PRELIM PART 2 Flashcards
means specific amount produced in a unit time or according to a single manufacturing order during same cycle of manufacture
BATCH
a batch; or portion of a batch
LOT
d, is calculated by finding the differences between individual results and the mean, regardless the sign, adding these differences, and dividing by the number of determinations.
AVERAGE DEVIATION
is found by dividing the average deviation by the mean and multiplied by 100 as % or 1000ppt.
RAD
• sd or s, preferred measure of precision
• it shows how much variation or
“dispersion” there is from the average (mean or expected value)
• low sd indicated that the data points tend to be very close to the mean and vice versa
STANDARD DEVIATION
makes use of control charts, a tool which may influence decision related to the functions of specifications, production or inspection.
STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL
use actual records of numerical measurement on a full continuous scale such as meter, grams, liter
Ex: mean and R charts
VARIABLE CHART
makes use of discrete data classifying the number of items conforming and falling
Ex: P chart (control chart for fraction defective)
ATTRIBUTE CHART
normally 3 standard deviation above the center line
Mean + 3 (SD)
UCL
3 standard deviation below the center line
• = Mean - 3 (SD)
LCL
analytical methods in which the volume of a solution of known concentration consumed during an analysis is taken as a measure of the amount of active
constituent in sample analyzed
TITRIMETRIC METHOD OF ANALYSIS
the active constituent in the sample
ANALYTE/TITRAND
solution of known concentration
• solution added by means of buret
TITRANT
chemical which changes color at or near the point in the titration where equivalent quantities of analyte and titrant have reacted
INDICATOR
• theoretical point at which equivalent amounts of each (analyte & titrant) have reacted
EQUIVALENCE POINT
a sudden change in color apparent by the use of indicators
END POINT
f = # of replaceable OH-
Ex:
NaOH
Mg(OH)2
BASES
f = total positive or negative
charges
Ex:
NaCl
MgO
SALTS
determination of the exact concentration of the solution
• use of another standard solution known as secondary standard or by the use of carefully weighed sample of a substance of known purity which is termed as primary standard
STANDARDIZATION
solution of known concentration (liquid)
SECONDARY STANDARD
number of equivalent of solute per liter of solution
• equivalent/liter (eq/L) or milliequivalent/milliliter (mEq/mL)
NORMALITY
number of moles of solute per liter of solution
• moles/liter
MOLARITY
determination of N or M of solution
•accomplished by the use of another standard solution known as SECONDARY STANDARD or by the use of known purity substance as PRIMARY STANDARD
STANDARDIZATION
the weight of substance chemically equivalent to 1 mL of standard solution
•express in mg/mL
N x mEq. wt.
TITER
Burets, Pipets
TO DELIVER
Volumetric Flask, Graduated Cylinder
TO CONTAIN
•graduated glass tubes of uniform bore throughout the whole length
•closed at the bottom by glass or stopcock
•read at lower meniscus (for clear solutions)
BURETS
for bases; a length of tubing connects a separate tip; economical
MOHR
built in stopcock; expensive but more accurate
GEISSLER
one titrant used, one volumetric solution
DIRECT
two titrants, two volumetric solutions
RESIDUAL TITRATION
process of repeating the procedure but omitting the sample
BLANK DETERMINATION
a chemical process in which an acid reacts with a base
•Ex: HCl + NaOH –> NaCl + H2O
•Products: Water and Salt
NEUTRALIZATION
are complex organic compounds used to:
- determine the end point
- determine the pH
- indicate that a desired change in pH has been effected
INDICATORS
the direct or residual titrimetric analysis of bases using an accurately measured volume of acid
ACIDIMETRY
conducted by introducing a standard acid solution gradually from a buret into a solution of the base being assayed until chemically equivalent amounts of each have reacted as shown by some change in properties of the mixture
DIRECT TITRATION
also known as back titration
•frequently used when a reaction proceeds slowly or when the substance to be assayed does not give a distinct, sharp end point with an indicator by direct titration.
for compounds which react slowly with titrant
•poor solubility
•volatile substances
RESIDUAL TITRATION
direct or residual titrimetric analysis of acids using a base
ALAKALIMETRY
