Preliminaries

Question 1

structure of DNA
A means…

Answer 1

adenine

Question 2

structure of DNA
T means…

Answer 2

THYMINE

Question 3

structure of DNA
C means…

Answer 3

CYTOSINE

Question 4

structure of DNA
G means…

Answer 4

GUANINE

Question 5

What are the four (4) nitrogen-containing bases

Answer 5

(A) denine
(G) uanin
(C) ytosin
(T) hymine

Question 6

Who elucidated the molecular structure of DNA and in what year?

Answer 6

James Watson & Francis Crick

Question 7

What does James Watson and Francis Crick used in 1953

Answer 7

X-ray diffraction data

Question 8

who collected the X-ray diffraction data?

Answer 8

Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins

Question 9

What does Watson and Crick propose?

Answer 9

Doble Helix

Question 10

a twisted, spiral ladder structure consisting of two long chains wound around each other and held together by hydrogen bonds

Answer 10

Double Helix

Question 11

dna is composed of composed units which is called _______

Answer 11

nucleotides

Question 12

purine with a double-ring structure

Answer 12

Guanine

Question 13

smaller pyrimidine molecules with a single ring structure

Answer 13

Cytosine and Thymine

Question 14

Who performed the biochemical anlyses?

Answer 14

Erwin Chargaff

Question 15

________ consists of two sister chromatids, each of which is comprised of a contracted and compacted double Helix of DNA .

Answer 15

Chromosome

Question 16

_______ is a constriction visible on metaphase chromosomes where the two sister chromatids are joined together.

Answer 16

Centromere

Question 17

The synthesis of a new molecule of DNA is called _______

Answer 17

replication

Question 18

What Is the 3 general categories that the DNA classified

Answer 18

Unique sequence
highly repetitive sequence DNA
middle repititive sequence DNA

Question 19

in what law does the two alleles segregate randomly from each other during the formation of gametes

Answer 19

First Law: Principle of Segregation

Question 20

___ are different version of the same gene

Answer 20

allele

Question 21

Refers to an individual with two identical alleles

Answer 21

homyzygous

Question 22

an individual with two different alleles

Answer 22

heterozygous

Question 23

refers to specific allelic composition of an individual

Answer 23

genotype

Question 24

it is a term was suggested in 1920 by ______

Answer 24

Genome
Hans Winkler

Question 25

it is a blend of gene and chromosomes

Answer 25

genome

Question 26

it can be defined as the genetic material of an organism

Answer 26

genome

Question 27

the Study of chromosomes and their role in heredity

Answer 27

Cytogenetics

Question 28

focuses on studying structure composition of chromosomes as well as diagnosis chromosomal abnormalities associated with disease

Answer 28

Cytogenetics

Question 29

refers to the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

Answer 29

Karyotype

Question 30

refers to the complete set of chromosomes in a species

Answer 30

Karyotype

Question 31

a normal human contain ____ pair of autosomes and ___ of sex chromosomes

Answer 31

22 pairs 1 pair

Question 32

the Study of chromosomes and genomic structure, function, variation and their role in human disease and hereditary

Answer 32

Cytogenetics

Question 33

hereditary material in the humans and almost all other organism

Answer 33

DNA

Question 34

most dna is located in the _________ where it is called ________ DNA

Answer 34

cell nucleus nuclear DNA

Question 35

small amount of DNA can also be found in the _________ and is called ________ DNA or _______

Answer 35

mitochondrial DNA or mDNA

Question 36

structure of RNA A means..

Answer 36

adenine

Question 37

U means...

Answer 37

uracil

Question 38

C means...

Answer 38

Cytosine

Question 39

G means...

Answer 39

Guanine

Question 40

A is paired in to

Answer 40

T

Question 41

G is paired to

Answer 41

C

Question 42

T isa paired to

Answer 42

A

Question 43

C is paired to

Answer 43

G

Question 44

3 types of RNA

Answer 44

messenger RNA (mRNA) transfer RNA (tRNA) ribisomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 45

TO CONVEY GENETIC INFORMATION

Answer 45

messenger RNA

Question 46

molecules to deliver amino acids to the ribosome

Answer 46

transfer rna

Question 47

links amino acids together to form proteins

Answer 47

ribosomal rna

Question 48

a polymeric molecule essential in various biological role in :

Answer 48

RNA

Question 49

a polymeric molecule essential in various biological role in : what

Answer 49

coding decoding regulation and expression of gene

Question 50

function: medium of long term stable storage and transmission of genetic information

Answer 50

dna

Question 51

function: transfers genetic code needed for the creation of Proteins fron the nucleus to the ribosomes

Answer 51

rna

Question 52

structure or dna

Answer 52

double-stranded

Question 53

structure of rna

Answer 53

single stranded

Question 54

Location: in the nucleus of the cell in mitochondria

Answer 54

DNA

Question 55

Location: in the nucleus, ytoplasm, ribosome

Answer 55

RNA

Question 56

chromosomes are at their greatest elongation and are not vissiobe as discrete structures under the light microscope during interphase

Answer 56

Prophase

Question 57

short period between prophase and metaphase during which the nuclear membrane disappears to the spindle fibers begin to appear

Answer 57

Prometaphase

Question 58

______ are visible early prophase but disappear as the stag progresses

Answer 58

nuleoli

Question 59

the mitotic spindle is completed, the centioles divide and move to opposite poles, and the chromosomes line up on the equatorial plate

Answer 59

metaphase

Question 60

it takes place only in the ovaries and testes

Answer 60

Meosis

Question 61

the final stages of mitosis

Answer 61

telophase

Question 62

centromers divide longitudinally and the chromatids separate during this stage

Answer 62

anaphase

Question 63

a complex stage that is further subdivided as follows

Answer 63

prophase 1

Question 64

In ________ there are _____ chromosomes each compromised of two chromatids

Answer 64

leptotene 46 chromosomes

Question 65

it appears as long thread-like structures pair locus for locus

Answer 65

zygotene

Question 66

the centromers of each bivalent separate and migrate to opposite poles

Answer 66

anaphase 1

Question 67

chromosomes reach their greatest contraction during last stage of prophase

Answer 67

Diakinesis

Question 68

characterized vy disappearance of the nuclear membrane and formation of meiotic spindle

Answer 68

metaphase 1

Question 69

____ in human females begins in prenatal life

Answer 69

oogenesis

Question 70

______ takes please in the seminiferous tubules of the male testes

Answer 70

spermatogenesis

Question 71

the chromosome of the egg and sperm produced in meiosis II are each surrounded by a unclear membrane within the cytoplasm of the ovum and are reffered to as pronuclei

Answer 71

fertilization

Question 72

who formulated the term karyotype to refer the orders arrangement of chromosomes

Answer 72

Levitsky

Question 73

who introduced the chromosomes in 1888

Answer 73

waldeyer

Question 74

chromosomes from the Greek word...

Answer 74

colored body