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Readings in the Philippine History > Prelims > Flashcards

Prelims Flashcards

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1
Q

History came from the greek word _, meaning _.

A

Historia, which means learning by inquiry

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2
Q

It is the act of questioning and seeking for answers through scientific investigation

A

Inquiry

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3
Q

Kasaysayan is rooted in the words _ and _, which means _.

A

Salaysay - narrative
Saysay - meaning

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4
Q

It is defined as the account of past events

A

History

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5
Q

This kind of history answers to what, who, and when questions; it is the vis-a-vis of events

A

Factual history

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6
Q

This kind of history answers why and how the event happened. It tries to speculate the cause and effect of an event

A

Speculative history

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7
Q

According to Ambeth Ocampo, __ is the narrative about past events that has meaning to a certain group of people at a given _ and _.

A

Kasaysayan; time and place

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8
Q

What are the uses of history (3Rs)

A

Recall historical details
Realize its importance and values learned
Repeat the good parts of history

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9
Q

What is the Greek origin of the word history?

A

Historie (Iotopia), which means learning

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10
Q

History is the study of the past, encompassing every _ _ —the social, economic, cultural, and political (CMO 16. S. 2010)

A

human experience

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11
Q

These are archeological and anthropological remains. They are the basis for writing history

A

Artifacts

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12
Q

This is the act of examining and analyzing records

A

Historical method

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13
Q

This pertains to imaginative reconstruction of the past from date derived, which is also known as writing history

A

Historiography

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14
Q

These are the materials from which historians construct meaning

A

Sources of data

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15
Q

This artifact is from the Manunggul Cave in Palawan. It is considered a National Cultural Treasure

A

Manunggul Jar

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16
Q

What is considered the oldest human fossil here in the Philippines

A

Callao Man (67, 000 years old)

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17
Q

This is a burial site with 505 burials and 521 associated ceramics from other countries

A

Calatagan Batangas

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18
Q

This is considered as the best written source of history

A

Diplomatic or judicial sources

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19
Q

To __, history is the study of the relevant past. It is the struggle of the Filipino people for freedom.

A

Agoncillo

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20
Q

What is the Greek origin of history, which means learning

A

Historie (iotopia)

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21
Q

What is the German origin of history which means to happen

A

Gechchichte/Yeschechen

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22
Q

History is the study of the past, encompassing every human experience. (CMO No. __ S. ___)

A

CMO 16. S. 2010

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23
Q

State the 4Ps of Pantayong Pananaw by Zeus Salazar

A

Pansila, Pangkayo, Pangkami, Pantayo

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24
Q

True or false: A historical context can only be studied in a human setting

A

True

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25
Q

This refers to the whole history of the past

A

History as actuality

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26
Q

This refers to the surviving record of history

A

History as a record

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27
Q

It refers to examining and analyzing historical sources

A

Historical method

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28
Q

It refers to the imaginative reconstruction of the past from data derived; considered as the writing of history

A

Historiography

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29
Q

It provides evidence about the existence of an event; it refers to the materials from which historians construct meaning

A

Sources of historical data

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30
Q

These are the raw materials of historical research–they are the documents closest to the topic of investigation

A

Primary sources

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31
Q

What are examples of primary sources

A

Autobiographies and memoirs
Diaries
Interviews and surveys
Emails and blogs
Photograph and drawing
Works of arts and literature
Speeches and oral histories
Original documents (birth certificates, property deeds)
Research data (census statistics)
Records of organizations and government agencies
All artifacts (tools, coins, clothing)
Government documents
Patents

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32
Q

These offer an analysis or a restatement of primary sources; they attempt to describe or explain primary sources

A

Secondary sources

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33
Q

What are examples of secondary sources

A

Bibliographies
Biographical works
Reference books (encyclopedias)
Magazines, journals, newspapers
Literature reviews
History books
Works of criticism and interpretation
Commentaries and treatises

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34
Q

What is the process of historical analysis?

A
  1. Selection of a subject for investigation
  2. Collection of probable sources of information
  3. Examination of the source’s authenticity
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35
Q

True or false: If the evaluation of an available source shows any indication that it is an interpretative work rather than a factual firsthand account, it is considered as a secondary source.

A

True

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36
Q

True or false: Even primary sources can be biased in some way

A

True

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37
Q

What are the two kinds of unwritten sources of history

A

Material evidence
Oral evidence

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38
Q

What are examples of material evidences

A

artistic creations - ottery, jewelry, dwellings, graves, churches and roads

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39
Q

What are examples of relics in the Philippines?

A

Manunggul Jar - a national cultural treasure
Tabon Cave Fossil of Palawan - noo at ulo ng taong tabon
Callao Man - oldest human fossil in the Philippines
Calatagan Batangas (burial site)

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40
Q

What are examples of oral evidences

A

tales or sagas of ancient people
songs or popular rituals
interviews

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41
Q

What are categories of written sources

A

Narrative, diplomatic, social document

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42
Q

These are chronicles or tracts presented in narrative form, written to impart a message

A

Narrative source

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43
Q

These are treated as the best written source by historians

A

Diplomatic sources

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44
Q

Examples of this written source are records kept by bureaucracies, municipal accounts, research findings, civil registry records, records of census

A

Social document

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45
Q

It is an account of individual experience which reveals the individual’s actions as a participant in social life

A

Human document

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46
Q

What are the two important goals of historical criticism

A
  1. to discover the original meaning of the text in its literal sense
  2. to establish a reconstruction of the historical situation of the author and recipients of the text
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47
Q

What are the two types of historical criticism?

A

external and internal criticism

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48
Q

This type of historical criticism is also called the provenance of a source, it is used to determine the authenticity of the material

A

External criticism

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49
Q

This type of historical criticism investigates credibility. It is about weighing the testimony to the truth. It involves the author’s mental process and ability to tell the truth

A

Internal criticism

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50
Q

According to Zeus Salazar “ang ___ ay isang ___ na may ___ sa mga taong ____”

A

“Ang kasaysayan ay isang salaysay na may saysay sa mga taong nagsasaysay”

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51
Q

According to ___ history is the struggle of the Filipino people for freedom

A

Agoncillo

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52
Q

According to __ history is written by the victors–kasaysayan is the history of the inarticulate

A

Constantino

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53
Q

True or false: hearsay and secondary evidence is not discarded by historians as long as they are reliable and competent

A

True, because they are not in a court room and they do not have to make judgements or pass sentences

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54
Q

This type of historical criticism deals with the questions: when and where the document was written; who is the real author; why did the document survive

A

External criticism

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55
Q

What are Garaghan’s six points of inquiries to evaluate the authenticity of a primary source?

A

Date
Localization
Authorship
Analysis
Integrity
Credibility

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56
Q

What are the seven internal criteria for evaluating sources according to Howell and Prevenier

A

Genealogy of the document
Genesis of the document
Originality of the document
Interpretation of the document
Authorship of the document
The competence of the observer
The trustworthiness of the observer

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57
Q

In evaluating sources, this refers to the document may be original, a copy, or a copy of the copy

A

Genealogy

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58
Q

In evaluating sources, this refers to the situations and authorities during the document’s productions

A

Genesis of the document

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59
Q

In evaluating sources, it refers to the nature of the document, whether it’s hearsay or secondary evidence

A

Originality of the document

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60
Q

In evaluating sources, it refers to deducing meaning from the documents

A

Interptretation of the document

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61
Q

In evaluating sources, this refers to the relationship of the document’s subject matter and its author

A

Authorship of the document

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62
Q

In evaluating sources, it refers to the author’s capabilities and qualifications to critically comprehend and report

A

Competence of the observer

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63
Q

In evaluating sources, it refers to the author’s integrity–whether he or she fabricates or reports truthfully

A

Trustworthiness of the observer

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64
Q

When was the Katipunan founded?

A

July 7, 1892

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65
Q

What does KKK mean?

A

Kataas-taasang Kagalang-galangang Katipunan nang manga Anak nang Bayan

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66
Q

When was the secret organization (KKK) discovered by Spanish officials

A

August 19, 1896

67
Q

When was the “Katipunan and the Revolution Memoirs of a General” by Santiago Alvarez published

A

1992

68
Q

When was the first meeting between the two factions convened?

A

March 25, 1897

69
Q

In the primary source, who was set to undermine the assembly in Tejeros

A

Mr. Daniel Tirona and many Magdiwang leaders

70
Q

Who proposed that the goal of the meeting at Tejeros should be to set a new kind of government

A

Severino de las Alas

71
Q

According to Bonifacio what did the K in the middle of the Katipunan flag symbolize?

A

Kalayaan

72
Q

Which Magdalo member angered General Apoy by arguing that if they would not agree on a kind of revolutionary government, they would be no better than a pack of bandits or wild, mindless animals

A

Mr. Montenegro

73
Q

True or false: General Apoy ordered that Mr. Montenegro be arrested after what he said

A

True

74
Q

Who is Dr. Jose Rizal’s sister and widow who pleaded with General Apoy not to arrest Mr. Montenegro?

A

Trining; Josephine

75
Q

Who helped distribute the ballots who were already filled out without the voters doing it themselves?

A

Mr. Daniel Tirona

76
Q

Was Emilio Aguinaldo present during the meeting at Tejeros?

A

He was not present during the assembly although he won the presidency

77
Q

Who is the Magdalo member who proposed that the Director of Interior should not be given to Bonifacio but a lawyer of their town, Jose del Rosario

A

Mr. Daniel Tirona

78
Q

What kind of gun did Bonifacio pull out to shoot at Mr. Tirona?

A

Revolver

79
Q

Who is the president of the Magdalo faction?

A

Baldomero Aguinaldo

80
Q

The night after the assembly at Tejeros, some Magdalo members were in the Parish house of the Catholic church at Tanza and they were conferring with the priest Fr. ___ ____

A

Fr. Cenon Villafranca

81
Q

Who called another meeting after the tumultuous event to continue and revalidate the proceedings of the election meeting at Tejeros

A

Magdalo Pres. Baldomero Aguinaldo

82
Q

What happened on March 27, 1897 at the Tanza parish house?

A

Those elected at the Tejeros convention held a secret oath-taking ceremony officiated by F. Cenon Villafranca

83
Q

What happened at Imus on March 25, 1897?

A

The Spaniards captured and occupied the town of Imus in the afternoon of March 25, 1897

84
Q

What is the title of the book that Teodoro Agonicllo wrote

A

Revolt of the Masses

85
Q

What is the title of Chapter 12 in Teodoro Agoncillo’s Revolt of the Masses?

A

Seeds of Discontent

86
Q

When did Bonifacio went to Cavite to heed the invitation of Artemio Ricarte upon the instruction fof Mariano Alvarez

A

December 1896

87
Q

In the secondary source, the Magdalo leaders saw Bonifacio’s gestures and behavior that he regarded himself superior and “acted as if he were a ___”

A

king

88
Q

What was the content of the first letter written by Bonifacio to his uncle Mariano Alvarez?

A

After failing to arrest a Magdalo man in the house of Juan Castaneda, Bonifacio invited his uncle to talk in private so that his uncle might explain the organization to him

89
Q

According to the secondary source, where was the first meeting between the two factions called?

A

Imus, Cavite

90
Q

The Katipunan government is what type of government?

A

Republican

91
Q

What was Bonifacio’s reason for writing a letter to his uncle Mariano Alvarez for the second time?

A

To express his resentment over the results of the elections

92
Q

Who acted as Chairman of the assembly at Tejeros?

A

Jacinto Lumbreras

93
Q

Sino ang ama ng himagsikan

A

Andres Bonifacio

94
Q

Sino ang utak ng himagsikan?

A

Emilio Jacinto

95
Q

Sino ang ama ng rebolusyon?

A

Emilio Aguinaldo

96
Q

Sino ang utak ng rebolusyon

A

Apolinario Mabini

97
Q

When was the revolt of the masses published?

A

1956

98
Q

Who is the author of the Customs of the Tagalog?

A

Juan de Plasencia

99
Q

What is the real name of Juan de Plasencia

A

Joan de Puerto Carrero, del convento de Villanueva de la Serena

100
Q

What are some of the famous works of Juan de Plasencia?

A

Art of Language
Collection of Tagalog Phrases
Christian Doctrines
Diccionario Tagalog

101
Q

Why was the customs of the tagalog written?

A

To give the alcaldes-mayor an explanation about the happenings within the society

102
Q

What are the spokesperson of datos called?

A

Umalohokan (town chief)

103
Q

What are the chief who governed the people and were captains in their wars whom they obeyed and revered called?

A

Datos

104
Q

This refers to a family of parents and children, relations and slaves

A

Barangay/Balangay/Balanghai

105
Q

This refers to the condition in which individuals are owned by others who controls their lives

A

Slavery

106
Q

What are the three castes?

A

nobles, commoners, slaves

107
Q

They are the one who mostly owns the slaves

A

Maharlica (Nobles)

108
Q

These are the ones who accompany dato’s and serve them

A

Aliping namamahay (commoners)

109
Q

They serve in the master’s house or land; they can be sold and transferred to a new master

A

Aliping sa Guiguilir (Slaves)

110
Q

How were the children divided between the mother and father?

A

The first to fifth, whether male or female, belonged to the father. The sixth and so on belonged to the mother.

111
Q

These are given by men to the women’s parents before marriage. If the parents are both alive, they both enjoy the use of it

A

Dowries

112
Q

This means a temple or place of adoration

A

Simbahan

113
Q

True or false: The Tagalogs didn’t have temples consecrated to the performing of sacrifices and practice of idolatry

A

True

114
Q

What is the name of the festival that they celebrate, which also means worship?

A

Pandot/Nagaanitos

115
Q

Where did they celebrate their festivals/pandot?

A

Large house of a chief

116
Q

This is the headgear of the Tagalogs, which symbolizes the number of persons the wearer had killed

A

Putong

117
Q

Give examples of idols that they worship

A

Bathala
Lic-ha
Dian masalanta
Lacapati masalanta
Tala
Seven little goats
Mapolon
Balatic

118
Q

Witch: Man or woman of powerful rank, usually a priest who officiates their worship to the devil

A

Catalonan

119
Q

What was the Philippines called back then?

A

Islas Felipinas/Filipinas Islands

120
Q

This idol signified “all powerful” or “maker of all things”

A

Bathala

121
Q

The Tagalogs worshipped a morning star called

A

Tala

122
Q

This is the patron of loves and of generation

A

Dian Masalanta

123
Q

Patrons of the cultivated lands and of husbandry

A

Lacapati and Idianale

124
Q

They paid reverence to water lizards, which they called

A

Buaya

125
Q

What were the Tagalog’s objects of sacrifice to the devil?

A

Goats, fowls, swine, which were flayed and decapitated

126
Q

Witch: They pretend to heal the sick; can cause death and maladies/sickness; and can prolong life

A

Mangagauay

127
Q

Witch: They can cause infidelity, impotence, and sickness; when husbands leave their wives a sickness falls upon them

A

Manyisalat

128
Q

Witch: His duty was to emit fire from himself at night which could not be extinguished unless he wallowed in the ordure and filth which falls from the houses; and he who lived the house where the priest was wallowing fell ill and died

A

Mancocolam

129
Q

Witch: They are greater than the mangagauay. They can kill anyone by saluting or raising their hand. They can also heal those whom they made ill by their charms. They can also destroy houses of Indian hostiles

A

Hocloban

130
Q

Witch: If they saw anyone in white they tear out his liver and eat it

A

Silagan

131
Q

Witch: Show himself at night to many persons without his head or entrails. He walked about and pretended to carry his head to different places. Then, the next morning returned to his body alive.

A

Magtatangal

132
Q

Witch: Also called sorcerer, this witch can fly; he murders men and ate their flesh

A

Osuang

133
Q

Witch: They made charms for lovers out of herbs, stones, and wood to infuse the heart with love

A

Mangangayoma

134
Q

Witch: Equivalent to a preacher, his office helps someone die, at which time he predicted the salvation or condemnation of the soul

A

Sonat

135
Q

Witch: Is a soothsayer, and predicted the future

A

Pangatahohan

136
Q

Witch: Signified a cotquean, this is a man acting as a woman

A

Bayoguin

137
Q

What do they do with girls when they have their monthly periods?

A

They are blindfolded for four days and four nights while their friends and family eat and drink.

138
Q

What is the other life of rest or, in other words, the village of rest called where people who are just and possessed moral virtues went?

A

Maca

139
Q

What is the place of punishment, grief, and affliction (place of anguish) called?

A

Casanaan

140
Q

What did they call the demons that dwelt in Casanaan?

A

Sitans

141
Q

What were the ghosts and phantoms called?

A

Vibit and tigbalaang

142
Q

What are the spokesperson of Datos called?

A

Umalohokan (town chief)

143
Q

When did the Magellan-Elcano expedition begin and how many how many men were with them?

A

August 20, 1519; 270 men

144
Q

Of the five ships, only how many reached the Phlippines?

A

three

145
Q

When did Elcano and the 17 survivors arrive in Spain aboard the ship Victoria

A

September 7, 1522

146
Q

Who is the interpreter of Magellan who could speak in Malay language?

A

Enrique de Malacca

147
Q

What is the name of the island where Magellan and his men stayed?

A

Homonhon (Humunu)

148
Q

What does casi-casi mean?

A

To be an ally/brother of someone (sanduguan)

149
Q

Who are teh two kings/rajas who accepted Magellan?

A

Raja/Raia Colambu and Raja/Raia Siaui

150
Q

When was the first mass held in the Philippines?

A

March 31, 1521 (Easter Sunday)

151
Q

What did Magellan say was the reason for putting up a cross on the summit of the highest mountain?

A

To protect the island from harm; it was put in the summit so that every morning the would adore it, and if they did, neither thunder or storms would harm them

152
Q

What did the captain tell the locals if they wished to become Christians?

A
  1. They must burn their idols and set up a cross in their place
  2. They must adore the cross daily with clasped hands every morning and they were to make the sign of the cross and they ought to come hourly to that cross and adore it kneeling
153
Q

What was the name of the queen who was baptized by the Spaniards?

A

Juana/Johanna after the Emperror’s mother

154
Q

How many were Cebuano’s were baptized ont the first recorded conversion in the Philippines on April 14, 1521

A

800 souls

155
Q

What miracle did Magellan do in the island of Zubu to convince the people there to burn their idols and convert to Christianity?

A

He healed the prince (King Humabon’s brother) who was paralyzed

156
Q

Who is the king of Matan/Mactan who refused to render obedience to Magellan?

A

Cilapulapu/Lapu-Lapu

157
Q

How many Mactan houses did the Spaniards burn?

A

Twenty to thirty

158
Q

Why was Magellan unable to draw his sword?

A

He had been wounded in the arm with a bamboo spear

159
Q

How did Pigafetta desribe Magellan when he died?

A

He said that the Mactans had killed their mirror, light, comfort, and true guide

160
Q

When did the battle in Mactan between Magellan and Lapu-Lapu’s troops happen?

A

April 27, 1521

161
Q

How many were killed in the battle of Mactan among the Mactans and among Magellan’s troops?

A

Mactans: 15
Spaniards: 8

162
Q

How many years did the first voyage led by Magellan lasted?

A

Three

163
Q

What ship completed the circumnavigation of the globe?

A

Victoria

164
Q

What are the relevances of the first voyage?

A
  1. proved that the earth is not flat and demolished the myth that there is boiling water at the equator
  2. Increased geographical knowledge of mankind
  3. It’s possible to sail around the world
  4. The gateway of globalization
  5. Proved that the Portuguese route is not the only way to the Spice Islands; one can go to the east by sailing west
  6. Discovery of the Pacific Ocean (Mar Pacifico)
  7. Enriched Philippine historiography
  8. Used for exploring the beginning of Christianity in the Philippines

Readings in the Philippine History (2 decks)

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