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developmental psychology > prelims > Flashcards

prelims Flashcards

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1
Q

the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span

A

development

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2
Q

study of change from multiple directions of influence

A

multidirectional

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3
Q

one small action or event set of a much larger chains of major events

A

butterfly effect

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4
Q

there are many contexts that affect human development such as events

A

multicontextual

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5
Q

each one has separate values, traditions, living standards that influence the individuals of that society

A

multicultural

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6
Q

we have to use many different fields in order to effectively study development

A

multidisciplinary

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7
Q

changes occur throughout the lifespan and can be drastically altered at any point in time

A

plasticity

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8
Q

influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group

A

normative age-graded influence

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9
Q

unusual occurences that have major impact on the lives of individual people

A

nonnormative life events

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9
Q

common to people of a particular generation

A

normative history-graded influences

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10
Q

passed on from generation to generation

A

culture

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11
Q

comparison of one culture with one or more other cultures

A

cross-cultural studies

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12
Q

based on race, cultural heritages etc…

A

ethnicity

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13
Q

groupings of people with similar occupational, educational, and economic characteristics

A

socioeconomic status

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14
Q

male and female

A

gender

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15
Q

national government’s course of action designed to promote the welfare of its citizens

A

social policy

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16
Q

main areas of study that focus on developmental changes

A

developmental domains

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17
Q

studies the influence of social factors on biological development

A

biosocial domain

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18
Q

studies the thought processes, perceptual abilities, and language that influence our behavior and development

A

cognitive domain

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19
Q

studies the interpersonal relationships that influence development

A

psychosocial domain

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20
Q

things that are unique to the individual that can influence development

A

internal factors

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21
Q

things that are outside of the individual that can influence development

A

external factors

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22
Q

internal factor is nature

A

true

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23
Q

external factor is nurture

A

true

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24
Q

poor children are more prone to each stressors

A

true

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25
Q

produce changes in an individual’s physical nature

A

biological processes

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26
Q

changes in the individual’s thought, intelligence, and language

A

cognitive processes

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27
Q

changes in relationships with other people, emotions, and personality

A

socioemotional processes

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28
Q

refers to a time frame in person’s life that is characterized by certain features

A

periods of development

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29
Q

conception to birth

A

prenatal period

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30
Q

birth to 18-24 months

A

infancy

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31
Q

3-5 yrs

A

early childhood

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32
Q

6-10/11 yrs

A

middle and late childhood

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33
Q

10-12 yrs to 18-21 yrs

A

adolescence

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34
Q

20s to 30s

A

early adulthood

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35
Q

40s-50s

A

middle adulthood

36
Q

60s-70s to death

A

late adulthood

37
Q

number of years that have elapsed since birth

A

chronological age

38
Q

individual’s adaptive capacities

A

psychological age

39
Q

connectedness with others and the social roles individuals adopt

A

social age

40
Q

development reflects an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between genes and the environment

A

epigenetic view

41
Q

fertilized egg

A

zygote

42
Q

counted from the 1st day or mother’s last menstrual cycle

A

maternal gestation

43
Q

counted from the estimated date of fertilization, up to 5 days past ovulation

A

fetal gestation

44
Q

completion of implantation

A

zygote period

45
Q

formation of the major organs

A

embryonic period

46
Q

presence of organ to birth

A

fetal period

47
Q

decreased response to repeated stimuli

A

habituation

48
Q

a stimulus change that produces an increase in a previously habituated response

A

dishabituation

49
Q

the castle of little albert

A

research example

50
Q

classical conditioning, operant, social learning theory

A

remember previous theory

51
Q

ecological theory was developed by

A

urie bronfenbrenner

52
Q

states that development occurs as a result of interactions with the environment

A

ecological approach

53
Q

factors directly impacting the individual

A

individual

54
Q

factors impacting development that are very close or in direct contact with the individual

A

microsystem

55
Q

provides a link between each of the individual microsystem factors

A

mesosystem

56
Q

factors impacting development that directly impact the microsystem, but may not directly contact the individual

A

exosystem

57
Q

directly impact the other systems, but do not have direct contact with the individual

A

macrosystem

58
Q

impact of time and major life events on the individual

A

chronosystem

59
Q

primary component of this dynamic feedback loop

A

time

60
Q

evolutionary process by which those individuals of a species that are best adapted are the ones that survive & leave the most fit offspring

A

natural selection

61
Q

emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and “survival of the fittest” in shaping behavior

A

evolutionary psychology

62
Q

behavior that promotes an organism’s survival in its natural habitat

A

adaptive behavior

63
Q

threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs, with one member of each pair coming from each parent

A

chromosomes

64
Q

a complex molecule that contains genetic information

A

DNA

65
Q

units of hereditary information composed of DNA

A

genes

66
Q

the goal is to discover the location of a gene in relation to a marker gene

A

linkage analysis

67
Q

term used to describe the vast increase in genetic data

A

next generation sequencing

68
Q

cellular reproduction in which the cell’s nucleus duplicates itself with 2 new cells being formed

A

mitosis

69
Q

a specialized form of cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm

A

meiosis

70
Q

a stage in reproduction when an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell, called ZYGOTE

A

fertilization

71
Q

single cell formed through fertilization

A

zygote

72
Q

a person’s genetic heritage; the actual genetic material

A

genotype

73
Q

an individual’s genotype is expressed in observed and treasurable characteristics

A

phenotype

74
Q

form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21

A

down syndrome

75
Q

chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra X chromosomes, making them XXY instead of XY

A

klinefelter syndrome

76
Q

genetic disorder that results from an abnormality in the X chromosome, which becomes constricted and often breaks

A

fragile X syndrome

77
Q

chromosomal disorder in females; short in stature and have a webbed neck

A

turner syndrome

78
Q

chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra Y Chromosome

A

XYY Syndrome

79
Q

genetic disorder; an individual cannot properly metabolize an amino acid called ‘phenylalanine’

A

phenylketonuria

80
Q

genetic disorder; affects red blood cells and occurs most often in people of African descent

A

sickle cell anemia

81
Q

mri uses a powerful magnet and radio images to generate detailed images of the body’s organs and structures

A

brain imaging techniques

82
Q

prenatal medical procedure in which high frequency sound waves are directed into the pregnant woman’s abdomen

A

ultrasound sonography

83
Q

a small sample of the placenta is removed

A

chronic villus sampling

84
Q

a sample of amniotic fluids is withdrawn by syringe and tested for chromosomal or metabolic disorders

A

amniocentesis

85
Q

identifies pregnancies that have an elevated risk for birth defects

A

maternal blood screening

86
Q

detects the baby’s sex as well as the presence of various diseases

A

fetal sex determination

87
Q

the field that seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development

A

behavior genetics

88
Q

a study in which the behavioral similarity of identical twins is compared with the behavioral similarity of fraternal twins

A

twin study

developmental psychology (1 decks)

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