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PRELIMS Flashcards

1
Q

study of microorganisms

A

microbiology

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2
Q

rapidly growing cell

A

germ

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3
Q

producers in the ecosystem

A

microorganisms

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4
Q

it is a bacteria described as clustered arrangement and have golden color

A

staphylococcus aureus / S. Aureus

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5
Q

it is a bacteria found on skin

A

staphylococcus aureus/ S. Aureus

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6
Q

it is a bacteria found in colon or large intestine

A

Escherichia coli / E. coli

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7
Q

who described e.coli

A

Honor Theodor Escherich

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8
Q

Honor Edwin Klebs

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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9
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

Disease

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10
Q

Honor Lois Pfiester

A

Pfiesteria piscicida

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11
Q

Disease in fish

A

Pfiesteria piscicida

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12
Q

Honor Daniel Salmon

A

Salmonella typhimurium

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13
Q

Salmonella typhimurium

A

Stupor (typh-) in mice(muri-)

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14
Q

Chains of cells

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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15
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Forms pus (pyo-)

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16
Q

Tuftlike (penicilll-)

A

Penicillium chrysogenum

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17
Q

Penicillium chrysogenum

A

Produce yellow (chryso-) pigment

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18
Q

Honor Oswaldo Cruz

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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19
Q

Corkscrew-like (trypano-, borer soma-, body)

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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20
Q

Study of classifying organisms

A

Taxonomy

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21
Q

Provide universal names

A

Taxonomy

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22
Q

Plant and animal kingdoms

A

1735

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23
Q

Bacteria and fungi put in plant kingdom

A

1857

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24
Q

Kingdom protista proposed for bacteria, protozoa, algae, and fungi

A

1866

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25
Prokaryote introduced for cells “without nucleus*
1937
26
Prokaryote as cell in which nucleoplasm not surrounded by nuclear membrane
1959
27
Kingdom fungi
1961
28
Kingdom prokaryote
1968
29
Two types of prokaryotic cells found
1978
30
Closely related that breed among selves
Eukaryotic Species
31
Cells w/ similar characteristics
Prokaryotic Species
32
Cells derived from single cell
Clone (Prokaryotic Species)
33
Genetically different cells within a clone
Strain (Prokaryotic Species)
34
2 types of Species
Eukaryotic Species Prokaryotic Species
35
Classification of Microorganisms
Domain Kingdom
36
Prokaryote
Bacteria
37
Cell wall w/ peptidoglycan
Bacteria
38
For energy, use organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals and photosynthesis
Bacteria
39
Prokaryotic
Archaea
40
Cell wall w/o peptidoglycan
Archaea
41
Live in extreme environments
Archaea
42
Produce methane as byproduct
Methanogens
43
Thrive at high salt concentrations
Extreme halophiles
44
Thrive at high temperatures
Extreme thermophiles
45
Eukarya
Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista
46
-Multicellular -No cell walls -Ingestive heterotrophs -Eukaryotic
Animalia
47
-Multicellular -Cellulose cell walls -Usually photoautotrophic -Nonmotile
Plantae
48
-Unicellular (yeast) or multicellular (molds and mushrooms - consist of mycelia, composed of hyphae) -Chitin cell walls -Absorptive heterotrophs -From spores or hyphal fragments -For energy, use organic chemicals -Nonmotile
Fungi
49
Catch all for eukaryotic that do not fit in other kingdoms
Protista
50
-Eukaryotic -Absorb or ingest organic chemicals -Motile due to pseudopods, cilia, or flagella
Protozoa
51
-Eukaryotic -Cellulose cell walls -For energy, use photosynthesis -Produce O2 and organic compounds
Algae
52
-Acellular -Consist of DNA or RNA core -Core surrounded by protein coat -Coat enclosed by lipid envelope -Replicate only within host
Viruses
53
-Eukaryotic -Multicellular -Microscopic stages in life cycles
Multicellular Animal Parasite
54
-Ancestors of bacteria first life on Earth -First observed in 1673
History of Microbiology
55
living things composed of cells
Robert Hooke
56
first observed live microorganisms, “Father of Microbiology”
Anton van Leewenhoek
57
cells from preexisting cells
Rudolf Virchow
58
Living organisms come from nonliving matter
Debate Over Spontaneous Generation
59
six jars w/ decaying meat; covered, no maggots; open, w/ maggots
Francisco Redi
59
heated broth then into sealed flasks, w/ microbial growth
John Needham
60
broth in sealed flasks then heated, w/o microbial growth
Lazzaro Spallanzani
61
microorganisms present in air; broth in flasks heated unsealed, w/ microbial growth; broth in flasks heated sealed, w/o microbial growth
Louis Pasteur
62
Pasteur’s S-shaped flask: microbe out, air in
Theory of Biogenesis
63
Living come from preexisting life
Theory of Biogenesis
64
Golden Age of Microbiology
1857-1914
65
-Pasteur’s work -Relationship of microbes and diseases -Immunity -Antimicrobial drugs
Golden Age of Microbiology
66
Fermentation and Pasteurization
Louis Pasteur
67
-Microbes = fermentation -Fermentation: conversion of sugar to alcohol (beer and wine) -Microbial growth = food spoilage -Bacteria that convert alcohol to vinegar (acetic acid) spoils wine -Kill bacteria w/ heat w/o evaporating alcohol -High heat for a short time
Fermentation and Pasteurization
68
use of disinfectant to prevent infection of surgical wound
Joseph Lister
69
Anthrax, Koch’s postulates, specific microbe cause specific disease
Robert Koch`
70
-1860s: Joseph Lister - use of disinfectant to prevent infection of surgical wound -1876: Robert Koch - Anthrax, Koch’s postulates, specific microbe cause specific disease
Germ Theory of Disease
71
-1796: Edward Jenner - inoculated cowpox from person (then protected from smallpox) -From vacca for cow -Protection is called immunity
Vaccination
72
inoculated cowpox from person (then protected from smallpox) From vacca for cow
Edward Jenner
73

ANAPHY (1 decks)

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