PRELIMS Flashcards
The branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems.
Zoology
The scientific study of animal life, built on centuries of human observations of the animal world.
Zoology
Theory of evolution, genetics, and levels of organization of life.
Principles of Zoology
Animal Contributions
Food, Transportation, Facilitates labor, Medicine, Research
Are viruses animals?
No.
The etymology of “zoology”.
zōion- “animal”,
logos- “the study of”
It encompasses all aspects of scientific knowledge about animals, like embryonic development, evolution, behavior, ecological distribution, and classification.
Zoology
an infectious disease that is transmitted between species from animals to humans (or from humans to animals)
zoonosis
The act of eating one’s offspring.
Filial cannibalism
suicidal maternal care; mothers let their offspring devour them for survival
matriphagy
He was born February 12, 1809, at Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, died April 19, 1882, in Downe, Kent, an English naturalist whose scientific theory of evolution by natural selection became the foundation of modern evolutionary studies.
Charles Robert Darwin
He is a British naturalist (1823-1913) who worked in developing the theory of natural selection. He also had a voyage to collect samples of species for his study. His experiences lead him to conclude that adaptation leads to evolution.
Alfred Russel Wallace
What is the term within evolutionary biology that refers to the common ancestry of a particular group of organisms?
Common Descent
The average phenotype of a population shifting in one direction, usually favoring an extreme phenotype.
Directional Selection
A species of peppered moth eventually changed to black, due to its polluted environment (transposon DNA inserted itself to a cortex gene). This was during the Industrial Revolution, 1760 – 1840.
Natural Selection
The process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change.
Natural Selection
It refers to the differences or deviations from the recognized norm or standard. “Organisms belonging to the same genus or family can have unique traits or characteristics, down to the cellular level, that they can be called a species of their own.”
Descent with Modification
It is the biological mechanism by which organisms adjust to new environments or to changes in their current environment.
Adaptation
The transmission of traits or information from one generation of individuals or cells to the next.
Inheritance
“All species must reproduce to survive. Organisms cannot live forever, so they must reproduce to allow their species to continue to live on. Reproduction is nature’s way of allowing a species to survive.”
Survival and Reproduction rates
The rate at which organisms survive their environment or mortality rate, and the rate at which they make offsprings or fertility rate.
Survival and Reproduction rates
“The competition of members of a natural population for limited vital resources (such as food, space, or light) that results in natural selection.” Survival of the Fittest.
Struggle for Existence
It is a mode of selection in which the environment favors an average phenotype over extreme traits.
Stabilizing Selection
It is a mode of selection in which the environment allows species with intermediate traits to reproduce less and those having extreme traits to reproduce more.
Disruptive Selection
A type of directional selection in which It implies that there is a selection from a particular biological sex to choose an organism or potential partner for breeding.
Sexual Selection
It implies that organisms do not have the freedom to choose a pair for breeding. “The selection of genes by humans either through breeding or microscopically through DNA.”
Artificial Selection
This refers to the differences in traits and characteristics of the organisms in a population.
Variation
French biologist, (1744-1829); proposed the evolutionary mechanism “inheritance of acquired characteristics”. That the offspring can force to acquire traits from their parents for them to adapt and the changed traits will be passed onto the next generations.
Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck
