PRELIMS

Question 1

Building block of a theory

Answer 1

Concept

Question 2

Group of related ideas

Answer 2

Conceptual Framework

Question 3

notion of ideas that explains experiences, interprets the project outcome.

Answer 3

Theory

Question 4

organized bodies of knowledge to define what nursing is and what nurses do.

Answer 4

Nursing theory

Question 5

underlying facts they have been studied and bought under scientific process to provide us the body of knowledge

Answer 5

principles

Question 6

These are beliefs and values that define a way of thinking and are generally
known and understood by a group or discipline.

Answer 6

philosphy

Question 7

representations of the interaction among and between the concepts
showing patterns. They present an overview of the theory’s thinking and
may demonstrate how theory can be introduced into practice.

Answer 7

models

Question 8

are statements that describe the relationship between the
concepts.

Answer 8

Propositions

Question 9

perspective or territory of a profession or discipline.

Answer 9

domain

Question 10

organized steps, changes, or functions intended to bring about the
desired result.

Answer 10

process

Question 11

refers to a pattern of shared understanding and assumptions about
reality and the world, worldview, or widely accepted value system.

Answer 11

paradigm

Question 12

A _________ is the most general statement of discipline and functions as a
framework in which the more restricted structures of conceptual models
develop.

Answer 12

metaparadigm

Question 13

the word came from a latin word “nutrix“
meaning, to nourish.

Answer 13

nursing

Question 14

it is called science of nursing created by nursing research,
nursing science borrows from the other sciences, such as medicine,
biology, immunology, social and behavioral sciences, human
development nursing is unique because its focus on the effect of
disease at the patient level.

Answer 14

Empirics/Objective knowledge

Question 15

the art of nursing
direct feeling of experience; its expressive, rather than descriptive
it involves the creation or appreciation of a nurse/patient relationship-
involves empathy, knowledge is gained from subjective acquaintance,
direct feeling of experience ,not scientific testing
it is the difference between recognition and perception

Answer 15

Esthetics/Subjective Knowledge

Question 16

essential pattern to understanding the meaning on health in terms
of individual well-being
involves therapeutic use of self to build and authentic relationship
with patients

Answer 16

Personal knowledge

Question 17

sensitive to the difficult personal choice that must be made within
the complex context of modern health care
these choices raise fundamental question about morally right and
wrong action in connection with the care and treatment of illness
and the promotion health

Answer 17

Ethics/Moral knowledge

Question 18

In this period, nursing was
considered to be “untaught” and
instinctive.

Answer 18

Period of Intuitive
Nursing/Medieval Period

Question 19

Nursing was developed by religious
orders.

Answer 19

Period of Apprentice Nursing/ Middle
Ages

Question 20

• In this period, the development of
  nursing during this period was
  strongly influenced by:
  a.) trends resulting from wars –
  Crimean, civil war
  b.) arousal of social consciousness
  c.) increased educational
  opportunities offered to women.

Answer 20

Period of Educated Nursing/Nightingale Era 19th- 20th Century

Question 21

• In this period, Licensure of nurses started
  alongside: specialization of Hospital and
  diagnosis, training of Nurses in diploma
  program, development of baccalaureate and
  advance degree programs, scientific and
  technological development as well as social
  changes mark this period.

Answer 21

Period of Contemporary Nursing/ 20th
Century

Question 22

Nursing knowledge is distinct from medical
knowledge (Nightingale)
Nursing practices was based on principles and tradition
passed on through apprenticeship and common sense
wisdom.
Nursing was a Vocational heritage more than professional
vision.

Answer 22

1800

Question 23

debates and discussion regarding the proper
direction and appropriate disciple for nursing knowledge
development.

Answer 23

1960

Question 24

Evaluation of 25 years of nursing research revealed that
lacked conceptual connections and theoretical frameworks.
Milestones:
1. standardization of curricula for nursing
master’s education
2. doctoral education for nurses should be in
nursing.
Transition from vocation to profession nursing practice is
based on Nursing Science.

Answer 24

mid 1970s

Question 25

Preparadigm period to Paradigm period introduced an organizational structure for nursing knowledge development to the nursing literature. Utilization phase of Theory Era – emphasis shifts from the development to the use and application of what us known.

Answer 25

1980

Question 26

Nursing education shifted from hospital-based diploma programs into college and universities.

Answer 26

CURRICULUM ERA

Question 27

This era implies that research was a path to new knowledge. It is in this era where research became part of the curricula of developing graduate programs.

Answer 27

RESEARCH EMPHASIS ERA

Question 28

In this era, master's program in nursing emerged in order to meet the need for nurses with specialized education training. Nursing theory and Conceptual Models were included as courses.

Answer 28

GRADUATE EDUCATION ERA

Question 29

It is the era as the outgrowth of research era. Research produced without theory produced isolated information while research produced with theory produced nursing science.

Answer 29

THEORY ERA

Question 30

The Lady with the Lamp

Answer 30

Florence Nightingale

Question 31

explains why the theory was formulated and specifies the context and situations in which it should be applied.

Answer 31

purpose

Question 32

are logistic labels that are assigned to objects or events.

Answer 32

concepts

Question 33

Defined as mentally constructed independently of a specific time or place.

Answer 33

Abstract/ Empirical Concepts.

Question 34

Are directly experienced and related to a particular time or place.

Answer 34

concrete concepts

Question 35

Indirectly observable concepts

Answer 35

inferential concepts

Question 36

defines the concept in relation to other concepts and permits the description and classification of phenomena. It convey the general meaning of the concepts.

Answer 36

definition

Question 37

Define a particular concept based on the theorist’s perspective.

Answer 37

theoretical definition

Question 38

. States how concepts are measured.

Answer 38

operational definition

Question 39

are statements about the relationship between two or more concepts and are used to connect concepts to devise the theory

Answer 39

theoretical statements

Question 40

theory provides overall form to the theory

Answer 40

structure

Question 41

offer a reasoned explanation of why the variables in the theory may be connected in some manner

Answer 41

theoretical linkages

Question 42

______ of a theory are based on what the theorist considers to be adequate empirical evidence to support propositions, on accepted knowledge, or on personal beliefs or values.

Answer 42

Assumption

Question 43

________ models are representation of some aspect of reality through diagrams, drawings, draphs and pictures.

Answer 43

Schematic

Question 44

models represent the real world through language or symbols and directional arrows.

Answer 44

Verbal/ Theoretical

Question 45

introduced her Theory of Interpersonal Relations that emphasizes the nurse-client relationship as the foundation of nursing practice.

Answer 45

Hildegard Peplau

Question 46

conceptualized the nurse’s role as assisting sick or healthy individuals to gain independence in meeting 14 fundamental needs. Thus, her Nursing Need Theory was developed.(health promotion)

Answer 46

Virginia Henderson

Question 47

published her work “Typology of 21 Nursing Problems,” which shifted the focus of nursing from a disease-centered approach to a patient-centered approach.

Answer 47

Faye Abdellah

Question 48

emphasized the reciprocal relationship between patient and nurse and viewed nursing’s professional function as finding out and meeting the patient’s immediate need for help.

Answer 48

Ida Jean Orlando

Question 49

pioneered the Behavioral System Model and upheld the fostering of efficient and effective behavioral functioning in the patient to prevent illness.

Answer 49

Dorothy Johnson

Question 50

viewed nursing as both a science and an art as it provides a way to view the unitary human being, who is integral with the universe.

Answer 50

Martha Rogers

Question 51

stated in her theory that nursing care is required if the client is unable to fulfill biological, psychological, developmental, or social needs.

Answer 51

Dorothea Orem

Question 52

Theory of Goal attainment stated that the nurse is considered part of the patient’s environment and the nurse-patient relationship is for meeting goals towards good health.

Answer 52

Imogene King

Question 53

in her theory, states that many needs exist, and each may disrupt client balance or stability. Stress reduction is the goal of the system model of nursing practice.

Answer 53

betty neuman

Question 54

viewed the individual as a set of interrelated systems that maintain the balance between these various stimuli.

Answer 54

Sr. Callista Roy

Question 55

developed the philosophy of caring, highlighted humanistic aspects of nursing as they intertwine with scientific knowledge and nursing practice.

Answer 55

Jean Watsons

Question 56

yet to be tested through research and found to be consistently true in answering questions, solving problems

Answer 56

speculative

Question 57

Accumulation of facts, principles, and laws that have been repeatedly tested through research over time and found to be consistently valid and reliable

Answer 57

established

Question 58

broadest in scope - represents the most abstract level of development - addresses the broad phenomena of concern within the discipline

Answer 58

grand theories

Question 59

ddresses more concrete and more narrowly defined phenomena - intended to answer questions about nursing phenomena yet they did not cover the full range

Answer 59

middle range theories

Question 60

concrete and narrow in scope. It explains a specific phenomenon of concern about a Discipline

Answer 60

micro range theories

Question 61

to identify properties and workings of a discipline

Answer 61

DESCRIPTIVE

Question 62

to examine how properties relate and thus affect the discipline

Answer 62

EXPLANATORY

Question 63

to calculate relationships between properties and how they occur

Answer 63

predictive

Question 64

to identify under which conditions relationships occur

Answer 64

PRESCRIPTIVE

Question 65

re based on helping individuals to fulfill their physical and mental needs

Answer 65

NEEDS theories

Question 66

As described by Peplau, these theories revolve around the relationships nurses from with patients

Answer 66

interaction theories

Question 67

portray the nurse as the changing force

Answer 67

outcome theories

Question 68

emphasizes a person's capacity for self actualization

Answer 68

humanistic theories

Question 69

specific to academia and refers to a branch of education, a department of learning, or a domain of knowledge.

Answer 69

discipline

Question 70

refers to a specialized field of practice, founded upon the theoretical structure of the science or knowledge of that discipline

Answer 70

profession

Question 71

Theory sets limits on what questions to ask and what methods to use to pursue answers to the questions.

Answer 71

Nursing Research

Question 72

To improve the nursing profession’s ability to meet societal duties and responsibilities, there needs to be a continuous reciprocal and cyclical connection with theory, practice, and research.

Answer 72

nursing research