Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

N5 Biology > Prelim Revision > Flashcards

Prelim Revision Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a unicellular organism?

A

An organism with one single cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a multicellular organism?

A

An organism made up of many cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the nucleus do?

A

Controls cell activities and contains genetic material (DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the cell membrane do? What is it made of?

A

Controls what enters and exits the cell, made of phospholipids and plasmids, selectively permeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the cell wall do?

A

Support and shape, prevents plant cells from bursting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the cell wall made of? (plant and other cells)

A

Cellulose in plant cells, other substances in other cells like fungal and bacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the vacuole do?

A

Stores the cell sap, helps to support the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do chloroplasts do?

A

Contains chlorophyll, site of photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do mitochondria do?

A

Site of aerobic respiration, and ATP production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What to ribosomes do?

A

Site of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is every living organism made of?

A

Cells (unicellular or multicellular)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do animal cells contain?

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosome, mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do plant cells contain?

A

Cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole, ribosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts (in green plant cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do fungal cells contain?

A

Cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do bacterial cells contain?

A

Plasmid, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall, ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

The release of energy from food by a cell using oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

Site of chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is DNA?

A

Substance found in chromosomes that carries the genetic code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Process carried out by green plants to make their own food using light energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the cell membrane made of?

A

Phospholipids and protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is passive transport?

A

The movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration, does not require additional energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are some examples of passive transport?

A

Diffusion and osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of substances from a high concentration to a lower concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are some examples of substances that enter most cells by diffusion?

A

Oxygen, glucose, amino acids

25
Q

What are some examples of substances that leave most cells by diffusion?

A

Carbon dioxide, Urea

26
Q

Why is diffusion important?

A

Helps provide the cell with raw materials and helps to remove waste products

27
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The movement of water molecules from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration

28
Q

What would happen to an animal cell placed in a solution with a higher water concentration than that inside the cell?

A

Burst

29
Q

What would happen to an animal cell placed in a solution with a lower water concentration than that inside the cell?

A

Shrink

30
Q

What would happen to a plant cell placed in a solution with a higher water concentration than that inside the cell?

A

Turgid

31
Q

What would happen to a plant cell placed in a solution with a lower water concentration than that inside the cell?

A

Plasmolysed

32
Q

What is active transport?

A

The movement of molecules from a region of low concentration to a higher concentration, requiring additional energy (ATP)

33
Q

What is the chromosome complement of a cell?

A

The number and type of chromosomes it contains

34
Q

What would it mean if the chromosome complement was diploid?

A

That their nuclei have two matching sets of chromosomes

35
Q

What is replication?

A

The process by which DNA copies itself

36
Q

What is a replicated chromosome called?

A

A chromatid

37
Q

What happens during mitosis?

A

Each chromosome is replicated, the nucleus of a diploid parent cell divides to produce two daughter cells (genetically identical to the parent calls)

38
Q

What is the sequence of events during mitosis?

A
  1. Chromosomes replicate and become visible as pairs of chromatids
  2. The chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell
  3. Their chromatids are pulled to opposite poles by spindle fibres to form two new nuclei
  4. The cell cytoplasm then splits between the new nuclei to form two daughter cells
39
Q

What are chromosomes made up of?

A

Genes

40
Q

What is a single DNA molecule called?

A

A double stranded helix

41
Q

What does each strand of DNA carry?

A

A chain of molecules called bases

42
Q

What are the four different types of bases?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine, these bases make up the genetic code

43
Q

What does the base sequence of a specific gene determine?

A

The amino acid sequence in the specific protein to be assembled

44
Q

Where are proteins assembled?

A

At the ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm

45
Q

What is messenger RNA (mRNA)?

A

A molecule that carries a complementary copy of the code from the DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome

46
Q

What does the shape of a protein affect?

A

The function

47
Q

What are the functions of proteins?

A

Structural, Enzymes, Hormones, Antibodies and Receptors

48
Q

What do structural proteins do?

A

Make up cell structures such as membranes

49
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

Function as biological catalysts and are made up by all living cells, they speed up chemical reactions and are unchanged in the process

50
Q

What do hormones do?

A

Act as chemical messengers between cells and travel in body fluids such as blood

51
Q

What are antibodies?

A

Protein molecules that are involved in body defences

52
Q

What are receptors?

A

Found in cell membranes, recognise specific substances

53
Q

What is the substance an enzyme acts on called?

A

The substrate

54
Q

What is the active site of an enzyme?

A

Where they bind to substrate molecules

55
Q

What does it mean that enzymes are specific?

A

The shape of the active site only fits with the shape of the complementary substrate, lock and key

56
Q

What conditions does an enzyme work best in?

A

Optimum

57
Q

What can extremes in temperature or pH do to the enzyme? How will this affect the enzyme?

A

Change its molecular shape, known as denaturation, this will affect the rate of the reaction

58
Q

How can genetic information be transferred?

A

Naturally or Artificially

59
Q

What are some natural methods of genetic transfer?

A

Fertilisation in plants and animals

N5 Biology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions