PRELIM QUIZ

Question 1

TRUE OR FALSE
Secondary prevention aims to detect a disease later in its progression to ensure that treatment is more complex and less effective

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE
As countries industrialize, they tend to experience the mortality patterns seen in developed nations, where chronic diseases become the major health challenge, a process known as the “epidemiologic transition.”

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE
The epidemiologic transition refers to the shift from high mortality due to infectious diseases to increased mortality from chronic diseases as countries become more industrialized.

Question 4

TRUE OR FALSE
Tertiary prevention focuses on preventing the onset of disease in healthy individuals who have not yet shown signs or symptoms.

Question 5

TRUE OR FALSE
When a physician provides a prognosis, it is based on the average outcomes observed in populations of patients with similar conditions at the same disease stage and treatment.

Question 6

TRUE OR FALSE
Improvements in public health measures such as better sanitation and safer water supplies are more likely explanations for the observed declines in mortality from infectious diseases prior to the advent of vaccines and treatments.

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE
The decline in mortality from infectious diseases observed before medical treatments were available is mainly due to a reduction in human exposure to the disease-causing organisms and a decrease in their virulence.

Question 8

TRUE OR FALSE
Certain diseases vary in severity, with some being rapidly lethal and others allowing for extended survival, while some diseases, though not fatal, can significantly impact quality of life or cause disability.

Question 9

TRUE OR FALSE
In industrialized countries, infectious diseases remain the leading causes of death, similar to patterns seen in the United States in 1900.

Question 10

TRUE OR FALSE
Prognostication relies solely on individual patient characteristics rather than on data from large groups of patients with the same disease.

Question 11

TRUE OR FALSE
An epidemic only occurs when illnesses are spread from person to person and not from a common source.

Question 12

TRUE OR FALSE
The concept of herd immunity is based on the idea that as more people in a community become immune to a disease, the likelihood of an outbreak decreases due to reduced transmission.

Question 13

TRUE OR FALSE
In noninfectious diseases, the disease often manifests immediately after exposure to a carcinogen or environmental toxin.

Question 14

TRUE OR FALSE
In the 19th century, Panum observed that measles spread epidemically in the Faroe Islands due to the introduction of the disease to a previously isolated and susceptible population.

Question 15

TRUE OR FALSE
The time period for an attack rate is generally not explicitly specified because the exposure is common and the illness is acute, making the time period implicit.

Question 16

TRUE OR FALSE
Trends in disease incidence over time, such as the increasing rates of AIDS in the United States up until 1996, are not influenced by factors like new therapies or health education.

Question 17

TRUE OR FALSE
Disease is randomly distributed in both time and place, with no particular geographic patterns or trends.

Question 18

TRUE OR FALSE
The geographic distribution of Lyme disease in 2015 was not documented or analyzed in terms of individual case locations.

Question 19

TRUE OR FALSE
The incubation period can be attributed to the pathogen’s need to reach a critical mass within the host before clinical symptoms of the disease appear.

Question 20

What is the term for a preventive measure applied to an entire population, often through mass media and health education?

Question 21

Which prevention approach involves detecting a disease process that has already started but has not yet manifested clinically?

Question 22

What is the field of study that examines how diseases are distributed across populations and the factors that influence this distribution?

Question 23

What is the term for the prevention strategy that targets a specific high-risk group rather than the entire population, such as screening only high-risk children for cholesterol levels?

Question 24

Which prevention strategy includes measures like immunization or reducing exposure to environmental factors to prevent the onset of disease in a healthy individual?

Question 25

What technique helps identify the most likely cause of an outbreak by organizing and comparing data from different potential sources in a tabular format?

Question 26

Which aspect of epidemiology examines how personal attributes, including sex, age, race, and behaviors like smoking, impact an individual’s risk of developing diseases?

Question 27

What measure is defined as the proportion of individuals in a group who develop a disease, and is particularly useful for assessing risk associated with various exposures

Question 28

What is the term for the interval between receiving an infection and the onset of recognizable symptoms, during which an individual may feel completely well?

Question 29

What term describes the habitual presence or usual occurrence of a disease within a specific geographic area?