PRELIMS Flashcards by Erika Maranan

 Is an investigation through constant inquiry, curiosity, and wonder
 It also verifies the answers to questions raised
 love of wisdom

PHILOSOPHY

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 The great teacher of plato who taught that the
goods means a virtuous life due to our knowledge of
the good

SOCRATES

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 He philosophized that truth as the ultimate, ideal
reality can be grasped by human intellect

PLATO

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Remarked that “the unexamined life is not worth
living”

SOCRATES

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 Accorded the tile of The Philosopher
 Was the most gifted of plato’s students

ARISTOTLE

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 He taught that truth is the agreement of knowledge
with reality
 He emphasized that a life lived in moderation is
what makes life good

ARISTOTLE

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A person  Who confronts everything common beliefs,
traditional statements, unverified theories and
hypotheses

phlosopher

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The chronicle of philosophy is believed to have
started in the late ___century BC in Greece, in the
region of Ionia.

sixth century

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The chronicle of philosophy is believed to have
started in the late sixth century BC in Greece, in the
region of _____

region of Ionia

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Three men who attempted to answer the questions
and regarded as the first philosophers:

 Thales (c.624-528 BC)
 Anaximander (c.610-545 BC)
 Anaximenes (fl.5585-328 BC)

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 Became famous due to his practical and general
wisdom that introduced fundamental thoughts of
principles about the cosmos

thales

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“first philosopher”

thales

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 For him, a universe stuff that holds the universe is
water, the basic principle comprising the cosmos

THALES

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 For him, the ultimate cosmic matter consist of
Apeiron, the boundless or the infinite from which all
this come.

ANAXIMANDER

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 A young associate of Anaximander
 For him, the fundamental cause of universe is the
air, the basic component of the cosmos which he
proved and supported the principle of condensation

ANAXINEMENERS

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STUDY OF nature and morality of human acts

ETHICS

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Study of the essence and existence of God based
mainly on reason

THEODICY

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Study of the life principle, particularly that of the
psychological aspect of man

RATIONAL/PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY

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Study on the certainty of human knowledge

EPISTEMOLOGY

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Study on the nature and essence of of human being
and relationship his/her own self, and with other
human beings

PHILOSOPHY OF MAN

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the study of sound reasoning sound

LOGIC

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 Is the science and art of correct thinking
 Derived from the Greek word “logos” - study, reason
or discourse

LOGIC

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 Are directed toward the attainment of truth
 By which we elaborated upon knowledge previously
possessed

THINKING

Concerned with the aspect of form which has
something to do with the corrections or sequence or
the following of rules

FORMAL LOGIC

_______ LOGIC  concerned with the aspect of subject matter or content or truth of the argument

MATERIAL

________ LOGIC  Implies a sense of probability

INDUCTIVE

the operations by which we grasp the essences of things.

SIMPLE APPREHENSION

use of senses to perceive realities to form precept

SENSATION

 image with the help of memory, imagination

PHANTASM

extraction or creating meaning of phantasm with the use of intelligence

ABSTRACTION

what the mind grasps as the essence of the object

CONCEPT/IDEA

\  sum of all the qualities which constitute the meaning of a concept

COMPREHENSION

 refers to all the individuals or objects which the comprehension is applicable

EXTENSION

- means it could either be the subject or predicate of a proposition

Ultimate structural element

absence of something

NEGATIVE CONCEPT

existence or possession of something

POSITIVE CONCEPTS

signifies a characteristic existing in the concept, all modifiers are _______ concepts

CONOTATIVE CONCEPTS

- signifies the meaning of a concept, all definitions are ________ concept  can exist on its own

ABSOLUTE CONCEPTS

 has a “form” only , has intangible quality, that which cannot be perceived by the senses

ABSTRACT CONCEPTS

T OR F: Comprehension and Extension are related to each other inversely

TRU

the _______ the comprehension of a concept, the ______ its extension and vice versa

the greater the comprehension of a concept, the lesser its extension and vice versa

____INTENTION  we understand what the thing is according to what it is in reality

FIRST

_______ INTENTION  it is not in accordance to reality but on how the mind thinks about it  Ex. We are like “dogs and cats”.

SECOND INTENTION

 opposed but with middle ground

CONTRARY CONCEPTS

opposed but with no middle ground

CONTRADICTORY

if they mean exactly the same thing in the last two occurrences

UNIVOCAL

if they have different meanings in at least two occurrences

EQUIVOCAL

if they have partly the same and partly different meanings in at least two occurrences

ANALOGOUS

 stands for a single definite individual or group

SINGULAR

exists as a product of imagination

IMAGINARY SUPPOSITION

 stands for an indefinite subject  Indefinite pronouns and adjectives  Use of numbers

PARTICULAR

 it stands for every subject signified  Universal expressions  Ex. All, every, each, whatever,

UNIVERSAL

________ SUPPOSITION  uses a word for itself alone, for its spoken or written sign, not for its real meaning

MATERIAL

______ SUPPOSITION  uses a word for its real meaning

FORMAL

_______ SUPPOSITION  uses a word for its second intention; that is the way the mind thinks it to be

LOGICAL

____ SUPPOSITION  uses a word in its first intention

REAL