prelims Flashcards by REEMA BACHO

 A mandated program in the curricula of all baccalaureate
degree & in at least 2 years of technical-vocational or
associate courses in all SUCs, private higher & technical-
vocational education institutions. 2002 the law started to be
implemented.

The National Service Training
Program or NSTP RA 9163

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 Known as NSTP Act of 2001 / Republic Act 9163,
conceptualized by CHED’s Chairman (University of the East
President, Ester A. Garcia) & signed into law in response to
the public clamor for ROTC.

The National Service Training
Program or NSTP RA 9163

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 A law geared towards enhancing civic consciousness &
defense preparedness by developing ethics of service &
patriotism.

The National Service Training
Program or NSTP RA 9163

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– provide military
training to motivate, train, organize & mobilize for national
defense preparedness.

Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC)

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– to teach literacy &
numeracy skills to school children and out-of-school-
youths, and any other segments of society in need of this
service.

Literacy Training Service (LTS)

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– contribute to
general welfare & betterment of life for the community,
enhancing facilities, improving health condition of its
members.

Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS)

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As stipulated in the laws, each of the components shall be
undertaken for an academic period of

two (2) semesters
and shall be credited for three (3) units per semester with
fifty-four (54) to ninety (90) training hours a semester.

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Generally designed to recover the youth’s sense of
patriotism & national pride, values, habits of discipline &
hard work, integrity and accountability for the nation
building.

NSTP

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seeks to promote values
education, transformation leadership, volunteerism, and
virtuous social entrepreneurship not only to the students
but also the community members they will serve.

NSTP

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 refers to the program aimed at enhancing civic
consciousness & defense preparedness in the youth by
developing the ethics of service & patriotism while
undergoing training in any of the 3 Program components,
specifically designed to enhance the youth’s active
contribution to the general welfare;

National Service Training Program” (NSTP)

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 refers to the Program component, institutionalized under
Sections 38 & 39 of Republic Act No. 7077, designed to
provide military training to tertiary level students in order to
motivate, train organized & mobilize them for national
defense preparedness.

Reserve Officers’ training Corps” (ROTC)

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 Refers to the Program component designed to train
students to teach literacy & numeracy skills to school
children, out-of-school youths & other segments of society
in need of their services.

c. “Literacy training Service” (LTS)

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 refers to the Program component or activities contributory
to the general welfare & betterment of life for the
members of the community or the enhancement of its
facilities, especially those devoted to improving health,
education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety,
recreation & moral of the citizenry & other social welfare
services.

d. “Civic Welfare Training Service” (CWTS)

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 refers to the service components of NSTP as define herein.

e. “Program Component”

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 grouping of students enrolled to different schools into
taking up the same NSTP component into one group
under the management & supervision of a designated
school.

f. “Clustering”

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 refers to a system of enrollment where a student is officially
enrolled in an academic program of an origin school but
is allowed to enroll in the NSTP component of another
accepting school.

g. “Cross-Enrollment”

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 Refers to any private organization duly accredited by
CHED or recognized by TESDA

h. “Non-Government Organization” (NGO)

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All coming students, male & female, starting School Year— , enrolled in any —, are required to
complete one NSTP component of their choice, as a graduation
requirements.

(SY)
2002-2003

baccalaureate & in at least 2 year
technical-vocational or associate courses

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.
 refers to a student enrolled in the ROTC component.

“Student Cadet”

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Students who finished or graduated from baccalaureate
degree or two-year technical-vocational course or associate
course & pursuing or enrolled in another or additional
baccalaureate degree or two-year technical –vocational or
associate course in SY 2003-2004;
Students who completed any of the three NSTP components
but considered freshmen to the course where they
transferred or shifted; and
Foreign students or aliens.

nstp does not cover the following.

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All higher educational institutions including State Universities &
Colleges (SUCs) & technical-vocational education institutions
must offer upon enrollment all the three NSTP components.
However State Universities & Colleges (SUCs) are required to
maintain & provide the ROTC component. In cases that the
enrollment of ROTC Cadets is —-, then the provisions of
clustering in Section 7 of NSTP IRR (RA 9163) should be followed.

less than 350

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Students
enrolled in the first semester of the freshmen year shall be made
to undergo a common module phase for –
period.

25 hours training

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Subjects covered are;

citizenship training; drug
education; disaster awareness, preparedness & management;
environmental protection; & other national security concerns.

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No fees shall be collected for any of
the NSTP components except basic tuition which should not be

more than fifty (50%) percent of the charges of the school per
academic unit.

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Graduates of the non-ROTC components of the NSTP shall
belong to the —-and could
be tapped by the State for literacy and civic welfare activities,
especially in times of calamities through the joint efforts of DND,
CHED and TESDA, incoordination with DILG, DSWD and other
concerned agencies/associations.

National Service Reserve Corps (NSPC)

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The revised NSTP-IRR mandates the implementation of the —-as minimum standard for NSTP
implementation focusing on the following main topics

25
common module and 83-hours specific module or a total of 108
hours for two (2) semesters

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 Known as “Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines
Reservists Act”
 Aims to organize, train, develop & maintain a support
unit to the AFP
 Help protect our country & citizens in the event of war,
invasion or rebellion
 Assist in relief & rescue during disaster/calamities, in
socioeconomic development & in cooperation &
maintenance of essential government or private utilities
in the furtherance of overall mission.

The Republic Act No. 7077

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The National Motto that
NSTP abide

MAKADIYOS,
MAKATAO,
MAKAKALIKASAN AT
MAKABANSA

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set of requirements that
conform with the organizations or the
citizens

Good governance

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According to
Fukuyama (2013), There
are two dimensions to
qualify governance as a
good or bad:

the
capacity of the state
and the bureaucracy’s
autonomy.

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EMPOWERED
CITIZENS
NEIGHBORHOOD
COUNCILS
COMMUNITY
COUNCILS

Good Governance In Local Government

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may be defined as
a declaration and enumeration
of a person’s rights and
privileges that the constitution is
designed to protect against
violation by the government or
by an individual or groups of
individuals.

Bill of rights

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are rights that believe it is
important for all animals or even living beings
to have out of natural law. Ex. The right to live
and right to love.

Natural rights

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they are the rights that are
conferred and protected by the constitution.
Ex. Freedom of speech and press

Constitutional rights

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are an individual’s legal rights,
given to him or her by the local and national
ruling government. These are generally
designed to protect citizens. Ex. The right to
receive a minimum wage and the right adopt a
child by an unrelated person.

Statutory rights

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They are such rights of the citizens that give them the power to
participate, directly or indirectly, in the establishment or
administration of the government. Ex. The right to information on
matters of public concern.

 Political rights

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They are the rights that the law will enforce at the instance of private
individuals to secure for them the enjoyment of their means of
happiness. Ex. Religious freedom.

 Civil rights

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They refer to the rights that are intended to ensure the well-being and
economic security of the individual. Ex. Just compensation for private
property taken for public use.

 Social and economic rights

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They are the (civil) rights intended for the protection of a person
accused of any crime. Ex. The right against unreasonable search and
seizure; the right of presumption of innocence.

 Rights of the accused

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 Any deprivation of life, liberty, or property by
the State is with due process if it is done
 a. under the authority of a law that is valid or of
the Constitution itself and,
 b. after compliance with fair reasonable
methods of procedure prescribe by law.

Meaning of due
process of law

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which
refers to the method or manner by which the
is enforced. A procedure “which hears before
it condemns, which proceeds upon inquiry,
and renders judgement only after trials.”

Procedural due process,

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, which
requires that the law itself, not merely the
procedures by which the law would be
enforced, is fair, reasonable, and just.

Substantive due process

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RA 8491 S. 1998

Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines

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An act of prescribing the code
of the National flag and any
other heraldic items and
devices of the Philippines. This
act declares that reverence and
respect shall at all times,and
be accorded to the flag and
any other national symbols.

Republic Act (RA)
8491?

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– shall mean, all branches of Armed Forced of the Phippines (AFP)

“Military”

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– hang in a curved shape between two points as decorations

 Festoon

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– shall mean the Philippine flag

 Flag

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– shall mean the part of a flag outside the hoist or length

 Fly

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– any conventional sign that reveals achievement and dignity

 Symbol

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– lowering the flag to one half the distance between the top and the bottom of
the staff

 Half-Mast

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– part of the flag nearest the staff attached

 Hoist

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– this means a typhoon signal is raised in the locality

 Inclement Weather

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The flag of the Philippines shall be –. The
flag shall be displayed in some institutions.

blue, white, and red with an
eight-rayed golden yellow sun and three five-pointed stars

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Our flag shall be raised in any

constitution.

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The national motto is “

MAKA-
DIYOS, MAKA-TAO,
MAKAKALIKASAN AT
MAKABANSA

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Penalties in
violating RA 8491? Any person or judicial entity which
violates any of the provisions of
this Act shall, upon conviction and
be punished by a –

fine.

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refers to the detailed constitutional
arrangement and voting system that covers the vote into
a determination of which individuals and political
parties are elected to position of power.

Electoral system

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 No elections for ruling authorities
 Government was based more on tangibles
a) Kinship
b) Customs/traditions
c) Favors
d) Unwritten law

Pre – colonial
Philippines

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also known as “Spanish colonial
government “ in this period the government was lead
by the Governor General. He was considered as the
representative of Spain and the King himself. He is the
highest officer in the island and responsible for
implementing laws from the mother country.

Colonial government

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 In this period the foundation for elections in the
Philippines was founded by the Americans, government
institutions and electoral system were patterned after
the American system.

American
colonial rule

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In this period the Philippines was free in
the rule of Americans and it gives a
chance to govern their own country.
The Philippines election were dominated
by a single party and more
accommodating electoral system was
introduced.

Commonwealth

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Philippines has multiparty system it
includes representatives from
more than one social, cultural, or
economic groups, especially
members of ethnic or religious
groups
Most of our candidates run under a
political party, which helps them
advance their causes and build
their campaigns. Ideally, these
parties should align with the
candidates’ ideologies so that the
proper programs and platforms are
created for the electorate.

The Philippine
political system

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Philippines has — it
includes representatives from
more than one social, cultural, or
economic groups, especially
members of ethnic or religious
groups

multiparty system

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Philippines has — it
includes representatives from
more than one social, cultural, or
economic groups, especially
members of ethnic or religious
groups

multiparty system

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the formal process of selecting a
person for public office or of accepting or
rejecting a political proposition by voting.

 Election,

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elections are held in the
same day all nationals and local offices.

General elections

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– election for the national
officials

National elections

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election for local officials.

Local elections

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– this election are
determined by the congress in the date
different from the regular elections.

Special elections

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refers to the process by which a certain question is put to a popular vote or rejection.

Plebiscite

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refers to the expression of choice.

Elections

involve a process by which the electorate directly proposes or passes needed
laws or programs without going through the
hassles of the legislative department.

Initiatives

refers to when a question or law part of it is submitted to the electoral body
for its approval or rejection.

Referendum

is the process of removing an incumbent officer from his/her position before
the expiration of his/her term of office by a
vote of the people.

Recall

 Universal declaration of human rights (UDHR) – Article
21 (1-3) December 10, 1948
1. Everyone has right to take part in the government of his country, directly or
through freely chosen representatives.
 The international covenant on civil and political rights –
Article 1 (a-c) March ,1976
1. To vote and to be elected at genuine periodic elections.
 The 1987 Philippines constitutions
1. The congress shall provide a system for securing the secrecy and sanctity of ballot
as well a system for absentee voting qualified Filipino abroad. The congress shall
also design a procedure for the disabled and illiterates to vote without the
assistance for other persons.

The three
instrument that
embody the
human right to
vote

Everyone has right to take part in the government of his country, directly or
through freely chosen representatives.

 Universal declaration of human rights (UDHR) – Article
21 (1-3) December 10, 1948

To vote and to be elected at genuine periodic elections.

 The international covenant on civil and political rights –
Article 1 (a-c) March ,1976

The congress shall provide a system for securing the secrecy and sanctity of ballot
as well a system for absentee voting qualified Filipino abroad. The congress shall
also design a procedure for the disabled and illiterates to vote without the
assistance for other persons.

 The 1987 Philippines constitutions

Registration
 Registration day
 List of voters
Election day
 Counting of votes
 Casting votes
 Distribution of election returns
Canvassing and proclamation
 Proclamation of winning candidates
 Board of canvassers

Election process

 Registration day
 List of voters

Registration

 Counting of votes
 Casting votes
 Distribution of election returns

Election day

 Proclamation of winning candidates
 Board of canvassers

Canvassing and proclamation

 A Filipino citizen.
 At least 18 years old.
 A resident of the Philippines for one year and of the city
or municipality wherein he proposes to vote.
 Not otherwise disqualified by law.
 We should register at the COMELEC office.
 We should validate our registration at the Barangay
offices.

Requirement for registration:

is the premier
guardian of the ballot. Its principal
role is to enforce and administer
all laws and regulations relative to
the conduct of elections,
plebiscites, initiatives,
referendums and recalls.

The Commission on Elections
(COMELEC)

a) Faithfully and conscientiously fulfill his/her duties
b) To preserve and defend the constitution
c) To execute its laws
d) To do justice to every man

President

a) To make laws and pass resolution
b) The power to tax and levy imposition
c) To cancel or extend the martial law
d) To grant the president emergency powers in times of war
and national distress

Congress

Voting by popularity
Vote -buying

Our voting
practices

is the appointment or hiring of a person to a
government post on the basis of partisan loyalty. Elected officials at the
national, state, and local levels of government use such appointments to
reward the people who help them win and maintain office.

Political patronage

a family or group that maintains power for several
generations.

 Political dynasty

 Candidate’s public servant image;
 Political machinery;
 Candidate’s popularity; and
 Endorsement of traditional networks
and organization, which include the
family the church, the ward leaders,
formal groups and association.

Top 4 factors that determine the vote of
the Filipino electorate:

a candidate that promotes
justice, righteousness, and peace for all law-abiding
Filipinos.

 R – righteous governance

a candidate that we can trust based on his/her
solid character and willing to take the responsibility of
his/her decisions.

 I – integrity

– a candidate who has the abilities and
qualification to lead his/her country, he must also have the
strengths and personality traits to communicate people.

 G – giftedness

– a candidate who has heart for god , for the
people, and for the nations.

 H – heart

– we need to consider the past experience
of the candidate’s based on area of expertise before running
the office.

 T – track record

 Register for voter registration
 Be informed for the platforms and issues of the political
candidates.
 Set specific guidelines in choosing government leaders.

Before election:

 Vote according to your conscience; and
 Be vigilant in protecting the integrity of votes

During election

 Be vigilant on counting and canvassing of votes
 Participate in local government activities in the barangay
level
 Attend consultation meeting concerning issues in the
barangay level
 Support initiatives of the civil society
 Make views known of the elected reprensetantives int the
government

After election

THE CORE
VALUES OF
NSTP

Values – come from the Latin word
“valere.” All of our values taken together
are called value system.
Corporate culture – system of values
shared in any given place or organization.
The system and overarching value that
characterizes education is HUMAN
DIGNITY.
Personalism
Personhood (pagkatao)

– come from the Latin word
“valere.” All of our values taken together
are called value system.

Values

– system of values
shared in any given place or organization.
The system and overarching value that
characterizes education is HUMAN
DIGNITY.

Corporate culture

CORE AND
RELATED
VALUES

Physical
Intellectual
Moral
Spiritual
Social, Family, Society
Economic
Political

a. Faith in the Almighty God imploring the aid of the Almighty God
b. Respect for life
c. Order
d.Work
e.Concern for the family and future generations

.MAKA-DIYOS ( Pagkamaka-Diyos)

a.Love
b.Freedom, independence, and democracy
c.Peace
d.Truth
e.Justice

2.MAKA-TAO (Pagkamaka-tao)

A .Unity
B. Equality
C. Respect for law and government rule of law
D. Patriotism, conserve, and develop our
patrimony
E. Common good
4. MAKA-KALIKASAN (Pagkamaka - kalikasan)

MAKA-BAYAN (Pagkamaka- bansa)

is a condition characterized by an overwhelming
desire to continue taking a drug to which one has become
habituated through repeated consumption because it produces a
particular effect, usually an alteration of mental status.

Drug addiction

is usually accompanied by a compulsion to obtain the
drug, a tendency to increase the dose, a psychological or physical
dependence , and detrimental consequences for the individual and
society.

Addiction

can now be treated to help people to discontinue
abusing drugs and bring back their productive lives through
scientific approaches.

Drug addiction

 It is a powerfully addictive stimulant that dramatically affects the Central Nervous System (CNS)
 The drug is made easily in clandestine laboratories with relatively inexpensive over-the-counter ingredients

ME T HAMPHE TAMINE

 Also known as Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)
 It is a modification of Metamphetamine and has some similar effects to that drug, but its stimulating effects
can increase to dangerous levels

E C STASY

 Also known as Coke
 It is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug
 It is commonly snorted, inhaled as smoke, or as a solution injected into a vein

C OC AINE

 Also known as Acid
 It is a psychedelic drug known for its psychological effects which may include altered awareness of one’s
surroundings, perceptions, and feelings, as well as sensations and images that seem reel though they are not

LYSE R G IC AC ID DIE T HY LAMIDE
(LSD)

 Also known as Angel Dust
 It is a dissociative drug which was brought to the market in the 1950s as an anesthetic pharmaceutical drug
but was taken off the market in 1965 because of the high prevalence of dissociative hallucinogenic side effects

PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP)

 Also known as diamorphine or an opioid which is most commonly used as a recreational drug
for its euphoric effects
 It is an illegal and highly addictive drug.
 is typically sold as a white or brownish powder or as the black sticky substance known on the streets as
“black tar heroin”

HEROIN

 Also known as Cannabis
 It is a psychoactive drug from the Cannabis Plant intended for medical or recreational use. Cannabis can be
used by smoking, vaporizing, within food, or as an extract.

MARIJUANA

 Drugs that lower neurotransmission levels to depress or reduce arousal or stimulation in various areas of
the brain
 It referred to as downers as they lower the level of arousal when taken

DEPRESSANTS
(TRANQUILIZERS AND B ARBITURATES)

The Philippines’ current drug
situation has turned into an
outbreak with an astounding 1.7
million drug users as of 2008
but now down to —as of 2012, an estimate
released by the Office of the
President.

1.3 million
users

According to a 2012 UN Report,
among all the countries in East Asia,
The Philippines had the highest rate
of –

metamphetamine abuse (also
known as shabu)

Estimates showed
that about 2.2 percent of Filipinos
between the ages of – were
using methamphetamines, and that
were the primary drugs of choice.

16 and 64

•An effective peer-based preventive education
and information program to counter the
dangers of ill effects of drug abuse.

BARKADA KONTRA DROGA (BAKD)

•A team of anti-drug advocates and facilitators
provide participants the opportunity for
positive discussions structured learning
activities, workshops, and inputs.

NATIONAL YOUTH CONGRESS ON
DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION AND
CONTROL

•It offers a variety of activity-oriented
techniques, which are designed to encourage
student-generated responses to problem-
solving situations, specifically on drug abuse.

DRUG ABUSE RESISTANCE
EDUCATION (DARE) PROGRAM

•It is a primary prevention activity that aims to
inculcate the skills of saying “NO” to children
as a firm foundation of preventive education

KIDS AGAINST DRUGS PROGRAM

•In cooperation with DDB-member agency DepEd,
entails five components: Curriculum and
instruction, cocurricular and ancillary services,
teacher and staff development, parent education
and community outreach, and research, evaluation,
and monitoring which is comprehensive in nature
and provides a holistic approach to the problem of
drug abuse.

NATIONAL DRUG EDUCATION PROGRAM
(NDEP)

•This is a primary prevention activity involving the
public transport groups designed to ensure the
safety, well-being of the commuters and
pedestrians by having drug-free transport
personnel.

DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION PROGRAM FOR
THE TRANSPORT GROUPS

•It aims to intensify youth empowerment efforts to
zero-in on drug abuse. This project coverage in six
(6) key cities nationwide including: Metro Manila,
Davao, Cebu, Zamboanga, Naga City, Cagayan De
Oro, and Baguio City.

NATIONWIDE CARAVAN OF YOUTH
AGAINST DRUGS

, symbolizing equality and fraternity;

white equilateral triangle

for peace, truth and justice;

a horizontal blue stripe

for patriotism and valor.

and a horizontal red stripe

symbolizing unity, freedom, people’s democracy and sovereignty. Each ray of the sun represents each of the first eight provinces that started in 1896: as Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Laguna, and Batangas.

eight-ray golden sun

, one for each of the triangle’s points, stand for the three major geographical island groups that comprise the Philippines: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.

Three five-pointed stars

It is defined as physical and psychological dependence on psychoactive substances (for example alcohol, tobacco, heroin and other drugs) which cross the blood-brain barrier once ingested, temporarily altering the chemical milieu of the brain.

ADDICTION

are a class of psychoactive drugs that tend to increase activity in the brain.
Due to their effects typically having an “up” quality to them, stimulants are also occasionally referred to as “uppers”.
Example. Caffeine, cocaine, nicotine

Stimulants

are drugs that inhibit the function of the central nervous system and are among the most widely used drugs in the world.
or “downers”, which decrease mental and/or physical function, are in stark contrast to stimulants and are considered to be their functional opposites.
examples : tranquilizers, barbiturates, inhalants and chloral hydrate.

Depressants

are psychoactive drugs that affect thinking, alter moods and distort perceptions.
Example: lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD, acid)

Hallucinogens

a drug that is smoked and produces mild effects of stimulants and depressants.
Example : marijuana

Cannabis

are used to relieve pain and induce sleep. Some examples of narcotics are opium, morphine, and methadone. Heroin is the most used.

Narcotics

include a variety of volatile compounds that produce unpredictable, drunk-like, hallucinogenic effects on users.
Example : Rugby

Inhalants

Certain psychoactive drugs like heroin, alcohol and cocaine cause a change in the body chemistry when taken frequently in large doses over a long period of time. The human body becomes used to the presence of the drug. Having used the drug, the body begins to need it as much as it needs food. If the use of drug is stopped, the body reacts by showing withdrawal symptoms like trembling, hallucinations, nausea and vomiting.

Physical dependence ( drug addiction)

Some drugs do not produce physical dependence, that means the body does not need the drug nor crave for them.
The drug abuser is convinced in his mind that he needs the drug. It is more of a mental need. He feels he cannot be happy and content without the drug, which has become a very important part of his life.

Psychological dependence

The new user takes drugs for the first time. in his life. Some first timers may experience some ill effects. Some vomit. The unpleasant effects often turn off many beginners. They stop using drugs.

Experimental Phase

Some beginners are assured by their drug-using friends that the unpleasant effects are normal and would pass away, and decide to continue using drugs. He uses drug only when it is made available to him. At this stage he does not have a craving yet for drugs. He does not go out of his way to look for drugs.

Occasional or Social Use

In this stage , he actively seeks the drug of his choice. He tries to make sure that he has a ready supply of the drug. The craving for the drug develops. A change in his behavior becomes noticeable. In time, the craving for the drug increases.

Regular Use

In this stage, the user uses drugs day-by-day. He has to have the drug at all costs. He rather buys drugs than food. His life and his future is ruined at this point.

Drug dependence

is intended to help addicted individuals stop compulsive drug seeking and use. Because drug addiction is typically a chronic disorder characterized by occasional relapses, a short-term, one-time treatment is usually not sufficient. For many, treatment is a long-term process that involves multiple interventions and regular monitoring. There are many rehabilitation centers which can help drug addicts.

Drug treatment

Known as ethyl alcohol or ethanol which can be produced through fermentation.
is addictive because it is a psychological crutch, alleviating anxiety and stress. For many, drinking will get them through a tough day and make them feel better. Drinking alcohol is okay as long as one drinks moderately.

ALCOHOL

It is a small roll of finely cut tobacco leaves wrapped in a cylinder of thin paper for smoking.
A smoking addiction means a person has formed an uncontrollable dependence on cigarettes to the point where stopping smoking would cause severe emotional, mental, or physical reactions.
Nicotine is the addictive substance in cigarette

CIGARETTES

Lung cancer isn’t the only cancer that can be caused by smoking.

Cancer

This is the breakdown of lung tissue, which is very thin and delicate.

Emphysema

A smoker has 2 - 4 times the chance of developing chronic heart disease than a non-smoker. In fact, as a smoker, you are more likely to die from heart disease than from cancer.

Heart Disease

human
Found only in humans
Transmitted among humans
Preventable by humans
immunodefiency
Body lacks ability to fight off infections
virus
Type of germ
Lives and reproduces in body cells

hiv

acquired; received, not inherited (does not run in families)
immuno; protected from (in this case the system protects the body from disease)
deficiency, - a lack of
syndrome; – a group of symptoms or diseases

aids

HIV IS FOUND IN BODY FLUIDS

Semen
Breast milk
Blood
Viginal Fluid

HOW HIV IS PASSED ON?

During unprotected (skin to skin) sex (anal, vaginal or oral)
Contact with HIV infected blood or blood products
Sharing IV drug needles of HIV positive people
From HIV positive mother to child
During breastfeeding

YOU CANNOT GET HIV FROM…

Tears
Saliva
Sweat
Urine of an HIV infected person

When a person gets infected it may take – before antibodies to HIV are detected in the blood

6 weeks or up to 3 months

ALL – ARE PREVENTABLE
MOST – ARE TREATABLE BUT –CANNOT BE CURED

STIs – HIV/AIDS

Is an extreme disruption of the functioning of a society that causes widespread human, material, or environmental losses that exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using only its own resources.

DISASTER

Refers to measures taken to prepare for and reduce the effects of disasters.

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

Typhoon & Flood
Earthquake
Fire
Bomb Threat

DISASTERS

Is a “tropical storm” of damaging proportions.
Can hit at any time of the year but are most likely to occur in the Philippines from July to October.

Typhoon

Signifies a threat of an approaching typhoon or tropical depression within 36 hours.

Signal #1:

: Indicates the likelihood of a typhoon within 24 hours.

Signal #2

Means that a typhoon is expected within 18 hours.

Signal #3:

Is used to denote a direct hit by a typhoon within 12 hours.

Signal #4:

is raised when the expected rainfall amount is between 7.5 millimeters and 15 millimeters within one hour and is likely to continue.
Target areas of this warning signal are warned against possible flooding, particularly in low-lying areas.

A yellow warning

(formerly green) is raised in areas where rainfall volumes of 15 millimeters to 30 millimeters were observed for an hour. In this alert level “flooding is a definite threat.”

The orange alert

, meanwhile, is issued when “downpours constitute an emergency.”
The highest alert level is issued if the amount of rainfall observed for an hour ranges from 30 millimeter to 65 millimeters.

Red alert

are the most common and widespread of all natural disasters.
can be slow or fast rising but generally develop over a period of days.

Flood

Are the shaking, rolling or sudden shock of the earth’s surface.

EARTHQUAKE

A rapid, persistent chemical change that releases heat and light and is accompanied by flame.
Most victims of fires die from smoke or toxic gasses and not from burns.

FIRE

a native or naturalized member of a state or nation who owes allegiance to its government and is entitled to its protection (distinguished from ALIEN ).
an inhabitant of a city or town, esp. one entitled to its privileges or franchises.

CITIZEN

the status or condition of a citizen
the duties, rights, and privileges of this status
a person’s conduct as a citizen

CITIZENSHIP

Refers to any lawful agreement on property or property rights, whether real or personal, tangible or intangible.

CONTRACT

The law or duty by which binds the parties to perform their agreement according to its terms or intent, if it is not contrary to law, morals, good customs, public order, or public policy.

OBLIGATION OF CONTRACT

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