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PH 104 > Preliminary Term > Flashcards

Preliminary Term Flashcards

1
Q

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity

A

Health

WHO, 1948

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2
Q
  • a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living
  • a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities
A

Health

WHO, 1986

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3
Q

refers to the ability of a body to adapt to new threats and infirmities

A

Health

The LANCET, 2006

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4
Q

Different Types of Health (6)

A
  1. Physical
  2. Mental
  3. Spiritual
  4. Emotional
  5. Social
  6. Environmental
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5
Q

refers to the state of your physical body and how well it is operating

A

Physical Health

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6
Q

promotes proper care of our bodies for optimal health and functioning

A

Physical Health

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7
Q

Components of Physical Health (5)

A
  1. Physical Activity
  2. Nutrition and Diet
  3. Alcohol and Drugs
  4. Medical Self-Care
  5. Rest and Sleep
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8
Q

component of physical health that includes strength, flexibility, and endurance

A

Physical Activity

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9
Q

component of physical health that includes nutrient intake, fluid intake, and healthy digestion

A

Nutrition and Diet

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10
Q

component of physical health that includes the abstinence from or reduced consumption of these substances

A

Alcohol and Drugs

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11
Q

component of physical health that includes addressing minor ailments or injuries and seeking emergency care as necessary

A

Medical Self-Care

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12
Q

component of physical health that includes periodic rest and relaxation, along with high-quality sleep

A

Rest and Sleep

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13
Q
  • a level of psychological well-being or an absence of mental illness
  • psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioral adjustment
A

Mental Health

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14
Q

include mental disorders and psychosocial disabilities as well as
other mental states associated with significant distress, impairment in functioning, or risk of self-harm

A

Mental Health Conditions

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15
Q

According to WHO, the determinants of mental health include:

A
  • individual psychological and biological factors (i.e. emotional skills, substance use, genetics)
  • exposure to unfavorable social, economic, geopolitical, and environmental circumstances (i.e. poverty, violence, inequality, environmental deprivation)
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16
Q

Examples of mental self-care activities

A
  • Getting regular exercise
  • Reading a book
  • Learning a new hobby or skill
  • Listening to a podcast
  • Doing a digital detox
  • Practicing mindfulness
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17
Q

refers to possessing, meaning, and purpose in life; having a clear set of beliefs, and living by your morals, values, and ethics

A

Spiritual Health

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18
Q

essentially it means understanding and having a clear definition of what is right and wrong and living according to this understanding

A

Spiritual Health

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19
Q

Factors that play a part in defining spirituality

A
  • religious faith
  • beliefs
  • values
  • ethics
  • principles
  • morals
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20
Q
  • allows us to find the inner calm and peace needed to get through whatever life brings, no matter what one’s beliefs are or where they may be on your spiritual journey
  • gained by growing in personal relationships with others, or through being at peace with nature
A

Spirituality

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21
Q

ways to improve spiritual health

A
  • Connect with your faith community
  • Volunteer or help others
  • Practice yoga
  • Meditate
  • Keep a journal
  • Spend time in nature
  • Focus on your hobbies
  • Speak with a chaplain or someone you trust
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22
Q

often described as the capacity to identify and manage your emotions and feelings, as well as the emotions of those around you

A

Emotional Health

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23
Q

involves developing the ability to
express and manage emotions in healthy ways, such as being able to handle stress and take
responsibility for your own feelings

A

Emotional Health

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24
Q

involves having a good understanding of your self-worth, regulating your emotions, and maintaining good relationships with others

A

Emotional Health

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25
Q
  • caused by a reaction to a situation or person and may even be the result of past experiences or trauma
  • can cause one to feel overwhelmed and emotionally unstable, often resulting in feelings of sadness, fear, and anger
A

Emotional Triggers

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26
Q
  • includes rational thinking, good decision-making, and managing difficult situations
  • associated with a person’s overall mental well-being
A

Mental Health

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27
Q
  • related to the ability to manage your moods and feelings
  • can include the ability to regulate emotions like stress, anger, sadness, and joy in order to have healthy relationships
A

Emotional Health

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28
Q

To have good overall psychological health, working to maintain a healthy balance of both ____ and ____ health is necessary.

A

mental and emotional

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29
Q
  • involves processing information, storing it in memory and understanding this information
  • involves cognitive processes
  • has a wider scope
A

Mental Health

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30
Q
  • involves the ability to control and express emotions appropriately
  • involves emotions and feelings
  • has a limited scope
A

Emotional Health

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31
Q

True or False: Being emotionally overwhelmed can lead to crying, even if the person is not depressed.

A

True

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32
Q

Difficulties with controlling emotions are a common sign of ___.

A

Emotional Distress

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33
Q
  • can be defined as our ability to interact and form meaningful relationships with others
  • also relates to how comfortably we can adapt to social situations
A

Social Health

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34
Q

Signs of good social health

A
  • Balancing your social and personal time
  • Being your true self at all times
  • Engaging with people in your community
  • Treating others with respect
  • Maintaining and building strong relationships with friends
  • Creating healthy boundaries that help with communication, trust and conflict management
  • Turning to friends and family for support
  • Communicating effectively
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35
Q
  • refers to aspects of human health (including quality of life) that are determined by physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychosocial factors in the environment
  • examines the interaction between the environment and health
A

Environmental Health

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36
Q

a major determinant of our health and well-being

A

the environment in which we live in

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37
Q

We depend on the environment for energy and the materials needed to sustain life, such as:

A
  • Clean air
  • Safe drinking water
  • Nutritious food
  • Safe places to live
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38
Q

Environmental exposure

outdoor air pollution

A

respiratory conditions, cardiovascular disease, lung cancer

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39
Q

Environmental exposure

unsafe drinking water

A

diarrhoeal (gastrointestinal) illnesses

40
Q

Environmental exposure

contaminated recreational water

A

diarrhoeal (gastrointestinal) illnesses; eye, ear nose, throat infections

41
Q

Environmental exposure

mosquitoes, ticks, and other vectors

A

malaria, dengue fever, Rickettsial disease

42
Q

Environmental exposure

too much UV exposure

A

melanoma, non-melanoma cancer, eye cataracts

43
Q

Environmental exposure

too little UV exposure

A

vit D deficiency leading to rickets, osteoporosis, osteomalacia

44
Q

Environmental exposure

second-hand smoke exposure in infants

A

low birthweightm sudden unexpected death in infancy

45
Q

Environmental exposure

second-hand smoke exposure in children

A

asthma, lower respiratory infections, middle ear infections

46
Q

Environmental exposure

second-hand smoke exposure in adults

A

ischaemic heart disease, stroke, lung cancer

47
Q

Environmental exposure

household crowding

A

infectious diseases including lower respiratory infections

48
Q

Environmental exposure

cold and damp housing

A

excess mortality

49
Q

Environmental exposure

climate change

A

infectious diseases including giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, salmonellosis; heat stroke

50
Q

Environmental exposure

hazardous substance

A

poisoning, burns, dermatitis

51
Q

Environmental exposure

Lead

A

in children: developmental delays, behavioral problems
in adults: increased blood pressure

52
Q

Environmental exposure

asbestos

A

breathing difficulties, lung cancer, mesothelioma

53
Q

Environmental exposure

noise

A

hearing loss, cardiovascular problems, insomnia, psychophysiological problems

54
Q

the active pursuit of activities, choices, and lifestyles that lead to a state of holistic health

A

Wellness

Global Wellness Institute

55
Q

act of practicing healthy habits on a daily basis to attain better physical and mental health outcomes so that instead of just surviving, you’re thriving

A

Wellness

Pfizer

56
Q

failure of the body defense mechanism to cope with forces tending to disturb body equilibrium

A

Disease

57
Q

Ecologic concept of disease based on 3 premises of the biologic laws:

A
  1. Disease is a result of the imbalance between the forces of the agent and the host
  2. The resulting imbalance depends on the nature of the agent and the host
  3. The nature of the agent and the host and their interaction depend on the environment
58
Q

complete disease process starting from without or within the individual resulting in changes in body form and function until equilibrium is reached, or recovery or death of the individual

A

Natural History of Disease

59
Q

phases of disease (5)

A
  1. Portal of Entry
  2. Incubation Period
  3. Clinical Manifestation of Disease or Clinical Horizon
  4. Outcome of Disease
  5. Period of Communicability
60
Q

Portal of Entry (5)

A
  1. Respiratory Tract
  2. Genito-Urinary Tract
  3. Gastro-Intestinal Tract
  4. Skin
  5. Blood Stream
61
Q

Interval between the time of entry of the agent into the host and onset of signs and symptoms of disease, it varies from one disease to another

A

Incubation Period

62
Q

characteristic signs and symptoms commonly observed in clinical manifestations of diseases

A
  • Fever
  • Rash
  • Other symptoms like jaundice (viral hepatitis, yellow fever, leptospirosis, infectious mononucleosis syphilis, fatigue, convulsion)
63
Q

common localized symptoms associated with diseases

A
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • diarrhea
  • cough
  • pain
  • local swelling
64
Q

physiological abnormalities that might be observed in clinical manifestations

A

abnormal measurements of temperature, pulse, respiration

65
Q

types of laboratory tests that can provide positive indications of disease

A

urine analysis, blood tests, stool tests

66
Q

potential outcomes of a disease

A
  • Chronic condition
  • Carrier state
  • Temporary disability
  • Permanent disability
  • Death
  • Complete recovery
67
Q

the period during which the patient is infectious

A

Period of Communicability

68
Q

the organic body where the agent depends for survival

A

Host

69
Q

influenced by sex, age, nutrition, heredity, and personality development; habits and customs, race, previous experience

A

Resistance/Susceptibility

70
Q
A
71
Q

climate, housing, healthcare settings, travel

A

Environment

72
Q

viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites

A

Agent

73
Q

human, animal

A

Host

74
Q

the substance or force whose presence or absence causes disease

A

Agent

75
Q

Types of Disease Agents (5)

A
  1. Biologic
  2. Physical
  3. Chemical
  4. Nutrient
  5. Mechanical
76
Q

Characteristics of Agents (4)

A
  1. Mode of transmission
  2. Virulence
  3. Organ of Parasitism
  4. Immunity conferred
77
Q

a measure of the severity of the reaction

A

Virulence

78
Q

living agents that parasitize man
(i.e. arthropods, helminths, protozoa, fungi, bacteria, rickettsiae, viruses)

A

Biologic Agent

79
Q

classified as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water

A

Nutrient Agent

80
Q

agents that may be classifies according to the mode of acquisition

A

Chemical Agent

81
Q

this category comprises such factors as abnormalities at atmospheric pressure, temperature, and humidity in industry

A

Physical Agent

82
Q

these agents are chronic friction and other mechanical forces that add unusual stresses to body mechanisms resulting in crushing, tearing, penetrating, wounds, sprains, dislocations, fractures

A

Mechanical Agent

83
Q

Biological Agents

flies, lice, ticks, mites, fleas

A

arthropods

84
Q
A
84
Q

Biological Agents

ascaris, schistosomes, hookworms

A

helminths

85
Q

Biological Agent

malaria, amoebae, leishmania

A

protozoa

86
Q

Biological Agent

actinomycetes, monilia, histoplasma

A

fungi

87
Q

Biological Agent

cholera vibrio, streptococci, salmonella

A

bacteria

88
Q

Biological Agent

R. prowaseki, R. quintana

A

Rickettsia

89
Q

Biological Agent

influenza virus, psittacosis virus

A

virus

90
Q

the sum of all forces that influence the growth and development of an organism

A

Environment

91
Q

Components of the Environment (3)

A
  1. Physical
  2. Socio-Economic
  3. Biologic
92
Q

Components of the Environment

includes the geological structure of the area such as the hills, valleys, plateaus, soil, and
rock composition, and the presence of water, plants, et

A

Physical

93
Q

Components of the Environment

The richer the area, the better the environmental sanitation, disposal of sewage and garbage,
availability of medical facilities, etc.

A

Socio-economic

94
Q

Components of the Environment

  • includes the “universe of living things that surround man, all else than man himself.”
  • the animals man uses for food and for the beast of burden, plants he uses for food, etc., the arthropods and microorganisms found in the air, soil and water
A

Biologic

95
Q

Reservoirs of Infection (5)

A
  1. Man
  2. Animal
  3. Inanimate organic matter
  4. Plant
  5. Soil
96
Q

thing, person, object or substance from which an infectious agent passes immediately to a host

A

Sources of Infections

PH 104 (1 decks)

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