Preliminary Flashcards
Type of niche tourism involving exploration or travel to remote areas where the traveler should expect the unexpected
Adventure tourism
Style of vacation of which the traveler normally stays on farms
Agritourism
Alternative form of cultural tourism
Archaeotourism or Archaeological tourism
Aims to promote the passion for historical archaeology and the conservation of historical sites
Archaeotourism or Archaeological tourism
Type that focuses on having the exposure to different forms of art like paintings, sculpture and other forms of art
Art tourism
Activities involved are going to museums, art galleries, the theaters
Art tourism.
Relatively new style of tourism
Atomic tourism
Tourist travel through significant sites in atomic history
Atomic Tourism
These sites are typically involved with either atomic explosions or the vehicles (planes, missiles and rockets) that transport them
Atomic tourism
Involved visiting sites associated with suffering and death
Black tourism or grief tourism
Type of cultural tourism that promotes independent bookstores as a group travel destination
Bookstore Tourism
Refers to travel of which the purpose is you pursue unique and memorable dining and drinking experience with the locals at the chosen destination
Culinary tourism
Involves immersion in society’s lifestyle, it’s people’s history, it’s art and architecture, it’s religion, and any other elements that have shaped it and its people
Cultural tourism or Heritage Tourism
Tourism involving travel to sites associated with death and suffering
Dark tourism or Grief Tourism
It is a subset of the sector known as medical tourism
Dental tourism
It involves individuals seeking dental care outside of their local healthy systems
Dental tourism
Act of traveling to a disaster area as a matter of curiosity
Disaster tourism
The behavior can be a nuisance if it hinders rescue, relief, recovery operations
Disaster tourism
Involves areas that have been affected by floods, hurricanes, volcanoes and more and inclusive tourism which is tourism accessible to disabled
Disaster tourism
Refers to travel within national boundary or own country
Domestic tourism
It is the trouble for the purpose of obtaining or using drugs for personal use that are illegal or unavailable in one’s home jurisdictions
Drug tourism
Defined as small scale, low impact travel to fragile, untouched and protected areas
Ecotourism
It is also known as ecological tourism and is a form of tourism that appeals to the ecologically and socially conscious individuals
Ecotourism
Is the kind of tourism of which the purpose is learning and enriching knowledge
Educational tourism
Usually these are the students visiting museums and historical places, religious places and the natural areas
Educational tourism
Types of tourism that allows the traveler to destination to attend and have an actual participation in an event like fairs, celebrations, festivals, rituals, ceremonies, birthdays, etc.
Events tourism
Includes tourism of native societies, ghettos, jungles, and urban areas
Extreme tourism
It can also include extreme activities such as mountaineering, bungee jumping, rafting, rock climbing, zip lining and trekking,
Extreme tourism
Types of niche tourism involving travel to dangerous places (mountains, jungles, deserts, caves,) or participation in dangerous events
Extreme tourism or Shock tourism
Is the type where travelers observe a country’s native people with the intent of scientific gain
Ethnic Tourism or Ethno Tourism
It is a travel where the traveler choose to experience the practices of other culture within a community or within a tribal group
Ethnic tourism or Ethno tourism
Is the travel by women, partially or fully for the purpose of having sex
Female sex tourism
Type of niche tourism involving visits or travel to botanical gardens and places which are significant in the history of gardening
Garden tourism
It is a form of niche tourism marketed to gay people who are open about their sexual orientation and who wish to travel to gay travel destinations in order to participate in some extent in the gay life of the destination
Gay tourism or LGBT tourism
It focuses not just on sustainability but also on enhancing the area’s character and though related as much to the environment
Geotourism
It is also called medical tourism
Health tourism
This form of tourism describe the practice of leaving the country to get healthcare or of providers traveling to deliver healthcare
Health tourism
Refers to traveling across national boundary or overseas
International tourism
It is the act of visiting a city or town in order to see a gig or festival
Music tourism
The other type of tourism that combines sailing and boating with vacationing and travel
Nautical tourism
Many of these types of tourist live in their boats and travel in different areas to explore
Nautical tourism
Observing penguins in Antarctica traveling by snowmobile and in Northern Quebec or Alaska going on a reindeer safari in Lapland, and visiting a northern indigenous community, reaching the North Pole on board a nuclear icebreaker
Polar tourism
Tourism is increasingly becoming popular in nearly every corner of the polar and sub polar environments (in both hemispheres) as tourists are motivated to seek unusual tourism
Polar tourism
Act of traveling to locations featured in literature, film, music or any other form of popular entertainment
Pop-Culture tourism
Going to visit locations featured in books, film, tv, music and other forms of entertainment
Pop culture tourism
Type of tourism much akin to slimming which tourism travel to less developed places to observe people living in poverty
Poverty tourism or poorism
Also referred to as faith tourism
Religious tourism
This type of tourism encompasses people of faith who travel independently or in groups to holy cities or holy sites for fellowship, missionary and pilgrimage
Religious tourism
Recent phenomenon of tourist paying for space travel, primarily for personal satisfaction
Space tourism
Most of this is done for business purposes because the average person can’t afford a quick getaway to outer space
Space tourism
That definitely makes the price of simpler types of domestic tourism seems like pocket change
Space tourism
Place where people travel to see a sport event outside of their normal environment
Sports tourism
Involve sustaining a culture’s population, employment, and positive local experiences for both residents and tourists
Sustainable tourism
Refers to recreation travel to war zones for the purpose of sightseeing and deliberated culture shock is perhaps the most dangerous and thrilling form of extreme tourism
War tourism
These include castles and battlefields natural and na made disasters, areas, prisons and dungeons
War tourism
Refers to tourism whose purpose is or includes the tasting, consumption, or purchase of wine often or near the source
Wine tourism
The growing form of tourism features travel for charitable or volunteer purpose-this is one of the most popular types of domestic tourism but can also reach internationally
Volunteerism
Is formal work undertaken systematically to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture, and society and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications
Research and experimental development
In the broadest sense of the word, the definition of __ includes any gathering of data, information, and facts for the advancement of knowledge
Research
Martyn Shuttleworth
__ a process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our understanding of topic or issue
Research
Creswell
Three steps of research
Pose a question
Collect data to answer the question
Present an answer to the question
A studious inquiry or examination
Research
Investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery of interpretation of facts, revisions of accepted theories, or laws in the light of new facts or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws
Research
Major steps in conducting research
Identification of research problems Literature reviews Specifying the purpose of research Determine specific research questions or hypothesis Data collection Analyzing and interpreting the data Reporting and evaluating research
focusing upon the academic perspectives of tourism. While striving for a balance of theory and application,
Tourism research
Types of Research
Qualitative Research
Quantitative Research
Qualitative Research
Case study Grounded theory Phenomenology Ethnography Historical
Quantitative Research
Descriptive
Correlational
Quasi-experimental
Experimental
Factor isolating
Descriptive
Factor relating
Correlational
Situation relating
Quasi experimental
Situation producing
Experimental research
Attempts to shed light on a phenomena by studying indepth a single case example of the phenomena. The case can be an individual person, an event, a group, or an institution.
Case study
To understand the social and psychological processes that characterize an event or situation.
Grounded theory
Describes the structures of experience as they present themselves to consciousness, without recourse to theory, deduction, or assumptions from other disciplines
Phenomenology
Focuses on the sociology of meaning through close field observation of sociocultural phenomena. Typically, the ethnographer focuses on a community.
Ethnography
Systematic collection and objective evaluation of data related to past occurrences in order to test hypotheses concerning causes, effects, or trends of these events that may help to explain present events and anticipate future events. (Gay, 1996)
Historical
Sample
Respondents
The main methods for collecting qualitative data are:
Individual interviews
Focus groups
Observations
Action Research
Typical quantitative data gathering strategies include:
Experiments/clinical trials.
Observing and recording well-defined events (e.g., counting the number of patients waiting in emergency at specified times of the day).
Obtaining relevant data from management information systems.
Administering surveys with closed-ended questions (e.g., face-to face and telephone interviews, questionnaires etc). (http://www.achrn.org/quantitative_methods.htm)
In a structured __,the researcher asks a standard set of questions and nothing more.(Leedy and Ormrod, 2001)
Interview
In __(survey research),interviews are more structured than in Qualitative research.(http://www.stat.ncsu.edu/info/srms/survpamphlet.html
Quantitative research
They have a distinct advantage of enabling the researcher to establish rapport with potential partiocipants and therefor gain their cooperation.
Face to face interviews
These interviews yield highest response rates in survey research.They also allow the researcher to clarify ambiguous answers and when appropriate, seek follow-up information. Disadvantages include impractical when large samples are involved time consuming and expensive.(Leedy and Ormrod, 2001)
Face to face interviews
It are less time consuming and less expensive and the researcher has ready access to anyone on the planet who hasa telephone.
Telephone interviews
Disadvantages are that the response rate is not as high as the face-to- face interview but cosiderably higher than the mailed questionnaire.The sample may be biased to the extent that people without phones are part of the population about whom the researcher wants to draw inferences.
Telephone interviews
IPO framework
Input
Process
Output
Profile of respondents
Input
Struggles of respondents
Input
Potentials
Input
Interview of respondents
Process
Distribution
Process
Analysis of data received
Process
Continuity
Output
Write reference
Go
List down the chapter 1-3
Go
They can be sent to a large number of people and saves the researcher time and money.People are more truthful while responding to the questionnaires regarding controversial issues in particular due to the fact that their responses are anonymous. But they also have drawbacks.Majority of the people who receive questionnaires don’t return them and those who do might not be representative of the originally selected sample.(Leedy and Ormrod, 2001))
Paper and pencil questionnaires
: A new and inevitably growing methodology is the use of Internet based research. This would mean receiving an e-mail on which you would click on an address that would take you to a secure web-site to fill in a questionnaire. This type of research is often quicker and less detailed.Some disadvantages of this method include the exclusion of people who do not have a computer or are unable to access a computer.Also the validity of such surveys are in question as people might be in a hurry to complete it and so might not give accurate responses. (http://www.statcan.ca/english/edu/power/ch2/methods/methods.htm)
Questionnaires often make use of Checklist and rating scales.These devices help simplify and quantify people’s behaviors and attitudes.A checklist is a list of behaviors,characteristics,or other entities that te researcher is looking for.Either the researcher or survey participant simply checks whether each item on the list is observed, present or true or vice versa.A rating scale is more useful when a behavior needs to be evaluated on a continuum.They are also known as Likert scales. (Leedy and Ormrod, 2001
Web based questionnaires
