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ANAPHY > PRELIMS > Flashcards

PRELIMS Flashcards

1
Q

study of microorganisms

A

microbiology

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2
Q

rapidly growing cell

A

germ

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3
Q

producers in the ecosystem

A

microorganisms

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4
Q

it is a bacteria described as clustered arrangement and have golden color

A

staphylococcus aureus / S. Aureus

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5
Q

it is a bacteria found on skin

A

staphylococcus aureus/ S. Aureus

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6
Q

it is a bacteria found in colon or large intestine

A

Escherichia coli / E. coli

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7
Q

who described e.coli

A

Honor Theodor Escherich

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8
Q

Honor Edwin Klebs

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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9
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

Disease

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10
Q

Honor Lois Pfiester

A

Pfiesteria piscicida

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11
Q

Disease in fish

A

Pfiesteria piscicida

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12
Q

Honor Daniel Salmon

A

Salmonella typhimurium

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13
Q

Salmonella typhimurium

A

Stupor (typh-) in mice(muri-)

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14
Q

Chains of cells

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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15
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Forms pus (pyo-)

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16
Q

Tuftlike (penicilll-)

A

Penicillium chrysogenum

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17
Q

Penicillium chrysogenum

A

Produce yellow (chryso-) pigment

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18
Q

Honor Oswaldo Cruz

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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19
Q

Corkscrew-like (trypano-, borer soma-, body)

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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20
Q

Study of classifying organisms

A

Taxonomy

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21
Q

Provide universal names

A

Taxonomy

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22
Q

Plant and animal kingdoms

A

1735

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23
Q

Bacteria and fungi put in plant kingdom

A

1857

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24
Q

Kingdom protista proposed for bacteria, protozoa, algae, and fungi

A

1866

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25
Q

Prokaryote introduced for cells “without nucleus*

A

1937

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26
Q

Prokaryote as cell in which nucleoplasm not surrounded by nuclear membrane

A

1959

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27
Q

Kingdom fungi

A

1961

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28
Q

Kingdom prokaryote

A

1968

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29
Q

Two types of prokaryotic cells found

A

1978

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30
Q

Closely related that breed among selves

A

Eukaryotic Species

31
Q

Cells w/ similar characteristics

A

Prokaryotic Species

32
Q

Cells derived from single cell

A

Clone (Prokaryotic Species)

33
Q

Genetically different cells within a clone

A

Strain (Prokaryotic Species)

34
Q

2 types of Species

A

Eukaryotic Species
Prokaryotic Species

35
Q

Classification of Microorganisms

A

Domain
Kingdom

36
Q

Prokaryote

A

Bacteria

37
Q

Cell wall w/ peptidoglycan

A

Bacteria

38
Q

For energy, use organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals and photosynthesis

A

Bacteria

39
Q

Prokaryotic

A

Archaea

40
Q

Cell wall w/o peptidoglycan

A

Archaea

41
Q

Live in extreme environments

A

Archaea

42
Q

Produce methane as byproduct

A

Methanogens

43
Q

Thrive at high salt concentrations

A

Extreme halophiles

44
Q

Thrive at high temperatures

A

Extreme thermophiles

45
Q

Eukarya

A

Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista

46
Q

-Multicellular
-No cell walls
-Ingestive heterotrophs
-Eukaryotic

A

Animalia

47
Q

-Multicellular
-Cellulose cell walls
-Usually photoautotrophic
-Nonmotile

A

Plantae

48
Q

-Unicellular (yeast) or multicellular (molds and mushrooms - consist of mycelia, composed of hyphae)
-Chitin cell walls
-Absorptive heterotrophs
-From spores or hyphal fragments
-For energy, use organic chemicals
-Nonmotile

A

Fungi

49
Q

Catch all for eukaryotic that do not fit in other kingdoms

A

Protista

50
Q

-Eukaryotic
-Absorb or ingest organic chemicals
-Motile due to pseudopods, cilia, or flagella

A

Protozoa

51
Q

-Eukaryotic
-Cellulose cell walls
-For energy, use photosynthesis
-Produce O2 and organic compounds

A

Algae

52
Q

-Acellular
-Consist of DNA or RNA core
-Core surrounded by protein coat
-Coat enclosed by lipid envelope
-Replicate only within host

A

Viruses

53
Q

-Eukaryotic
-Multicellular
-Microscopic stages in life cycles

A

Multicellular Animal Parasite

54
Q

-Ancestors of bacteria first life on Earth
-First observed in 1673

A

History of Microbiology

55
Q

living things composed of cells

A

Robert Hooke

56
Q

first observed live microorganisms, “Father of Microbiology”

A

Anton van Leewenhoek

57
Q

cells from preexisting cells

A

Rudolf Virchow

58
Q

Living organisms come from nonliving matter

A

Debate Over Spontaneous Generation

59
Q

six jars w/ decaying meat; covered, no maggots; open, w/ maggots

A

Francisco Redi

59
Q

heated broth then into sealed flasks, w/ microbial growth

A

John Needham

60
Q

broth in sealed flasks then heated, w/o microbial growth

A

Lazzaro Spallanzani

61
Q

microorganisms present in air; broth in flasks heated unsealed, w/ microbial growth; broth in flasks heated sealed, w/o microbial growth

A

Louis Pasteur

62
Q

Pasteur’s S-shaped flask: microbe out, air in

A

Theory of Biogenesis

63
Q

Living come from preexisting life

A

Theory of Biogenesis

64
Q

Golden Age of Microbiology

A

1857-1914

65
Q

-Pasteur’s work
-Relationship of microbes and diseases
-Immunity
-Antimicrobial drugs

A

Golden Age of Microbiology

66
Q

Fermentation and Pasteurization

A

Louis Pasteur

67
Q

-Microbes = fermentation
-Fermentation: conversion of sugar to alcohol (beer and wine)
-Microbial growth = food spoilage
-Bacteria that convert alcohol to vinegar (acetic acid) spoils wine
-Kill bacteria w/ heat w/o evaporating alcohol
-High heat for a short time

A

Fermentation and Pasteurization

68
Q

use of disinfectant to prevent infection of surgical wound

A

Joseph Lister

69
Q

Anthrax, Koch’s postulates, specific microbe cause specific disease

A

Robert Koch`

70
Q

-1860s: Joseph Lister - use of disinfectant to prevent infection of surgical wound
-1876: Robert Koch - Anthrax, Koch’s postulates, specific microbe cause specific disease

A

Germ Theory of Disease

71
Q

-1796: Edward Jenner - inoculated cowpox from person (then protected from smallpox)
-From vacca for cow
-Protection is called immunity

A

Vaccination

72
Q

inoculated cowpox from person (then protected from smallpox)
From vacca for cow

A

Edward Jenner

73
Q
A

ANAPHY (1 decks)

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