empty
shell (cartridge case) from the firearm
ejector
185
The mechanism that pulls the empty shell from the chamber
extractor
186
Also called receiver, the part of the gun
that houses the internal parts; the body of a
firearm to which the barrel, stock, pistol grip,
sights, etc. are fixed and within which lies
the firing and breech mechanism
frame
187
The smaller part of the stock behind the
trigger guard (for rifles and shotguns); the
part of the gun firmly held by the shooter
thus stabilizing the aim while squeezing the
trigger
grip
188
The part of the firing mechanism in
revolvers and some pistol that is released
by the sear or the main spring once the
trigger is pressed; it strikes the firing pin
causing the pin to move forward and hit the
primer
hammer
189
A device for storing cartridges in a repeating firearm for loading into the
chamber
magazine
190
The end of the front end of the barrel where the bullet or pellet exits
muzzle
191
The fixed sight on top of the barrel near the muzzle used to aim the gun at the target
front sight
192
The sight found at the top of the breech area; this sight can be moved to change where the bullet will hit
rear sight
193
The spring in automatic or self loading weapons which returns the bolt or breech
block after recoil; sometimes known as the
return spring
recoil spring
194
The part of the gun that initiates the action when the shooter is ready to fire his weapon
trigger
195
The safety device designed to protect the trigger from accidental bumping or
pressing that may result to accidental firing
trigger guard
196
the striation marks which are produced from the rough walls of the chamber during loading and removing of the cartridge case
chamber marks
