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computing science! > Prelim Revision <3 > Flashcards

Prelim Revision <3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Binary number?

A

A numeric system that only uses two digits (0 and 1)

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2
Q

What is a Denary number

A

Standard number system (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)

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3
Q

What is an Integer?

A

A whole number (-ve, +ve or 0)

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4
Q

What is Floating Point Representation (FPR) ?

A

Numbers with a decimal point

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5
Q

What is a Real number??

A

ANY number (-ve, +ve, 0, decimals, fractions etc)

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6
Q

What is negative in Two’s Complement?

A

If the most significant bit (MSB) is +ve or -ve depends on left number (1 is negative 0 is positive)

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7
Q

What is the Range?

A

The difference from lowest to highest in a set of numbers

Example: 8 bits
-2^8-1 to (2^8-1)-1

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8
Q

What is a Mantissa?

A

The number located after the point

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9
Q

What is the Exponent?

A

The power that is used to determine how far the point has moved

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10
Q

What is the Precision?

A

How accurate it can reproduce the original number

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11
Q

What is ASCII?

A

American Standard Code (for) Information Interchange

ASCII uses 7-bits and so can store up to 128 characters

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12
Q

What is Extended ASCII?

A

Extended ASCII uses 8-bits and so can store up to 256 characters

SCOTT’S NUMBER

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13
Q

What is Unicode?

A

16-bits per character! Meaning it can store a maximum of 65 536 different character.

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14
Q

What is a Printable Character?

A

Literally the stuff you print (letters, numbers, punctuation)

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15
Q

What is a Character Set?

A

Characters that can be stored in a particular representation

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16
Q

What is standardised?? ASCII or Unicode

A

Unicode

17
Q

What is a Pixel?

A

The most basic component of a computer graphic

18
Q

What is Bitmap?

A

A map of pixels, each pixel has a binary number that determines its colour

19
Q

What is Resolution?

A

A measure of the number of pixels in an image

20
Q

What is Colour Depth?

A

The number of bits assigned to each pixel (hence the max amount of colours that can be used in an image)

21
Q

What is Vector Graphics?

A

2D point located polygons to represent images in computer graphics

22
Q

Use of Bitmap??

A

Usually used to depict lifelike images

23
Q

Use of Vector??

A

Used for abstract images (like logos)

24
Q

What is a Bus?

A

A collection of wires inside the computer that can transfer info and send signals

25
Q

What is an Address Bus?

A

Wires connecting the Processor to the Memory - tells memory which address location is being used. Address buses are UNI-DIRECTIONAL and made up of parallel wires each carrying a single bit

26
Q

What is a Data Bus?

A

Wires connecting the Processor to the Memory - tells memory what data is to be sent. Data buses are BI-DIRECTIONAL and made up of parallel wires each carrying a single bit

27
Q

What is a Control Bus?

A

Made of individual lines with specific functions giving instructions to the rest of the system from the control unit

28
Q

What is the READ Line?

A

Memory READ operation - reads the contents of the memory location to the processor

29
Q

What is the WRITE Line?

A

Memory WRITE operation - writes an item of data from the processor into a memory location

30
Q

What is the Clock Line?

A

Sends a series of pluses into the processor to synchronise events

31
Q

What is a Register?

A

Storage locations inside the processor that are used to hold instructions or data

32
Q

What is the Memory Address Register (MAR) ?

Also lowkey MDR too :)

A

Used to hold the address of the next instruction or piece of data to be received or sent from memory

33
Q

What is an Instruction Register?

A

A register used to keep track of where a program is in its execution

34
Q

What are the 4 functions of the CPU?

A
  • Fetch
  • Decode
  • Execute
  • Respond (Write Back)
35
Q

What is Cache?

A

Stores data so it can be served faster in the future

36
Q

How does increasing number of cores improve performance of a computer system?

A

The more cores, the more sets of instructions the processor can receive and process at the same time

37
Q

How does increasing the width of a data bus improve performance of a computer system?

A

Transfers more information at once

38
Q

How does increasing cache memory improve performance of a computer system?

A

Gets required instructions to the CPU faster - fast access in cache compared to home (main memory)

39
Q

How does increasing clock speed improve performance of a computer system?

A

The higher the clock rate, the faster the instructions may complete a series of instructions

computing science! (4 decks)

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