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2nd chemistry > prelims > Flashcards

prelims Flashcards

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1
Q

Is a collection of quantitative or numerical data that describes a property of an object or event. consists of a number and a unit. For example, the length of a stick is 10 inches.

A

Measurements

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2
Q

A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or accepted value. - the degree to which the result of a measurement, calculation, or specification conforms to the correct value or a standard.

A

Accuracy

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3
Q

Precise value agreed with each other; accurate value agreed with the true value.
the quality, condition, or fact of being exact and accurate

A

precision

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4
Q

is important in chemistry because many calculations use different units of measurement and using __________ factor, we can convert one unit to another desired unit. A conversion factor is a ratio or fraction which represents the relationship between two different units.

A

unit Conversion

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5
Q

Length
1m = ____ cm
______cm = 1 inch
_____ mm = 1 cm
______ m = 1 km

A

100cm
2.54 cm
10mm
1000m

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6
Q

Volume
1L = ______ mL
_________ cm2 = 1 L
_________ L = 1 kL
1 gal = ______ quarts
1 quart = ______ pints
_____ m3 = 1000 L

A

1000 mL
1000 cm2
1000 L
4 quarts
2 pints
1 m3

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7
Q

Mass
1 kg = ________ g
______ g = 1000 mg
_______ g = 1 lb
1 lb = ______ oz
1 short ton = ______ lbs
1 long ton = ______ lbs
1 metric ton = ______ kg

A

1000 g
1 g
453.6 g
16 oz
2000 lbs
2240 lbs
1000 kg

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8
Q

Is an approach in solving problems of measurements. It is the analysis of the relationships between different physical quantities by identifying their base quantities and units of measure and tracking these dimensions as calculations or comparisons are performed. In short, it is a technique of converting between units.

A

Dimensional analysis

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9
Q
  • By definition, fundamental (primary/basic) units are all those units of Metric System which are independent of any other unit (including themselves); they can be determined even without using formulas. Examples are mass, length, temperature, volume of liquid to cite some. On the other
A

Fundamental and Derived Quantities

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10
Q

is the quantity of matter in a particular sample of matter. _______ is constant regardless of where it is being measured. If the same material is being measured, say, the ________ of the material, it is the same whether you measure it on the moon or here on earth.

A

Mass

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11
Q

is the gravitational force of attraction between the body’s mass and the mass of the planet where it is being measured. 0.250 L 150 cm3 30 tablets

A

Weight

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12
Q

________ is simply measured with a ruler, or a meterstick. Volume of a liquid is measured in a graduated cylinder, pipette, volumetric flask, etc.

A

length

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13
Q

_____ of a regular solid is determined by measuring its dimensions and multiplying them together, while the ________ of an irregular solid is determined by means of water displacement method. In water displacement method, the amount of space taken by the object is the _________ of the object.

A

volume

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14
Q

r means?

A

r = radius of the cylinder

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15
Q

h means?

A

h = height of the cylinder

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16
Q

what’s the formula of density

A

P = m/v

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17
Q

Formula of Celsius

A

oC = 5/9 (o F-32)

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18
Q

formula of Fahrenheit?

A

oF = 9/5 (oC) + 32

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19
Q

formula of Kelvin

A

K = oC + 273 (or 273. 15)

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20
Q

formula of specific gravity

A

SG = density of object/density of water

SG = mass of obj / mass of water

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21
Q

specific gravity doesn’t have a unit of measurement.

true or false

A

true

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22
Q

specific gravity does have a unit of measurement.

true or false

A

false

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23
Q

Density of water has a constant equivalent of

A

1g/mL or 1g/cm^2

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24
Q

𝑐=𝑄 / 𝑚∆𝑇

A

Specific heat

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25
Q

Q = ______, (cal)

A

heat energy

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26
Q

c = specific heat, _____ (°𝐶 )

A

cal/g

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27
Q

m =. masss?

A

grams

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28
Q

Δt = change in temperature, ( °𝐶)

the formula can also be derive depending on the given and needed operation.

true or false

A

true

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29
Q

= ( 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − expe𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 / 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 ) (100)

A

%𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟

30
Q

-is anything that takes up space and mass
-all physical objects are composed of matter in the form of atoms
-it exists in several states that is also called phases

A

Matter

31
Q

has definite shape and volume high density

A

solid

32
Q

-has no definite shape but has definite volume
-conforms to the shape of its container
-has lower density than solids

A

Liquid

33
Q
  • Has no definite shape, mass, or volume
  • will expand to fill its container
    -when a ______ is put under pressure, by reducing the volume of the container, the space between the particles is reduced and the particles are compressed.
A

gas

34
Q
  • is a high-energy state of matter.
  • exists at high temperatures and can be influenced by adjusting temp. pressure or energy input
A

Plasma

35
Q

a unique state of matter that occurs at extremely low temperatures close to absolute zero. (-273.105 °C or – 459. 67 °F)
- particles behave as though they are one superparticle with all their quantum states occupying the same energy level.

A

Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC)

36
Q
  • predicted by _______ and ________ in the early 1920’s and experimentally observed in 1995.
A

Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein

37
Q
  • This state of matter exists under extremely high pressures, and it’s typically found in the cores of massive stars.
    -is made up of particles like electrons or neutrons that have been squeezed together to the point where quantum mechanical effects dominate, and there is no room for compression.
  • Changing its state is challenging, but can be influenced by changes in pressure, temperature, and composition.
A

Degenerate matter

38
Q

what are the classes of matter?

A

Element
compound
mixtures

39
Q

-Composed of 2 or more different elements.
- Combined chemically in definite and constant proportion.
- Cannot be separated through physical methods.

A

compound

40
Q
  • The simplest form of matter.
  • Made up of only one kind of atom.
  • Most chemical symbols are coming from their Latin or Greek names.
A

Element

41
Q

Types of compounds:

A

Acid
Base
Salt

42
Q

yields Hydrogen ion (H-) when dissolved in water.

A

Base

43
Q

yields Hydrogen ion (H+) when dissolved in water.

A

Acid

44
Q

solid product of neutralization reaction between acid and base.

A

Salt

45
Q
  • Made up of two or more substances in variable proportions. - Can be separated in ordinary operation.
  • Does not change the compositions of substituent substance
A

Mixture

46
Q
  • made up of one phase only.
  • It has the same proportions of its components throughout any given sample.
A

Homogeinous mixture

47
Q
  • Made up of 2 or more phases
  • Proportions vary throughout the sample.
A

Heterogeneous mixture

48
Q

quality or characteristic in which a given substance is identified

A

Property

49
Q

(extensive)- depend on the amount of material. e.g. mass, length and
volume

A

Extrinsic properties

50
Q

(intensive)- depend on the quality of the material e.g. odor, taste, specific gravity, etc.

A

intrinsic properties

51
Q

1) properties that can be observed without changing the composition of the substance
2) It is used to describe matter.

A

Physical properties

52
Q

what includes in Physical properties?

A

a) Odor
b) Texture
c) Color
d) Melting point
e) Boiling point
f) Density etc.

53
Q

If the change in a substance alters the form and not the composition, then the change is _______

A

Physical change.

54
Q

1) Properties that can be measured or observed only when matter undergoes a change to become an entirely different kind of matter.

A

Chemical properties

55
Q

the ability of matter to react chemically with other substances.

A

Reactivity

56
Q

what are the examples of chemical properties?

A

a.)reactivity
b) Flammability
c) Ability to rust etc.

57
Q
  • change in form and shape but the same composition
A

physical change

58
Q

When a substance changes in composition then it is called _______ change.

A

chemical

59
Q

change in composition thus, forming a new substance

A

Chemical change-

60
Q

what are the characteristics of matters?

A
  • It has density
  • Has volume
  • Has mass
  • Impenetrability
  • Malleability
  • Ductility
  • Viscosity
  • Porosity
  • Hardness
  • Brittleness
  • Temperature
61
Q

no two objects can occupy the same space at the same time

A

Impenetrability

62
Q

Property of certain material to be hammered into a very thin sheet

A

Malleability

63
Q

property of certain metal to be drawn into fine wires

A

Ductility

64
Q

resistance to liquid flow

A

Viscosity

65
Q

property of having pores or spaces

A

Porosity

66
Q

Property of certain material to resist being scratched by another

A

Hardness

67
Q

property of a certain material to be easily broken.

A

Brittleness

68
Q

(primary/basic) units are all those units of Metric System which are independent of any other unit (including themselves); they can be determined even without using formulas.

A

fundamental

69
Q

(secondary) units are all those units of Metric System which are derived or obtained by multiplying and/or dividing multiple fundamental units and sometimes with other constants, in short, they cannot be measured directly. Some examples are density, area, and volume.

A

derived

70
Q
A

2nd chemistry (5 decks)

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