Prelims

Question 1

An unexamined life is not worth living

lead to self-acceptance and confidence

an individual may gain possession of oneself and be one’s own master through knowledge and wisdom

Answer 1

purse self awareness

Question 2

Knowledge vs wisdom

Courage to admit that you don’t know everything yet

Answer 2

Practice intellectual humility

Question 3

accumulation of information

Answer 3

KNOWLEDGE

Question 4

proper application of knowledge

Answer 4

WISDOM

Question 5

Dubito, ergo cogito, ergo sum (I doubt, therefore I think, therefore I am)

essence of your existence is in your ability to think

Doubting, questioning, and asking = attainability of certain knowledge

Avoid being a passive consumer

Answer 5

Rene Descartes

Question 6

No man’s knowledge here can go beyond experience

No experience = not able to obtain knowledge

Evaluated experience – the quality of reflection from experience

knowledge obtained through experience must be observed through senses and perception, then it is processed and justified.

Answer 6

John Locke

Question 7

“self is a bundle of perception”

bundle theory

self is collection of a bundle of perception

Answer 7

David Hume

Question 8

“respect for humanity”

Categorical imperative formulation no.2: act in such a way that you treat humanity whether in your own person or in the person of another never simply as means but always as an end.

Answer 8

Immanuel Kant

Question 9

The self is made of 2 components

Me: represents our part that conforms to the expectations, standards, and attitudes of others. We define our own behavior with reference to the generalized attitude of the social groups that we occupy.

I: our individuality; free from outside influences

Answer 9

social self theory (George Herbert Mead)

Question 10

occurs when we are labeled, and other’s views and expectations of us are affected by that labeling

Answer 10

labelling bias

Question 11

happens when we adopt other’s labels explicitly into our self-concept

Answer 11

self-labelling

Question 12

occurs when individuals turn prejudice directed toward them by others onto themselves

Answer 12

internalized prejudice

Question 13

There are parts of us that are open, hidden, blindspot and unknown

It is important to examine how our relationships affects or maybe even define us

Answer 13

Johari window model

Question 14

states that part of how we see ourselves comes from our perception of how others see us

Answer 14

Looking glass self

Question 15

Occurs when we learn about our abilities and skills, about the appropriateness and validity of our opinions, and about our relative social status by comparing our own attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors with those of others

Answer 15

social comparison theory

Question 16

occurs when we attempt to create a positive image of ourselves through favorable comparisons with others who are worse off than we are

Answer 16

Downward social comparison

Question 17

occurs when we compare ourselves with others who are better off than we are

Answer 17

Upward social comparison

Question 18

Asserts that we draw part of our sense of identity and self-esteem from the social groups that we belong to

Answer 18

social identity theory

Question 19

Occurs when we use and advertise our ingroups positive achievements to boost our self-esteem

Answer 19

Basking in the reflected glory (intergroup)

Question 20

Asserts that our self-esteem can be threatened when someone else outperforms us, particularly if that person is close to us and the performance domain is central to our self-concept

Answer 20

Self-evaluation maintenance theory (intragroup)

Question 21

Part of daily life; tendency to present positive self-image to others, with goal of increasing our social status

Can be a strategic endeavor which we involve manipulation

Answer 21

Self-presentation

Question 22

create liking by using flattery or charm

Answer 22

ingratiation

Question 23

create guilt by showing that you are a better person that the other

Answer 23

exemplification

Question 24

create respect by persuading others that you are competent

Answer 24

self- promotion

Question 25

Form of long-term self-representation, where individuals seek to build and sustain specific reputations with important audiences

Answer 25

reputation management

Question 26

Refers to the tendency to be both motivated and capable of regulating our behavior to meet the demands of social situations

Answer 26

self-monitoring

Question 27

relying too much on the first piece of information you learn or hear

Answer 27

ANCHORING BIAS

Question 28

presence is of an audience will increase arousal levels which will then influence performance

Answer 28

AUDIENCE EFFECT

Question 29

presence of others has a positive effect on performance

Answer 29

social facilitation

Question 30

the mere presence of other people will enhance the performance in speed and accuracy of well-practiced tasks, but will degrade in the performance of less familiar tasks

Answer 30

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Question 31

in the face of emergency, the distressed person is less likely to be offered help if there are multiple onlookers present

Answer 31

BYSTANDER EFFECT

Question 32

recognizing bias in others, but failing to recognize it in yourself

Answer 32

BLINDSPOT BIAS

Question 33

Listening to and trusting only information that confirms your beliefs

Answer 33

CONFIRMATION BIAS

Question 34

People place too much importance on one aspect of an event and fail to recognize other factors

Answer 34

FOCUSING EFFECT

Question 35

type of cognitive bias in which our overall impression of a person influences how we feel and think about his or her character

Answer 35

HALO EFFECT

Question 36

notion that, even when of equal intensity, things of a more negative nature (e.g. unpleasant thoughts, emotions, or social interactions; harmful/traumatic events) have a greater effect on one’s psychological state and processes

Answer 36

NEGATIVITY EFFECT

Question 37

Judging or evaluating a decision based solely on the outcome

Answer 37

OUTCOME BIAS

Question 38

Work expands to fill the time allotted. Put simply, the amount of work required adjusts (usually increasing) to the time available for its completion

Answer 38

PARKINSON’S LAW

Question 39

beneficial effect produced by a placebo drug or treatment, which cannot be attributed to the properties of the placebo itself, and must therefore be due to the patient’s belief in that treatment

Answer 39

PLACEBO EFFECT

Question 40

Your likability will increase if you aren’t perfect

Those who never make mistakes are perceived as less likable than those who commit occasional errors

Answer 40

PRATFALL EFFECT

Question 41

Greater expectations drive greater performance

Answer 41

PYGMALION EFFECT

Question 42

People aren’t paying attention at our moments of failure nearly as much as we think

Answer 42

SPOTLIGHT EFFCT

Question 43

common psychological phenomenon whereby individual s give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality that supposedly are tailored specifically to them, that are in fact vague and general enough to apply to a wide range of people (ex: horoscopes)

Answer 43

BARMUM EFFECT