PRELIMS Flashcards
A condition characterized by thoughts, feelings and behavior that create dysfunction.
MENTAL DISORDER
The study of psychological disorders and their symptoms.
PSCHOPATHOLOGY
The causes of disorder.
ETIOLOGY
Four D’s
DEVIANCE
DYSFUNCTION
DISTRESS
DANGER
attribute mental illness to possession by evil or demonic spirits, displeasure of gods, eclipses, planetary gravitation, curses, and sin.
SPIRITUAL THEORIES
identify disturbances in physical functioning resulting from either illness, genetic inheritance, or brain damage or imbalance.
SOMATOGENIC THEORIES
focus on traumatic or stressful experiences, maladaptive learned associations and
cognition’s, or distorted perceptions
PSYCHOGENIC THEORIES
as early as 6500 BC has identified surgical drilling of holes in skulls to treat head injuries and epilepsy as well as to allow the evil spirits trapped within the skull
TREPHINATION
the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders
ASYLUM
a French physician,__________, argued for the more humane treatment of the mentally ill
PHILIPPE PINEL
In the 19th century, _________ led reform efforts for mental health care in the United States.
DOROTHEA DIX
associated with ending physical punishment of patients within asylums
DOROTHEA DIX
founder of modern scientific psychiatry, psychopharmacology, and psychiatric genetics and believed the chief origin of psychiatric disease to be biological and genetic malfunction.
EMIL KRAEPLIN
Kraepelin’s definition for what we now call schizophrenia;
the “sub-acute development of a peculiar simple condition of mental weakness occurring at a youthful age
DEMENTIA PRAECOX
common patterns of symptoms over time (rather than by simple similarity of major symptoms).
SYNDROME
model emphasizing the various factors influencing disorders.
While some have a genetic predisposition for a certain psychological disorder, certain psychological stressors need to be present for them to develop the disorder.
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL
therapy that is not the individual’s choice.
INVOLUNTARY TREATMENT
the individual chooses to attend
therapy to obtain relief from symptoms.
VOLUNTARY TREATMENT
published by the American Psychiatric Association.
DSM -5
the co-occurrence of two disorders
COMORBIDITY
depression, anxiety, social
anxiety, somatic complaints,
post-traumatic symptoms, and
obsession-compulsion.
INTERNALIZING PROBLEMS
disruptive, impulse-control, conduct disorders and substance use
EXTERNALIZING PROBLEMS
Commonly refers to the identification of the nature and cause of an illness
DIAGNOSIS
a professional who
works directly with patients or
clients and may diagnose, treat,
and otherwise care for them.
CLINICIAN
where evaluations are made of
appearance and behavior, selfreported symptoms, mental
health history, and current life
circumstances.
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION
determining the single diagnosis
that is most relevant to the
person’s chief complaint or need
for treatment this will be the main
focus of clinical attention or
treatment
PRINCIPAL DIAGNOSIS
a theoretically-based explanation of the information obtained from a clinical assessment.
CLINICAL FORMULATION
the systematic review of a person’s
cultural background and the role
of culture in the manifestation of
symptoms and dysfunction.
CULTURAL FORMULATION
type of contract that specifies the goals of treatment, treatment procedures, and a regular schedule for the time, place, and duration of their treatment sessions.
TREATMENT PLAN
Occurs when information about a
person’s diagnostic classification is
communicated in a negative manner that
leads to stigma for the individual with a
mental disorder
LABELING
posits that self-identity
and the behavior of individuals may be
determined or influenced by the terms used
to describe or classify them
LABELING THEORY
An expectation that people might have about every person of a particular group.
STEREOTYPE
a set of negative attitudes and beliefs that motivate
individuals to fear, reject, avoid, and discriminate against people with mental illness.
PUBLIC STIGMA
thought to be particularly
damaging, and is said to occur when
individuals internalize stigmatizing social
attitudes, and come to believe the
negative societal conceptions and
stereotypes associated with their
condition
SELF-STIGMA
“the extent to which individuals believe that ‘most people’ will devalue and discriminate against a mental patient”
STIGMA EXPERIENCE
