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NAT 5 History > Prelim Revision > Flashcards

Prelim Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the conditions on the Middle Passage

A
  • Families separates - men, women+children
  • Nutrient lacking food - starch based - rice yams sea biscuits - force fed
  • Raped - dehumanised - objects of pleasure
  • Diseases - malaria, yellow fever
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2
Q

Describe what conditions were like for enslaved people on the Caribbean Plantations

A
  • Owners broke in new slaves - learn new language + new name - dehumanised
  • work very long hours - 12hrs
  • Subjected to severe discipline, torture, cruelty + sexual abuse - whipped if work too slow
  • flimsy huts - draughty + cold Winter
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3
Q

Explain why Britain became involved in the slave trade

A
  • Sugar becoming more desirable - mass market - no longer luxury item
  • Many Brit Businessman already had plantations in the Caribbean
  • Early attempts of using British workers in the Caribbean were unsuccessful- couldn’t survive the climate
  • Shipyards, rope-makers, metal workers, banks, insurance companies gained profits - compete with Spain + France
  • Racist attitudes
  • African Chiefs eager to trade - wanted money and goods to get rich
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4
Q

Describe the impact of the slave trade on the Caribbean islands

A
  • Population wipeout - Europeans introduced new diseases to natives
  • Landscape Changed - cleared for plantations + houses
  • Brought wealth - meant economies dependant - Barbados 93% exports sugar
  • Demographic shift - native population overtaken by slaves (C18th 80% pop black)
  • Social divides between rich whites + poor blacks still haunts Caribbean today
  • Segregation
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5
Q

Explain why it was difficult for enslaved people to resist in AFRICA

A
  • No leader - any efforts messy + unorganised
  • Severe punishments - flogged, beaten, killed - threat of death too risky
  • Guards has weapons - easily overpower + kill
  • scared of whites - thot going to eat them
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6
Q

Describe the ways slaves resisted on the Middle Passage

A
  • Jumped overboard - owners lose money
  • Attacked sailors with knives
  • Threw sailors overboard
  • Killed captain - battered captains face to a pulp with their wooden bowls
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7
Q

Explain why it was difficult for enslaved people to resist in the Middle Passage

A
  • Really Weak from hunger + disease
  • Enemies has guns
  • Shackled
  • I have nowhere to go
  • Severe punishments
  • Too many languages
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8
Q

Describe the ways slaves resisted on the plantations

A
  • Run away
  • Keep traditions alive - keep own names in secret - African music
  • Pretended to be stupid - broke things
  • Kill newborns - deprive owner of another slave
  • Tried to kill owner - female cooks poison
  • Injured themselves to prohibit working
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9
Q

Explain why it was difficult for enslaved people to resist on the plantations

A
  • Weak from hunger/ disease
  • Nowhere to go
  • Language Barrier
  • Easily identified if escaped (skin colour)
  • Severe punishments
  • Owners has weapons
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10
Q

Explain why the slave trade was abolished

A
  • Christian groups eg Quakers became vocal
  • Role of Wilberforce- regularly intrigued anti slavery motions for 18 yrs
  • Former slaves enlightening ppl - Equiano book shocked many ppl
  • Publicity - Pamphlets, Articles, Posters to inform - Wedgewood China
  • Reports being written - for >100 yrs conditions in Caribbean not improved - shared with public + MPs - upsetting
  • British economy was changing - new markets - paid workers in India for less money - economy no longer depended on slave trade
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11
Q

Describe tactics used by Abolitionists

A
  • Wedgewood - China - Upper classes
  • Sugar boycott - 1792 400,000
  • Petitions - 40 presbyteries 1788-92
  • Evidence - Equiano
  • Propaganda- pamphlets + posters
  • Lectures - James Beattie
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12
Q

Explain why the US closed its doors on immigration

A
  • Nativism - thot imms threatens the way of life they’d established- racist - ruin communities + law & order
  • Fear of new religions- white Protestants felt superior to Jews + Catholics - scared they’d overthrow + enforce
  • Anger over jobs - imms work for very little - acted as strike breakers
  • Fear of disease - thot imms dirty unintelligent + brought diseases like cholera - slightly true - 1918 Spanish Flu
  • Fear of government systems - many imms escaping communism but US scared they’d try overthrow current govt and enforce communism
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13
Q

Describe the Jim Crow Laws

A
  • Transported segregated - buses
  • Eating places segregated- lunch counters
  • Education separate - Black + white schools
  • Social places separate - toilets, water fountains, parks
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14
Q

Describe the effects of Jim Crow Laws on blacks in the South

A
  • Etiquette- polite - sir/ma’am
  • Discrimination of jobs
  • Fear - punishments of laws not adhered to
  • Segregation of housing - natural - live with ppl like them self
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15
Q

Describe the activities of the KKK

A
  • Cross burning - terrorise, intimidate - symbolised white supremacy
  • Lynching - hang, beat, shoot - no police / courts
  • Marched throughly streets - threatening posters - warning ppl to leave town- intimidate
  • Arson - burned down black communities, schools + churches
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16
Q

Explain why the Civil Rights Movement grew from 1900-55

A
  • Jim Crow laws - fed up of being mistreated, segregated, forced to be polite - angry unfair
  • lynchings - blacks scared they could be killed by whites with no repercussions
  • ‘NAACP’ formed 1909 - 1st organisation resulted in growth
  • Allied victory in WWII - blacks found it unfair ironic they fought for freedom but still didn’t have it themselves
  • India demanding independence from Britain - inspired blacks as India managed to get results
  • Emmet Till death 1935 - brutal unfair nature of death sparked outrage + protests
17
Q

Explain why Abolitionists wanted to end the slave trade

A 
————————————————
RELIGIOUS
————————————————
• Many Quakers - slavery is a moral sin
• God creates mankind as brothers and sisters

——————————————————————
ECONOMICAL
——————————————————————
•Sugar could be produced cheaper by free workers in India
• British industries did not need triangular trade to survive - banking businesses already established in the city
• British trade with the Far East was more important
• Sugar sales falling anyway

——————————————————————
SOCIAL
——————————————————————
• Slave trade brutalised Africans
• Revelations of the horrors of the trade

——————————————————————
REVOLUTIONARY
——————————————————————
•Ideas spreading (French Rev 1789) - change possible by ppl

• House of Lords

17
Q

Explain why it took so long to abolish the slave trade

A

————————————————
WAR WITH FRANCE
————————————————
•top priority
• expensive - soldiers had to be transported
• claimed was training ground for navy
• trained soldiers + gave them basic skills

——————————————————————
SUPPORTED BY POWERFUL PPL
——————————————————————
• King George III
• Mps - made hard put ideas forward in parliament 
——————————————————————
ECONOMIC ISSUES 
——————————————————————
• Result in huge loss of money
• Thousands lose jobs
• Poor financial consequences 
——————————————————————
PETITIONS
——————————————————————
•ignored bc vast no.of MPs for ST
• Mayors + merchants petitions complaining they’d lose all trade tied to ST

——————————————————————
FEAR OF REVOLT
——————————————————————
• many thot slaves in West Indies would revolt if trade ended thinking they were free
• fear fuelled by Haitian rev as showed slaves could defeat owners

——————————————————————EXAGGERATION
——————————————————————
• many genuinely believed the Abolitionists were exaggerating - making stuff up
• they did only talk about worst parts in order to gain sympathy
• however not all owners treated slaves the same

18
Q

Describe the economic benefits to Britain

A
  • Banking industry grew in London
  • Liverpool grew from a small fishing town to a city producing 2/5 slave ships
  • Creation of jobs like rope makers, insurance companies, shipyards in all ports especially Bristol
  • Glasgow flourished due to money from the ST - this is reflected in street names eg Jamaica St and Glassford St
19
Q

Describe the experience of immigrants in America

A 
————————————————
JOBS
————————————————
• low pay, unskilled
• Discrimination eg Ford not empty Jews
——————————————————————
LANGUAGE BARRIER
——————————————————————
• Not all spoke English
• Couldn’t communicate
• Frustration/ suspicion
• Mix with ppl who speak same lang
——————————————————————
RELIGION
——————————————————————
• WASPs 
• Catholic’s from Italy + Jews from E.Europe eg Ford not employ Jews 
——————————————————————
POVERTY
——————————————————————
• Low pay or no job
• slums - overcrowding 
• work no better than previous homes
——————————————————————
DISCRIMINATION 
——————————————————————
• Religion
• Crime stereotype 
• Dirty - Diseases
• couldn’t get jobs 
• political
• Tension
20
Q

Describe the Montgomery Bus Boycott

A
  • 1955 - blacks were angry that Rosa Parks had been arrested after refusing to give up her seat to a white man - fed up
  • Black decides to boycott buses as they made up majority of ppl using them - would hurt bus companies
  • Decided to walk everywhere or organised car pools
  • Huge economic impact on bus companies
  • Buses eventually desegregated
21
Q

Describe the events in Little Rock in 1957

A
  • The high school was to be desegregated and NAACP wanted to test the law
  • 9 black kids were sent to the school
  • Orval Faubus (gov of Arkansas) sent state soldiers to the school to stop black kids getting in
  • White protestors formed angry mob around school
  • Elizabeth Eckford - 1st black student to try to enter
  • Met by adults spitting and shouting at her
  • Outraged, the President order Governor to remove soldiers
  • Pres sent 1000 US soldier to escort the black kids to school
  • Stayed for 1 yr to ensure kids were safe in school

NAT 5 History (5 decks)

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