prelims

Question 1

the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span

Answer 1

development

Question 2

study of change from multiple directions of influence

Answer 2

multidirectional

Question 3

one small action or event set of a much larger chains of major events

Answer 3

butterfly effect

Question 4

there are many contexts that affect human development such as events

Answer 4

multicontextual

Question 5

each one has separate values, traditions, living standards that influence the individuals of that society

Answer 5

multicultural

Question 6

we have to use many different fields in order to effectively study development

Answer 6

multidisciplinary

Question 7

changes occur throughout the lifespan and can be drastically altered at any point in time

Answer 7

plasticity

Question 8

influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group

Answer 8

normative age-graded influence

Question 9

unusual occurences that have major impact on the lives of individual people

Answer 9

nonnormative life events

Question 9

common to people of a particular generation

Answer 9

normative history-graded influences

Question 10

passed on from generation to generation

Answer 10

culture

Question 11

comparison of one culture with one or more other cultures

Answer 11

cross-cultural studies

Question 12

based on race, cultural heritages etc…

Answer 12

ethnicity

Question 13

groupings of people with similar occupational, educational, and economic characteristics

Answer 13

socioeconomic status

Question 14

male and female

Answer 14

gender

Question 15

national government’s course of action designed to promote the welfare of its citizens

Answer 15

social policy

Question 16

main areas of study that focus on developmental changes

Answer 16

developmental domains

Question 17

studies the influence of social factors on biological development

Answer 17

biosocial domain

Question 18

studies the thought processes, perceptual abilities, and language that influence our behavior and development

Answer 18

cognitive domain

Question 19

studies the interpersonal relationships that influence development

Answer 19

psychosocial domain

Question 20

things that are unique to the individual that can influence development

Answer 20

internal factors

Question 21

things that are outside of the individual that can influence development

Answer 21

external factors

Question 22

internal factor is nature

Answer 22

true

Question 23

external factor is nurture

Answer 23

true

Question 24

poor children are more prone to each stressors

Answer 24

true

Question 25

produce changes in an individual's physical nature

Answer 25

biological processes

Question 26

changes in the individual's thought, intelligence, and language

Answer 26

cognitive processes

Question 27

changes in relationships with other people, emotions, and personality

Answer 27

socioemotional processes

Question 28

refers to a time frame in person's life that is characterized by certain features

Answer 28

periods of development

Question 29

conception to birth

Answer 29

prenatal period

Question 30

birth to 18-24 months

Answer 30

infancy

Question 31

3-5 yrs

Answer 31

early childhood

Question 32

6-10/11 yrs

Answer 32

middle and late childhood

Question 33

10-12 yrs to 18-21 yrs

Answer 33

adolescence

Question 34

20s to 30s

Answer 34

early adulthood

Question 35

40s-50s

Answer 35

middle adulthood

Question 36

60s-70s to death

Answer 36

late adulthood

Question 37

number of years that have elapsed since birth

Answer 37

chronological age

Question 38

individual's adaptive capacities

Answer 38

psychological age

Question 39

connectedness with others and the social roles individuals adopt

Answer 39

social age

Question 40

development reflects an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between genes and the environment

Answer 40

epigenetic view

Question 41

fertilized egg

Answer 41

zygote

Question 42

counted from the 1st day or mother's last menstrual cycle

Answer 42

maternal gestation

Question 43

counted from the estimated date of fertilization, up to 5 days past ovulation

Answer 43

fetal gestation

Question 44

completion of implantation

Answer 44

zygote period

Question 45

formation of the major organs

Answer 45

embryonic period

Question 46

presence of organ to birth

Answer 46

fetal period

Question 47

decreased response to repeated stimuli

Answer 47

habituation

Question 48

a stimulus change that produces an increase in a previously habituated response

Answer 48

dishabituation

Question 49

the castle of little albert

Answer 49

research example

Question 50

classical conditioning, operant, social learning theory

Answer 50

remember previous theory

Question 51

ecological theory was developed by

Answer 51

urie bronfenbrenner

Question 52

states that development occurs as a result of interactions with the environment

Answer 52

ecological approach

Question 53

factors directly impacting the individual

Answer 53

individual

Question 54

factors impacting development that are very close or in direct contact with the individual

Answer 54

microsystem

Question 55

provides a link between each of the individual microsystem factors

Answer 55

mesosystem

Question 56

factors impacting development that directly impact the microsystem, but may not directly contact the individual

Answer 56

exosystem

Question 57

directly impact the other systems, but do not have direct contact with the individual

Answer 57

macrosystem

Question 58

impact of time and major life events on the individual

Answer 58

chronosystem

Question 59

primary component of this dynamic feedback loop

Answer 59

time

Question 60

evolutionary process by which those individuals of a species that are best adapted are the ones that survive & leave the most fit offspring

Answer 60

natural selection

Question 61

emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" in shaping behavior

Answer 61

evolutionary psychology

Question 62

behavior that promotes an organism's survival in its natural habitat

Answer 62

adaptive behavior

Question 63

threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs, with one member of each pair coming from each parent

Answer 63

chromosomes

Question 64

a complex molecule that contains genetic information

Answer 64

DNA

Question 65

units of hereditary information composed of DNA

Answer 65

genes

Question 66

the goal is to discover the location of a gene in relation to a marker gene

Answer 66

linkage analysis

Question 67

term used to describe the vast increase in genetic data

Answer 67

next generation sequencing

Question 68

cellular reproduction in which the cell's nucleus duplicates itself with 2 new cells being formed

Answer 68

mitosis

Question 69

a specialized form of cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm

Answer 69

meiosis

Question 70

a stage in reproduction when an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell, called ZYGOTE

Answer 70

fertilization

Question 71

single cell formed through fertilization

Answer 71

zygote

Question 72

a person's genetic heritage; the actual genetic material

Answer 72

genotype

Question 73

an individual's genotype is expressed in observed and treasurable characteristics

Answer 73

phenotype

Question 74

form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21

Answer 74

down syndrome

Question 75

chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra X chromosomes, making them XXY instead of XY

Answer 75

klinefelter syndrome

Question 76

genetic disorder that results from an abnormality in the X chromosome, which becomes constricted and often breaks

Answer 76

fragile X syndrome

Question 77

chromosomal disorder in females; short in stature and have a webbed neck

Answer 77

turner syndrome

Question 78

chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra Y Chromosome

Answer 78

XYY Syndrome

Question 79

genetic disorder; an individual cannot properly metabolize an amino acid called 'phenylalanine'

Answer 79

phenylketonuria

Question 80

genetic disorder; affects red blood cells and occurs most often in people of African descent

Answer 80

sickle cell anemia

Question 81

mri uses a powerful magnet and radio images to generate detailed images of the body's organs and structures

Answer 81

brain imaging techniques

Question 82

prenatal medical procedure in which high frequency sound waves are directed into the pregnant woman's abdomen

Answer 82

ultrasound sonography

Question 83

a small sample of the placenta is removed

Answer 83

chronic villus sampling

Question 84

a sample of amniotic fluids is withdrawn by syringe and tested for chromosomal or metabolic disorders

Answer 84

amniocentesis

Question 85

identifies pregnancies that have an elevated risk for birth defects

Answer 85

maternal blood screening

Question 86

detects the baby's sex as well as the presence of various diseases

Answer 86

fetal sex determination

Question 87

the field that seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development

Answer 87

behavior genetics

Question 88

a study in which the behavioral similarity of identical twins is compared with the behavioral similarity of fraternal twins

Answer 88

twin study