prelims

Question 1

Major goals of Health People 2020
(4 items)

Answer 1

Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.

Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.

Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all; and

Promote quality of life, healthy development, and health behaviors across all life stages.

Question 2

totality of socially transmitted behavioral patterns, beliefs, values, customs, lifeways, arts, and all other products of human work and thought characteristics of a population of people that guide their worldview and decision making.

Answer 2

CULTURE

Question 3

groups of people from several cultures who join together for an array of reasons. For example, a support group for addictions, bikers, or veterans may have members from European, American, Korean, and Panamanian cultures; they create their own subculture within their dominant culture.

Answer 3

SUBCULTURES

Question 4

In cultural competence is a deliberate and conscious cognitive and emotional process of getting to know oneself: one’s own personality, values, beliefs, professional knowledge, standards, ethics, and the impact of these factors on the various roles one plays when interacting with individuals who are different from oneself.

Answer 4

SELF-AWARENESS

Question 5

genetic and includes physical characteristics that are similar among members of the same group, such as skin color, blood type, and hair and eye color

Answer 5

RACE

Question 6

VARIANT CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
(20 items)

Answer 6

Nationality
Religious Affiliation

Political Beliefs
Physical Characteristics
Race

Educational Status
Urban versus Rural
Sexual Orientation
Skin color

Socioeconomic Status
Enclave Identity
Gender Issues
Gender

Occupation
Marital Status
Length of time away from the country of origin
Age

Military Experience
Parental Status
Reason for Migration (Sojourner, Immigrant, or Undocumented)

Question 7

who immigrate with the intention of remaining in their new homeland for only a short time or refugees who think they may return to their home country may not have the need or desire to acculturate or assimilate.

Answer 7

SOJOURNERS

Question 8

may have a different worldview from those who have arrived legally.

Answer 8

UNDOCUMENTED INDIVIDUALS (ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS)

Question 9

appreciation of the external or material signs of diversity, such as the arts, music, dress, or physical characteristics.

Answer 9

CULTURAL AWARENESS

Question 10

has more to do with personal attitudes and not saying things that might be offensive to someone from a cultural or ethnic background different from that of the health-care provider.

Answer 10

CULTURAL SENSITIVITY

Question 11

Developing an awareness of one’s own existence, sensations, thoughts, and environment without letting them have an undue influence on those from other backgrounds.

Answer 11

CULTURAL COMPETENCE

Question 12

Demonstrating knowledge and understanding of the patient’s culture, health-related needs, and culturally specific meanings of health and illness.
Continuing to learn about cultures of patients to whom one provides care.

Answer 12

CULTURAL COMPETENCE

Question 13

Recognizing that the variant cultural characteristics determine the degree to which patients adhere to the beliefs, values, and practices of their dominant culture.

Answer 13

CULTURAL COMPETENCE

Question 14

Accepting and respecting cultural differences in a manner that facilitates the patient’s and family’s abilities to make decisions to meet their needs and beliefs.

Answer 14

CULTURAL COMPETENCE

Question 15

Accepting and respecting cultural differences in a manner that facilitates the patient’s and family’s abilities to make decisions to meet their needs and beliefs.
Not assuming that the health-care provider’s beliefs and values are the same as the patient’s.

Answer 15

CULTURAL COMPETENCE

Question 16

Resisting judgmental attitudes such as “different is not as good.”
Being open to cultural encounters.

Answer 16

CULTURAL COMPETENCE

Question 17

Being comfortable with cultural encounters.
Adapting care to be congruent with the patient’s culture.

Answer 17

CULTURAL COMPETENCE

Question 18

Engaging in cultural competence is a conscious process and not necessarily a linear one.

Answer 18

CULTURAL COMPETENCE

Question 19

Accepting responsibility for one’s own education in cultural competence by attending conferences, reading professional literature, and observing cultural practices.

Answer 19

CULTURAL COMPETENCE

Question 20

RACIAL GROUPS
(4 items)

Answer 20

AFRICAN AMERICAN/ BLACK
NATIVE AMERICAN /ALASKA NATIVE
ASIAN AMERICAN & PACIFIC ISLANDER
WHITE

Question 21

A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, North Africa, or the Middle East.

Answer 21

WHITE

Question 22

A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, or the Pacific Islands. This area includes, for example, China, India, Japan, Korea, the Philippine Islands, and Samoa.

Answer 22

ASIAN AMERICAN & PACIFIC ISLANDER

Question 23

A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North America and who maintains cultural identification through tribal affiliations or community recognition.

Answer 23

NATIVE AMERICAN /ALASKA NATIVE

Question 24

a person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa
history in America started as slaves
Largest racial minority group in the United States
Second largest minority group in the world (second to the hispanic population)

Answer 24

AFRICAN AMERICAN/ BLACK

Question 25

It focuses on providing a foundation for understanding the various attributes of a different culture, allowing health-care practitioners to adequately view patient attributes, such as incitement, experiences, notions about healthcare and illness

Answer 25

Purnell Model

Question 26

Where can the Purnell Model be used? (4 items)

Answer 26

in clinical practice, in formal and continuing education, in research in administration and management of healthcare services.

Question 27

not being aware that one is lacking knowledge about another culture

Answer 27

UNCONSCIOUSLY INCOMPETENT

Question 28

being aware that one is lacking knowledge about another culture

Answer 28

CONSCIOUSLY INCOMPETENT

Question 29

learning about the client’s culture, verifying generalizations about the client’s culture, and providing culturally specific interventions

Answer 29

CONSCIOUSLY COMPETENT

Question 30

automatically providing culturally congruent care to clients of diverse cultures

Answer 30

UNCONSCIOUSLY COMPETENT

Question 31

12 DOMAINS/CONCEPTS OF THE PURNELL MODEL

Answer 31

1. OVERVIEW AND HERITAGE 2. COMMUNICATION 3. FAMILY ROLES AND ORGANIZATION 4. WORKFORCE ISSUES 5. BIOCULTURAL ECOLOGY 6. HIGH-RISK HEALTH BEHAVIORS 7. NUTRITION 8. PREGNANCY AND CHILDBEARING PRACTICES 9. DEATH RITUALS 10. SPIRITUALITY 11. HEALTH-CARE PRACTICES 12. HEALTH-CARE PRACTITIONERS

Question 32

It includes the statuses, use and perception of traditional, magico-religious, and biomedical health care providers; and the gender of the health care provider.

Answer 32

HEALTH-CARE PRACTITIONERS

Question 33

It includes the focus of health care; traditional magico-religious and biomedical beliefs and practices; individual responsibility for health; self-medicating practices; views on mental illness, chronicity and rehabilitation; acceptance of blood and blood products; organ donation and transplantation.

Answer 33

HEALTH-CARE PRACTICES

Question 34

Includes formal religious beliefs related to faith and affiliation and the use of prayer behavior practices that give meaning to life, and individual sources of strength.

Answer 34

SPIRITUALITY

Question 35

It includes how the individual and the society view death and euthanasia, rituals to prepare for death, burial practices and bereavement behaviors.

Answer 35

DEATH RITUALS

Question 36

It includes culturally sanctioned and unsanctioned fertility practices; views on pregnancy; and prescriptive, restrictive taboo practices related to pregnancy, birthing and postpartum period.

Answer 36

PREGNANCY AND CHILDBEARING PRACTICES

Question 37

It includes the meaning of food, common foods, and rituals; nutritional deficiencies and food limitations; and the use of food for health promotion and restoration and illness and disease prevention.

Answer 37

NUTRITION

Question 38

It includes substance use such as tobacco, alcohol or recreational drugs It also includes physical activity and levels of safety or precautions taken.

Answer 38

HIGH-RISK HEALTH BEHAVIORS

Question 39

LIFESTYLE – it includes cultural practices and behaviors that can be generally controlled. ENVIRONMENT – refers to the external environment and situations over which the individual has little to no control. GENETICS– conditions are caused by genes.

Answer 39

BIOCULTURAL ECOLOGY

Question 40

It includes acculturation, autonomy (right of self-governing), and the presence of language barriers.

Answer 40

WORKFORCE ISSUES

Question 41

It involves who heads the household in terms of gender and age. The organization of the family is affected by goals, priorities, developmental tasks, social status, and alternative lifestyle

Answer 41

FAMILY ROLES AND ORGANIZATION

Question 42

It compromises important notions relevant to communication such as primary language and dialects, circumstantial effectiveness and convenience of the language, paralinguistics differences and nonverbal communication.

Answer 42

COMMUNICATION

Question 43

It includes the country of deviation, the geographical influence of the original and present home, political affairs, economics, education status and profession.

Answer 43

OVERVIEW AND HERITAGE

Question 44

it includes cultural practices and behaviors that can be generally controlled.

Answer 44

LIFESTYLE

Question 45

refers to the external environment and situations over which the individual has little to no control

Answer 45

ENVIRONMENT

Question 46

conditions are caused by genes

Answer 46

GENETICS

Question 47

are defined as obstacles or hindrances that make it difficult to access or obtain good health or healthcare

Answer 47

BARRIERS

Question 48

DOMAINS OF BARRIERS (13 items)

Answer 48

Language and Health Literacy Acceptability Availability Awareness Accessibility Attitudes Affordability Approachability Appropriateness Alternative Practices Accountability Additional Services Adaptability

Question 49

include the medical jargon used by health-care providers, inadequate reading level of the patient, or lack of fluency in English or in the patient’s mother tongue

Answer 49

LANGUAGE AND HEALTH LITERACY

Question 50

BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION (4 items)

Answer 50

LINGUISTIC BARRIER LIMITED EXPERIENCE (HEALTH CARE CONCEPTS & PROCEDURES) CULTURAL BARRIERS SYSTEMATIC BARRIERS

Question 51

Health system have specialized vocabulary and jargon

Answer 51

SYSTEMATIC BARRIERS

Question 52

Each person brings their own cultural background and frame of reference to the conversation

Answer 52

CULTURAL BARRIERS

Question 53

Many people are getting health care coverage for the first time

Answer 53

LIMITED EXPERIENCE (HEALTH CARE CONCEPTS & PROCEDURES)

Question 54

Speech patterns, accents or different languages may be used

Answer 54

LINGUISTIC BARRIER

Question 55

BEnefits of Clear Communication

Answer 55

Safety and Adherence Physician and Patient Satisfaction Office Process Saves time and Money

Question 56

is defined as a health-related system offering a needed service and doing so at a time that is reasonable.

Answer 56

AVAILABILITY

Question 57

is defined as the ability of the patient to actually get to a service when needed.

Answer 57

ACCESSIBILITY

Question 58

is defined as having the financial resources to access and use health-care services.

Answer 58

AFFORDABILITY

Question 59

is defined as having a service that is needed and congruent with the patient’s and family’s cultural belief system

Answer 59

APPROPRIATENESS

Question 60

is defined as health-care providers’ seeking resources for their own education and learning about the cultures of the people they serve

Answer 60

ORGANIZATIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY

Question 61

is defined as the health-care environment being able to change and to offer additional services when needed.

Answer 61

ADAPTABILITY

Question 62

is defined as being able to meet the requirements and provide satisfaction to a patient or family needing a health-care service.

Answer 62

ACCEPTABILITY

Question 63

is defined as the patient and family being cognizant of needed health-care services.

Answer 63

AWARENESS

Question 63

is defined as the patient or family feeling it is easy to talk or deal with health-care providers.

Answer 63

APPROACHABILITY

Question 64

is defined as a state of mind or feeling about a patient’s or family’s health beliefs and values.

Answer 64

ATTITUDES

Question 65

are defined as complementary and alternative health-care practices and traditional and folk practices.

Answer 65

ALTERNATIVE PRACTICES

Question 66

are defined as value-added benefits that improve health-care access and adaptability.

Answer 66

ADDITIONAL SERVICES

Question 67

T or F THINGS TO CONSIDER in ADAPTABILITY Provide several times during the week when full service health promotion and wellness, services, testing, and education are available.

Answer 67

TRUE

Question 68

T of F THINGS TO CONSIDER in ACCESSIBILITY Make vans available at convenient locations and at specified times to transport patients to clinics. Don't Provide guidance for accessing services and navigating the health-care delivery system by advertising in local newspapers, in newsletters, and on public transportation systems. Provide telephone triage systems where patients and families can talk with a nurse to determine the acuity of a health concern.

Answer 68

FALSE Make vans available at convenient locations and at specified times to transport patients to clinics. Provide guidance for accessing services and navigating the health-care delivery system by advertising in local newspapers, in newsletters, and on public transportation systems. Provide telephone triage systems where patients and families can talk with a nurse to determine the acuity of a health concern.

Question 69

THINGS TO CONSIDER in ------- Partner with local philanthropic agencies to provide financial services. Involve social workers to get patients funds on a temporary basis.

Answer 69

AFFORDABILITY

Question 70

THINGS TO CONSIDER in ------- Partner with larger organizations that have full service capabilities to offer hours in rural areas on a regular basis. Offer full-service health promotion and wellness services, testing, and education a few days each week on a regular basis

Answer 70

APPROPRIATENESS

Question 71

THINGS TO CONSIDER in -------- Provide cultural competence in orientation programs. Obtain local, regional, or national organizations and personnel to provide cultural competence workshops. Update staff annually on the practices, values, and health beliefs of the populations the organization serves. Provide staff with assessment forms and guides for culturally competent assessment

Answer 71

ORGANIZATIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY

Question 72

THINGS TO CONSIDER in ---------- Advertise in local newspapers, in newsletters, and on public transportation systems services that are available in the community. Include advertisements in foreign languages where appropriate. Partner with local and regional radio and television stations (including foreign-language stations) that advertise the services that are available to patients in the community.

Answer 72

AWARENESS

Question 73

THINGS TO CONSIDER in ----- Do not tell patients that they are wrong for using home based treatments. Do not let judgmental attitudes interfere with acceptance of patients and families.

Answer 73

ATTITUDES

Question 74

THINGS TO CONSIDER in ------- Greet patients formally until told to do otherwise. Maintain eye contact without staring when greeting patients and families. Note that in some cultures, people do not maintain eye contact with people in higher social positions

Answer 74

APPROACHABILITY

Question 75

THINGS TO CONSIDER in ------ Incorporate non harmful alternative practices into treatment plans. * Partner with local folk healers and educate them on when referral to allopathic care is advisable. Refer patients to alternative folk practitioners when the condition (for example: evil eye) warrants it.

Answer 75

ALTERNATIVE PRACTICES

Question 76

THINGS TO CONSIDER in ------ Network with local organizations and churches that can volunteer sitter services with professional oversight. Assist patients with navigating the intricacies of the health-care system. Assist patients and families with completing bureaucratic forms. * Conduct focus groups to determine community needs.

Answer 76

ADDITIONAL SERVICES